Cassia roxburghii DC. (Syn: Cassia javanica sensu Bojer; Cassia marginata Roxb.; Cathartocarpus marginatus G.Don; Cathartocarpus roxburghii (DC.) Loudon);
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KASS-ee-uh — from an ancient Greek name kasia used by Dioscorides
roks-BURGH-ee-eye — named for William Roxburgh, 18th century Scottish botanist, who specialized in the flora of India
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commonly known as: Ceylon senna, red cassia
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Native to
: southern India and Sri Lanka
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Difference from C.grandis as per Pradip Krishan’s Trees of Delhi:

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As per efi thread:
The leafy stipules of C. roxburghii are narrow, slender, and sickle-shaped.
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The other three species with similar flowers all have filaments swollen in the middle.
Their Keys:
1a. Ovary glabrous, leaflets oblong, densely velvety, tip mucronate; leafy bracts at base of each flower; stipules large leafy … Cassia renigera
1b. Ovary hairy …..(2)
2a. Stipules 5 mm long, linear, not leafy, leaflets acute, glabrous beneath; petals pink, fading to yellow-pink or white …….. Cassia nodosa
2b. Stipules 12-15 mm long, leafy, lealets usually obtuse, silky beneath;  petals pink, turning dark red, fading to white …… Cassia javanica
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Cassia with pinkish-orange flowers Is it Cassia roxburghii ? UD 8212011 001: For last a couple of years when in town once in a while I have seen these strange arrangement of the flowers … see figure 1 and 2.
The tree is in public space, at GolPark , Kolkata, where Vivekanand’s statue is… its a traffic circle with many many buses, taxis, cars trucks, auto rickshaws galore… all honking and spewing out grey, black or white smoke… and high decibel sounds… This tree seems to be thriving..

Date/Time- August 15th 2011

Location- Place, Altitude, GPS- Sea level or may be a bit below… Ganges plain

Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- Garden , Urban, in heavily polluted air

Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- Tree

Height/Length- approximately 15 to 18 feet

Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size- pinnate, about 1.5 inches long, fine hair

Inflorescence Type/ Size- Unique, Panicle growing from central vein outwards..see photos

Flowers Size/ Colour/ Calyx/ Bracts- across approximately 1.5 inches

Fruits Type/ Shape/ Size Seeds- not seen yet

Other Information like Fragrance, Pollinator, Uses etc.- do not know yet

I think this may be Cassia Roxburghii…. need confirmation please….

If my interpretation is wrong … what is its ID?


flowers of India is what I check first now a days…
but that slide’s structure of the inflorescence is different that what is here…
could you please check these…
1): .flickr
2): fairchildgarden
1 is from a guy in australia, 2 is from Fairchild garden which is Univ Miami florida Bot garden..


Quite likely the ID as C.roxburghii is correct. One grown up tree is at Hansoti Lane, Ghatkopar (W) planted by Dr.Hansoti himself.


please tell me if your tree has this peculiar way the flowers arise as if out of the spine/vertebral column of a person lying face down .. and the drooping leaves are the persons ribs and arms…
its the only analogy I can think of…
and I dont see it described the way I see it …
that’s my problem.. with this diagnosis…
also the flowers not exactly pink…
they are peachy-orangish- pink with reddish mixed in … what does that make ???


I think it should be C. roxburghii only. The other three species with similar flowers all have filaments swollen in the middle.


and flower spike growing out of the “vertebral column” type arrangement… ????
is it described?


I finally found something that looks like this.. at floridata site… floridata now what I want is a key for flowering pink.. red cassia…


Here it is

1a. Ovary glabrous, leaflets oblong, densely velvety, tip mucronate; leafy  bracts at base of each flower; stipules large leafy…….Cassia renigera
1b. Ovary hairy……..(2)
2a. Stipules 5 mm long, linear, not leafy, leaflets acute, glabrous beneath;
petals pink, fading to yellow-pink or white…..Cassia nodosa
2b. Stipules 12-15 mm long, leafy, lealets usually obtuse, silky beneath; petals pink, turning dark red, fading to white…..Cassia javanica


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Ornamental Cassia For ID : Muscat : 020613 : AK-2 :  Attachments (5).  4 posts by 3 authors.
Another cultivated Cassia with orange flowers.
Straight pods.

This is Cassia roxburghii to me.



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Cassia roxburghii DC. from Mumbai : VG-JAN-01 : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (4)

Both during and out of the flowering period, the Pink Cassias are sprouting new leaves throughout the year and there is much to delight in the charm of their youth. Each raw, yellow-green newborn leaf of Cassia roxburghii must go through a subtle palette of glaucous tints before arriving at its mature green complexion.
Unlike the large leafy stipules of Cassia javanica, those of C. roxburghii are narrow, slender, and sickle-shaped.

Photographed in Kandivali, North Mumbai.


Thanks … for your keen observations and documenting it with photographs. As I said earlier it is interesting and important to follow your plants in non flowering stage too. Nicely depicted it. Worth remembering for all.


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Flora picture of the year 2014 : Viplav Gangar : 9 posts by 8 authors. Attachments (1).
In the lurking shadows of the twilight, these gleamy raindrops were conceiving a surreal reflection of the adjacent tree, much in contrast to the shallow vacuum of the ambient bokeh orbs. These fleeting raptures would soon dissolve into a realm that no lens or eye could contain.
Photographed in the evening rain in Kandivali, North Mumbai (July 2014).


Simply Marvellous!!! Out of the world!!!


Thank you very much …, for your comments.
The foliage of this tree is equally delightful … will share in a separate post.


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TSPNOV2015-40: Images of Cassia roxburghii (Fabaceae) : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (6)
It is my pleasure to share few images of Cassia roxburghii (Fabaceae)
Habit: Medium tree
Habitat: Cultivated.
Sighting: Tiptur, Tumkur, Karnataka, about 800 msl
Date: 27-05-2014, 15-12-2015 and 10-08-2015

yes. very nice. never seen young (not Black) pods.
ps bark picturres ? do you have them?


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pink cassia: 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
Burmese pink cassia Cassia javanica subsp. renigera blooming in Chennai in August

Uploading habit pic.  Attachments (1)


This should be Red Cassia Cassia roxburghii



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tree id please L-12.2016(1) : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)
please help me to identify the tree


I think Cassia roxburghii..



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Cassia For ID : Bhopal : 22AUG15 : AK-43 : 43/43 : 7 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
An old picture of mine.
Cultivated, avenue tree seen in Bhopal during a visit with tiny pink flowers.

Cassia grandis


Cassia grandis seen at Lalbagh, Bangalore seemed a little different.


efi page on Cassia grandis 


Cassia roxburghii/ javanica. Please verify.


With no swellings on the 3 long stamens it should be either C. roxhburghiii  or C.grandis. It is not possible to decide the species as the photograph is not clear and difficult to get details of the flower and leaf arrangement etc. Please check Trees of Delhi web site specifically page 239 for differentiation.


Thanks for the information. I have the book ‘Trees of Delhi’, but not with me right now. Will definitely go through it.
The picture was taken at a singal, when the vehicle stopped. There was low light and it was raining.
Couldn’t get better pictures.


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Cassia For ID : Mumbai : 20AUG15 : AK-36 : 36/36 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
Cassia seen in Jijamata Udyan on 15th Aug,2011.
With very few flowers.

Cassia species in eFloraofindia (with details/ keys from published papers/ regional floras/ FRLHT/ FOI/ Biotik/ efloras/ books etc., where ever available on net)     


it could be C. nodosa. But the leaf character is not clear in the picture.



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Re: Identification of Tree Species : 10 posts by 6 authors. Attachments (3)
Can someone please help in identifying this tree species? It almost certainly seems to be a species of cassia to me. Is this an endemic species to Tamil Nadu?
I saw this along the roadside while driving near Thanjavur.
Any help on this is much appreciated.

Pl. check comparative images at Cassia


It is Cassia roxburghii DC.,

This tree is certainly not endemic to Tamilnadu. Most probably this is Cassia roxburghii.

Cassia roxburghii

Pl check for Cassia roxburghii


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Pl. confirm the id. of the attached photo of is it Cassia roxburghii? or any other sp.
Location: NBNP garden, Anaikatti (640 MSL), Coimbatore Dist.,

May be Cassia roxburghii.



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Hampi, KA :: Cassia for validation :: ARK2020-059 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (8)
Saw this Cassia in the ancient ruins complex in Hampi, KA in October 2019.
Is this C. roxburghii? Requested to please validate.

I guess it is correct ID !


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Taju 02 Oct 20: 5 images.
Need id of this in public garden at Agra, U.P
Image:- Oct 20


Cassia roxburghii  




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Ornamental Cassia For ID : Muscat : 020613 : AK-1 : Attachments (3 + 5 ).  9 posts by 5 authors.
Very old pictures of Ornamental Cassia seen in Muscat during Nov & Dec.
Medium trees, spreading out, cultivated.
Tiny pink flowers.
Id please.

This is Cassia nodosa, I have propogated this plant by budding few years back at quram with by using Cassia fustula/amaltaj root stock.
Cassia nodosa grows very well in hot summer with full of flowers for more then 4 month with dark green foliage.

Look at this link…toptropicals

is there a difference in the flowering stalks’ arrangement there and here???
I am confused..
what’s the difference between cassia nodosa and cassia roxburghii
I mean i need the key in simple english, please
does any one know?


Please check for the most distinguishing character of C .nodosa i.e. there are ten yellow stamens, the longest three having a round swelling in the middle. That is why the name nodosa. If it is positive then it is Cassia javanica ssp. nodosa ( as per theplantlist). C.nodosa is a synonym of C.j. ssp. n.


Your plant looks nearly – http://www.flickr.com/photos/jehane-ramola/5777336784/ and the pic in the link clearly shows nodes on three stamens as per key by …
But, it is interesting to note while “Bengal Plants”, FBI & FI inform that flowers of Cassia nodosa Ham, (Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa) are pink, FoC informs they are yellow – http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242311362 !!!
According to FBI, no. of leaflets 6 to 12 pairs.

Some close ups taken today of the above Cassia.


Thank you for the latest update, which shows your plant is not C. nodosa of Flora Indica, vol2, page 336.


This is not C. javanica ssp. nodosa. Hence, this could be C. javanica  provided the other vegetative characters tally.


Adding one more picture with pods. Here it is. Taken on 22/7/2011.
Flowers are very tiny, not as big as Cassia javanica.
Hope this picture helps.


Thanks for a possible id.

Will leave it to the experts to validate.


I guess correct ID !


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Tree ID from Ludhiana: Tree

ornamental Flowering
flowering time – october-nov
flower color pinkish red
habit drooping branches

please provide larger pictures, about 640 px wide at the least, 800 px wide is preferred; please keep the file size limited to about 150Kb.


I think this is Delonix regia, but I am not sure, because I can’t see the detail.


Cassia roxburgii



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Requesting for identification of unknown plant species: 3 high res. images.
Today I’m going in SP University where i found a cassia sp. I doesn’t found any match in flora so I request to identify given plant species 🙏Date.09-06-2022
Location. SP UNIVERSITY ANAND GUJARAT


I am not sure, C. roxburghii?


Ok, I will check for leaflet and anther details


Please post pictures of the individual flower showing stamens arrangement & leaf arrangement. I mean leaf showing no. of leaf lets, stipules etc. Pods as well  for the proper ID.


Also post habit picture (shrub or a tree)


It is big tree like C. javanica, sorry to say but I have no other images of this tree


Check Pradeep Kishen’s Trees of Delhi, where in the key for Cassia species have been provided.


Is any one has this book handy please share pictures of Cassia sp. key, i am very thankful to him.


Yes, appears close to images at Cassia roxburghiiDC.



Forwarding herewith the photocopy of the Cassia reference pages in Trees of Delhi.
2 images.



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Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae (Caesalpiniaceae) – Bangalore – Cassia roxburghii – Red Cassia Tree:



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Request for ID: 130611SR1 Is this Cassia marginata?:

This tree has been labelled as Cassia marginata at Lalbagh Botanical Gardens.
Though plantlist and tropicos say this is a synonym for Cassia roxburghii DC, both flowers look quite different.
Could you please help identify this tree?
Date – 7-June-2011
Location – Lalbagh Botanical Gardens
Photos are by …

Its cassia roxburghiiRed Cassia
The branches will look different from any other pink cassia variant, and the flowers raised above the leaf stalks


Cassia roxburghii for sure….flower stay on trees for long….


I am confused between two species that are supposed to be Cassia roxburghii.

In the first one, I see more orange shades. The stamens are yellow. The flowers range from yellowish-orange to orange to deep pink. The description in Blatter book for Cassia roxburghii matches this.
The second one has less variation in color. Mostly pink to deep-pink. The stamens are orange to light red.
Are these two different species or are both classified as Cassia roxburghii.

Yes Cassia marginata Roxb. now correctly known as Cassia wallichii DC. pink to rose flowers with longer filaments without swellings in the middle.



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Cassia roxburghii DC.
KASS-ee-uh — from an ancient Greek name kasia used by Dioscorides
roks-BURGH-ee-eye — named for William Roxburgh, 18th century Scottish botanist, who specialized in the flora of India

This ID needs validation; only these photos available.
Aug 17, 2008 … at Veermata Jeejabai Bhosale Udyan, Mumbai
commonly known as: Ceylon senna, red cassia
Native to: southern India and Sri Lanka
more views: Aug 17, 2008 … at Veermata Jeejabai Bhosale Udyan, Mumbai


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MS/2023/134 – ID of the tree.: 4 images.
I am forwarding herewith a set of photographs of  a tree. Photographed in Chennai by a friend last week (22.10.23) and sent for ID. Please ID.


Branches long and pendulous.


Fabaceae  ??


Yes. I am also of the same opinion.


I think Cassia species.


It does look like a pink Cassia. In view of the drooping branches and the slender, narrow stipules, it is likely to be Cassia roxburghii DC.



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References: