Acmella paniculata

Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8 67 1985.(syn: Spilanthes acmella var. paniculata (A. P. DC.) C. B. Cl.; Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC.);

Java, Queensland, peninsular Malaysia (Penang Isl., Kelantan, Perak, Pahan, Melaka, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), Taiwan, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar [Burma], Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Ecuador (I), Panama (I), Brazil (I), Colombia (I), India (widespread), Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Balabac), Pakistan (Lahore), Lakshadweep Isl. (Laccadives) as per Catalogue of life;.

Difference between Acmella calva, A. oleracea and A. paniculata as per research gate link;

ak-MEL-uh orAK-mel-uh — little point … Dave’s Botanary
pan-ick-yoo-LAY-tuh or pan-ick-yoo-LAH-tuh — referring to the flower clusters (panicles) … Dave’s Botanary

commonly known as: panicled spot flower, paracress, toothache plant • Bodo: usumai • Assamese: বন নাৰ্জী bon narji, জাতি মালাকাঠি jati-malkathi, পাৰ্বতী বন parbati-bana • Garo: rupuji dol • Gujarati: મરેઠી marethi • Kannada: ಹೆಮ್ಮುಗುಳು hemmugulu, ಸಣ್ಣ ವನ ಮುಗುಳಿ sanna vana muguli • Konkani: अकलकरा akalkara • Malayalam: അക്രാവ് akravu, പല്ലുവേദനച്ചെടി palluvedanachedi • Marathi: अक्कलकारा akkalkara • Nepali: लाटो घाँस laato ghaans, मारती maaratee • Odia: ବିରି ବିରି biri biri

Names bibliography at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2020/10/acmella-paniculata-dc-rkjansen.html

Names of Plants in India :: Acmella paniculata :: Kannada query: Would ಆಚಾರ ಜೊಂಡಿ aachaara jondi make sense ? Please validate.
This is in context of name given for Spilanthes paniculata WALL. EX DC. (syn. of Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen) … name listed at ENVIS / FRLHT.

In Kannada Spilanthes paniculata is called as Aachaara joandi in the Western ghats in Karnataka and in the eastern parts of Karnataka it is called Vana mugali

Would like inquire again whether ಆಚಾರ ಜೊಂಡಿ is correctly written in Kannada for aachaara joandi .
Have taken note of the other name vana mugali … would it be ವನ ಮುಗಲಿ OR ವನ ಮುಗಳಿ

Yet to find response for this query :: whether ಆಚಾರ ಜೊಂಡಿ is correctly written in Kannada for aachaara joandi.

PLANT FOR ID 170 SMP NOV 2009: Are these full flowers or the petals have been shed? I am in doubt
Mahabaleshwar Nov 2009

I think this is Spilanthes achmella var. ???

Please keep these flower heads in your mouth and feel excessive salivation. It is used traditionally for mouth related troubles. Its regular use in this way prevents from gum diseases as well as dental decay.
Its roots are added in herbal formulations used for extraordinary sexual performances. I have seen its practical uses and documented it, but as bachelor not used it so far. 🙂

These are flower-heads with numerous disc florets and few ray ones. Plants called as ‘akarkara’. Chewing of these floral heads causes numbness in the tongue and gums for a while. So used to get quick & temporary relief from toothache.

Is it ‘Anacyslus pyrethrum’ ? It is called ‘Akkalkadha’ ‘अक्‍कलकाढा’ in Marathi.

It is Spilanthes for sure. Species may be achmella or some other.
I remember eating the tangy tasting flowers during my childhood.

I doubt it is Spilanthes ciliata not S. acmella

Yes I also think it is more likely to be Spilanthes ciliata

Can some one please inform me the difference between Spilanthes oleracea, S. paniculata and S. cilata, now correctly known as Acmella oleracea, Acmella paniculata and A. ciliata, respectively. Spilanthes acmella is now placed in distinct genus Blainvillea (B. acmella).

I just got hold of a recent detailed study from Taiwan ‘Notes on Acmella (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) from Taiwan published in Journal Botanical studies Vol: 49:73-82, 2008, authored by Kuo-Fang CHung1, Yoshiko KOnO1, Chiu-Mei WANG2, and Ching-I PeNG1,*

If this detailed study is followed … plant should be paniculata and not Acmella ciliata (syn: Spilanthes ciliata). The ray florets (and not petals) are not to be found even in the youngest head. The species of this group have been much confused, and this study seems to have tried to sort out the things. A. ciliata has radiate heads and leaves rounded, truncate or cordate at base. This specimens has clearly cuneate leaf base.

Two days back I also collected a specimen from same genus. After detailed study I have identified it has A. uliginosa. I will upload it separately.

Here is the key from the Paper:

1. Capitula discoid (without ray florets).

2. Leaves ovate to deltoid, leaf bases broad obtuse, truncate to slightly cordate; capitula cylindric, more than 1 cm wide; involucral bracts 15-18, triseriate; mature achenes without evident cork-like margins …..…………………………………………………… 3.A. oleracea

2. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic to narrowly ovate, leaf bases attenuate or cuneate; capitula cone-shaped, less than 1 cm wide; involucral bracts 9-12, biseriate; mature achenes with evident cork-like margins ……….………………………………………………….. 4. A. paniculata

1. Capitula radiate (with ray florets).

3. Leaves ovate to deltoid, leaf bases broad obtuse, truncate to slightly cordate; capitula ovoid; mature achenes with evident cork-like margins ………………….………………………………………………………. 2. A. ciliata

3. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic to narrowly ovate, leaf bases attenuate or cuneate; capitula cone-shaped; mature achenes without evident cork-like margins.

4. Disc florets 4- or 5-merous, corollas light yellow or greenish, ray florets relatively inconspicuous; involucral bracts 7-11, biseriate; achenes of disc florets 1.5-3 mm long ………….. 1. A. brachyglossa

4. Disc florets 4-merous, corollas yellow to orange, ray florets conspicuous; involucral bracts 5-6, uniseriate; achenes of disc florets 1.2-1.8 mm long

………………………………………………. 5. A. uliginosa.

Names of Plants in India :: Acmella paniculata (DC.) R.K.Jansen

ak-MEL-uh or AK-mel-uh — little point … Dave’s Botanary
pan-ick-yoo-LAY-tuh or pan-ick-yoo-LAH-tuh — referring to the flower clusters (panicles) … Dave’s Botanarycommonly known as: panicled spot flower, paracress, toothache plant • Bodo: usumai • Assamese: বন নাৰ্জী bon narji, জাতি মালাকাঠি jati-malkathi, পাৰ্বতী বন parbati-bana • Garo: rupuji dol • Gujarati: મરેઠી marethi • Kannada: ಹೆಮ್ಮುಗುಳು hemmugulu, ಸಣ್ಣ ವನ ಮುಗುಳಿ sanna vana muguli • Konkani: अकलकरा akalkara • Malayalam: അക്രാവ് akravu, പല്ലുവേദനച്ചെടി palluvedanachedi • Marathi: अक्कलकारा akkalkara • Nepali: लाटो घाँस laato ghaans, मारती maaratee • Odia: ବିରି ବିରି biri biri

botanical names: Acmella paniculata (DC.) R.K.Jansen … synonyms: Spilanthes grandifolia Miq. • Spilanthes lobata Blanco • Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. • Spilanthes rugosa Blume ex DC. … status at GBIF

Bibliography / etymology

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~

panicled spot flower

Flowers of India
panicled — the epithet paniculata refers to the flower clusters (in panicles)
spot flower — a generic name for most of the species of Acmella, Spilanthes

paracress

for synonym Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. … Shodhganga – Medicinal plants of Tulunadu
this name shared with Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen … Wikipedia
this name shared with Spilanthes calva DC. … synonym of Acmella calva (DC.) R.K.Jansen … Shodhganga – Medicinal plants of Tulunadu

toothache plant

Shodhganga – Medicinal plants of Tulunadu
this name shared with Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen … Wikipedia
this name shared with Spilanthes calva DC. … synonym of Acmella calva (DC.) R.K.Jansen … Shodhganga – Medicinal plants of Tulunadu

~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~

বন নাৰ্জী bon narji

for synonym Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. … Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam by Dipali Deka

জাতি মালাকাঠি jati-malkathi

Many thanks to Brahmananda Patiri for help with this name in native script … facebook

পাৰ্বতী বন parbati-bana

Many thanks to Brahmananda Patiri for help with this name in native script … facebook

~~~~~ BODO ~~~~~

usumai

for synonym Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. … Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam by Dipali Deka

~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~

rupuji dol

for synonym Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. … Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam by Dipali Deka

~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~

મરેઠી marethi

Gujarati Lexicon
this name shared with Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen … વનસ્પતીઓ ના ગુજરાતી તથા બોટનીકલ નામ ની યાદી (વૈધ કે જે ઝાલા)

~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~

ಹೆಮ್ಮುಗುಳು hemmugulu

for synonym Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. … Alar
this name shared with Spilanthes acmella (L.) L. … A Kannada-English school-dictionary : chiefly based on the labours of the Rev. Dr. F. Kittel
this name shared with Mentha pulegium L. … Alar

ಸಣ್ಣ ವನ ಮುಗುಳಿ sanna vana muguli

Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist, Volume – 2: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 – 1002 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)

~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~

अकलकरा akalkara

for synonym Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. … Flora of Goa – site no longer available

~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~

അക്രാവ് akravu

Shodhganga – Medicinal plants of Tulunadu
Many thanks to Vinaya Raj V R for help with this name … efloraofindia

പല്ലുവേദനച്ചെടി palluvedanachedi

Shodhganga – Medicinal plants of Tulunadu
Many thanks to Vinaya Raj V R for help with this name, and etymology … efloraofindia
pallu = teeth; vedana = pain; chedi = plant … palluvedanachedi = the plant (that can be used against) the pain of teeth

~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~

अक्कलकारा akkalkara

for synonym Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. … The Gazetteer Department … महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा
this name shared with
1) Spilanthes calva DC. … synonym of Acmella calva (DC.) R.K.Jansen … The Gazetteer Department … महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा
2) Spilanthes oleracea L. … synonym of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen … The Gazetteer Department … महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा
3) Anthemis pyrethrum L. … synonym of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag. … A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)
also known as अक्कलकरा, अक्कलकारा, अक्कलकाडा, अक्कलकाढा, अक्कलकाला, अक्कलखार … A dictionary, Marathi and English by Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas)