Morinda citrifolia

Morinda citrifolia L., Sp. Pl. 176 1753. (Syn: Morinda angustifolia Roth [Illegitimate]; Morinda aspera Wight & Arn.; Morinda chachuca Buch.-Ham.; Morinda citrifolia var. elliptica Hook.f.; Morinda citrifolia f. potteri (O.Deg.) H.St.John; Morinda citrifolia var. potteri O.Deg.; Morinda coreia var. stenophylla (Spreng.) Chandrab.; Morinda elliptica (Hook.f.) Ridl.; Morinda ligulata Blanco; Morinda littoralis Blanco; Morinda macrophylla Desf.; Morinda mudia Buch.-Ham.; Morinda multiflora Roxb.; Morinda nodosa Buch.-Ham.; Morinda quadrangularis G.Don; Morinda stenophylla Spreng.; Morinda teysmanniana Miq.; Morinda tinctoria Noronha; Morinda tinctoria var. aspera (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f.; Morinda tinctoria var. multiflora (Roxb.) Hook.f.; Morinda tomentosa B.Heyne ex Roth; Morinda zollingeriana Miq.; Platanocephalus orientalis CrantzSamama citrifolia (L.) Kuntze; Sarcocephalus leichhardtii F.Muell.);
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Andaman Is.; Assam; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Belize; Bismarck Archipelago; Borneo; Cambodia; Caroline Is.; Cayman Is.; Chagos Archipelago; China Southeast;Christmas I.; Cocos (Keeling) Is.; Colombia; Cook Is.; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; El Salvador; Fiji; Gilbert Is.; Guatemala; Hainan; Haiti; Hawaii; Honduras; India; Jamaica; Jawa; Kazan-retto; Laccadive Is.; Leeward Is.; Lesser Sunda Is.; Line Is.; Malaya; Maldives; Maluku; Marianas; Marquesas; Marshall Is.; Mexico Gulf; Mexico Southeast; Myanmar; Nansei-shoto; Nauru; Netherlands Antilles; New Caledonia; New Guinea; Nicaragua; Nicobar Is.; Niue; Northern Territory; Ogasawara-shoto; Panam; Philippines; Phoenix Is.; Puerto Rico; Queensland; Samoa; Santa Cruz Is.; Seychelles; Society Is.; Solomon Is.; South China Sea; Southwest Caribbean; Sri Lanka; Sulawesi; Sumatera; Taiwan; Thailand; Tokelau-Manihiki; Tonga; Trinidad-Tobago; Tuamotu; Tubuai Is.; Turks-Caicos Is.; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Venezuelan Antilles; Vietnam; Wallis-Futuna Is.; Western Australia; Windward Is. as per Catalogue of Life;
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mo-RIN-duh — from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)
sit-rih-FOH-lee-uh — having leaves like Citrus
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commonly known as: Canary wood (Australia), great morinda, Indian mulberry, large-leaved morinda, noni (Hawaii), nonu (Samoa), pain killer tree (Caribbean) • Bengali: hurdi • Gujarati: સુરંગી surangi • Hindi: आल aal, बारतुन्डी bartundi • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Konkani: बारतोंडी bartondi • Malayalam: ചെറുമഞ്ജനാത്തി cerumanjjanaaththi • Marathi: आल aal, बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindre • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, மஞ்சட்பாவட்டை manchatpavattai, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డిచెక్క maddi chekka, తగర tagara, తొగరు togaru
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Native to: Southeast Asia
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The leaves are used to heal ulcers. They are also used as fodder and to rear silkworms. The fruits and tender leaves are eaten by tribals during food scarcity. The Aal tree is promoted as a food supplement and health enhancer in the Konkan region. the tree is planted for shade and also to support pepper vines.
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Leaves shining and glabrous on both surfaces………………………………Morinda citrifolia
Leaves tomentose on both surfaces…………………………………………..Morinda pubescens  
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As per efi thread:
Sharing some photographs of the buds and the flowers of Morinda coreia var. tomentosa. The flowers are usually 5-merous; have also attached some instances of variable merosity in the flowers of this tree (4-merous & 6-merous). The corolla tube is glabrous on the inside and hairy on the outer surface as seen in the last picture.
This tree is often referred to as Morinda pubescens Sm. The genus Morinda in Mumbai was revised by RR Fernandez who published a new combination – Morinda coreia Buch.-Ham. var. tomentosa (Hook.f.) R.R.Fernandez. Have attached the key by Fernandez from his book ‘Trees of Mumbai (Bombay)’, pp. 173-174, Scientific Publishers, 1999.
In Cooke’s Flora, the anthers are said to be included within the corolla tube as depicted in Navendu ji’s photographs on flowersofindia.net. But the anthers are clearly exserted in the trees that I have come across in Madh. In the eflora archives, I found some photographs of the flowers of M. pubescens bearing exserted stamens & anthers (posted by Mohina ji fr. Alibag & Dinesh ji fr. SGNP in Mumbai). The flower image of M. pubescens in ‘The Trees of Mumbai’ by M. Almeida & N. Chaturvedi (p. 20) as well as in Shrikant ji’s ‘Trees of Pune’ (p. 98) also depicts exserted anthers.
Brandis in his book Indian Trees refers to it by the old name Morinda tinctoria, Roxb. He says: “anthers exserted or included”
Talbot says the same: “Anthers exserted or included” in his Forest Flora of Bombay Presidency and Sind.
From what I’ve noticed, the style/stigma is exserted in the trees bearing flowers with included stamens/anthers and vice versa.
I am also intrigued by the reason behind different individuals of this tree bearing separate kinds of flowers i.e. with ‘exserted anthers – included stigma’ and vice versa. I have not come across these two different flower types/morphs on a single individual.
Based on the above, would it be correct to infer that this tree is a distylous plant exhibiting heterostyly?
In the description of the genus Morinda in Flora of China, the flowers are said to be “bisexual and distylous”.
Flora of China further states that “Morinda includes a notable range of breeding systems (Johansson, Opera Bot. 122: 1-167. 1994), but most of the species are apparently distylous, with the anthers and stigmas separated and their positions reciprocal between the short-styled and long-styled form of the same species; however, this biology has been sometimes overlooked.”
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As per efi thread :
This species (Morinda exserta Roxb. syn. of Morinda pubescens Sm.) is immediately known by its exsert stamens, half-concealed stigma, and broad-pointed leaves. In all other species figured and described my me, viz. citrifolia, tinctoria, bracteata, multiflora, and angustiflora the stamens are enclosed and the style exserted.
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As per efi thread:

-the original M.tinctoria [of Linnaeus] is not found in the Boriivali N.P. It is cultivated for its dye near Nagpur.
the M.tinctoria [of other authors] is actually M.tinctoria var. tomentosa which is now included in M.pubescens.
M.citrifolia is a coastal species, but in Bombay 2 specimens can be seen at the Zoo and at the Prince of Wales Museum. 
These references are included in Dr.Almeida’s ‘ Flora of Maharashtra’  Vol 3.
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As per efi thread (Slightly modified):

Morinda citrifolia

Morinda pubescens Syn. Morinda tinctoria var. tomentosa

Corolla lobes acute, glabrous;

Leaves glabrous, indistinctly transversely veined.

Bark smooth.

Syncarps of pyrenes turn more yellow; 1-2.5cm winged.

Usually cultivated, grows as an escape

Corolla lobes obtuse short, hairy in upper half;

Leaves tomentose or pubescent, distinctly transversely veined

Bark vertically fissured.

Syncarps more septate blackish than yellow; 3cm across, not winged

Common throught in Maharashtra.

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Morinda citrifolia L. : Attachments (6). 5 posts by 4 authors.
Saw this species of Morinda citrifolia in a private garden in Mumbai with only one solitary flower. Last week I had sent Morinda pubescens which can be compared. I am sure … will agree that this one is also resembling a soccer ball but looks like the one loosing shape after thrashing of 7 goals by the Portugal team.!!

Really A great humour!! Morinda citrifolia indeed !!


I think you are right. I see a lot many trees of Morinda pubescens on Vetal Tekdi Pune but not a single one of M.citrifolia. Thanks for sharing.
I have compiled some differences between the two.
The point about venation of leaves…… I am not able to differentiate in whatever species I have seen so far.

Morinda citrifolia

Morinda pubescens Syn. Morinda tinctoria var. tomentosa

Corolla tube densely pilose inside, lobes acute, glabrous;

Leaves glabrous, indistinctly transversely veined.

Bark smooth.

Syncarps of pyrenes turn more yellow; 1-2.5cm winged.

Usually cultivated, grows as an escape

Corolla tube glabrous on either side, lobes obtuse short, hairy in upper half;

Leaves tomentose or pubescent, distinctly transversely veined

Bark vertically fissured.

Syncarps more septate blackish than yellow; 3cm across, not winged

Common throught in Maharashtra.


Thank you …or this compilation. Dr. Almeida’s flora does not mention venations distinction at all ! However the leaves shape and texture distinctions are detailed. In ‘Trees of Mumbai’ book the common name of this tree is mentioned as Aal, all parts of the tree have medicinal properties. Further interesting bit I quote pg. 5 -” The leaves are used to heal ulcers. They are also used as fodder and to rear silkworms. The fruits and tender leaves are eaten by tribals during food scarcity. The Aal tree is promoted as a food supplement and health enhancer in the Konkan region. the tree is planted for shade and also to support pepper vines.”



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ID confirmation MS180211 – 10- Morinda citrifolia:
Morinda citrifolia.  Medium sized tree.
Photos taken on 18.2.2011.
Location : Manasagangothri campus, Mysore


–  Yes, it is M. citrifolia.


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Morinda citrifolia:
Can any one tell me from where i can get the fruits of Morinda citrifolia. (preferably in North India)

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Morinda citrifolia_RKC01_08072012:
No images visible now.
Morinda citrifolia L.
Rubiaceae
Photographed at: Near Nha Trang City, Vietnam
Date: July, 2012


very nice pictures. i like two backgrounds one black and the other blue of the sky. it seems you have the same choice.



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mo-RIN-duh — from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)
sit-rih-FOH-lee-uh — having leaves like Citrus

May 9, 2008 … at Veermata Jeejabai Bhosale Udyan, Mumbai
commonly known as: Canary wood (Australia), great morinda, Indian mulberry, large-leaved morinda, noni (Hawaii), nonu (Samoa), pain killer tree (Caribbean) • Bengali: hurdi • Gujarati: સુરંગી surangi • Hindi: आल aal, बारतुन्डी bartundi • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Konkani: बारतोंडी bartondi • Malayalam: ചെറുമഞ്ജനാത്തി cerumanjjanaaththi • Marathi: आल aal, बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindre • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, மஞ்சட்பாவட்டை manchatpavattai, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డిచెక్క maddi chekka, తగర tagara, తొగరు togaru
Native to: Southeast Asia
References: Flowers of IndiaTop TropicalsNPGS / GRINFurther Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar
more views: May 9, 2008 … at Veermata Jeejabai Bhosale Udyan, Mumbai


Very nice pictures of NONI. Recently popularized medicinal plant
I have seen this only in Veermata Jijabai Udyan Mumbai same as where you have spotted it. Its brother M.pubescens is a much commoner wild plant in Pune



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Rubiaceae Week : Morinda citrifolia Mumbai:
Morinda citrifolia from rani Bagh Mumbai.


Very Clear Picture of fruits


Very good pictures. Is it the samefruit used in NONI Health Drink?


Yes … it is the famous medicinal plant.



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Rubiaceae Week :: Morinda citrifolia at Mumbai:
This is my first post of Rubiaceae week.
Bot. name: Morinda citrifolia.
Family: Rubiaceae
Date/Time: 08-05-2010/ 05:30PM
Location: Veer Jijamata Udyan, Mumbai
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Nice to see Complete Set



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Rubiaceae week: Great morinda – lush and beautiful from Someshwara #AR12:
Come June and it’s time to welcome the monsoons which announces its arrival with a burst of rainfall, sometimes accompanied by thunder and lightning. Soon, everything turns green and what a sight the trees make looking lush and beautiful as they receive their first dunking.
This time, while at the Someshwara beach, west coast, we got to witness and experience the beauty of the monsoons., we saw this lovely specimen of a tree some 100 meters from the beeach that bore both flowers and fruits.

Flowering / fruiting tree – Great morinda, Morinda citrifolia, Noni
Great morinda,
Morinda citrifolia
Noni
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noni
Family: Rubiaceae
Genus: Morinda
Species: M. citrifolia
Habitat: coastal region
Place: Someshwar beach, Mangalore
Date: Jun 8, 2008

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Info on Morinda citrifolia :  3 posts by 2 authors.
Would appreciate any information on Morinda citrifolia also known as the Aal tree in India. I have already looked at the more commonly available internet sources.
I am interested in its range, ecosytem habitat, its uses, extraction and harvesting and any photos of the tree etc.


You can see efi page for some of the informations: Morinda citrifolia


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sometime ago I had written to the group asking for any information regarding AalMorinda citriolia.
here is the link to my recent article in Hindu on Kotpad textiles which use Aal roots for the red dye.
http://www.thehindu.com/sundaymagazine/article43.ece
comments and feedback welcome.


In this communication Aal is referred as Morinda citrifolia. I feel experts should check the veracity of this.

AL is referred as Morinda coreia syn. Morinda tinctoria in the book FIELD GUIDE to the common trees of India by P. V. Bole and Yogini Vaghani.
The species name tinctoria suggests that dye is obtained from this tree. Kotpad Textiles use this dye.
The site related to Kotpad Textiles (https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-colours -and-motifs-of-kotpad-textiles-dastkari-haat-samiti/) also mentions erroneously aal as Morinda citrifolia.


I have not come across any mention of Morinda citrifolia yielding a dye.
Awaiting more comments from experts on this subject.

Commonly Morinda coreia  (Synonym Morinda tinctoria) is used as a dye.

Morindone is used for the dyeing of cotton, silk and wool in shades of red, chocolate or purple. The colouring matter is found principally in the root bark and is collected when the plants reach four to six years of age.


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Morinda Fruits : Mumbai : 070713 : AK-5 : 1 correct image. 4 posts by 3 authors.

Morinda fruits seen in Mumbai.
The first seen at Jijamata Udyan, picture taken on 8/7/2008. There are many trees in the garden, tiny white flowers.
The second seen at SGNP, growing wild, picture taken on 29/7/12 during TAW walk.
Not seen the flowers of this species, only round fruits.
Which one of the two is Bartondi?
Morinda citrifolia, M pubescens, M tomentosa, M tinctoria.
Can someone explain which is the actual name, which is a Syn? Sorry for posting both together.

The one in Jijamata is Morinda citrifolia (Noni) whereas the other one growing wild is Morinda pubescens (Bartondi)



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Tree for id (iii) : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (6).
Bangalore 2nd May

Looks like Morinda citrifolia..


Thank you very much


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Morinda citrifolia submission : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (5) – around 500 kb each.
Morinda citrifolia
Noni fruit/ Cheese fruit/ Indian Mulberry
Family – Rutaceae
Photographed at Bangalore, Karnataka
Dated – 9January2019

very nice crisp clear pictures, thank you. i am greedy i would have liked to have seen the full tree, trunk and bark… with your kind of clarity in pics.



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MS/1/2020/2 – ID of the Noni plant (Morinda citrifolia ) ? : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (6)
Kindly identify the tree: Could be Morinda citrifolia
Date/Time-  2017 
Location-Place, Bogadi Mysore
Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- Wild  : Cultivated in a garden
Plant Habit-Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- Herb : Tree 
Height/Length-   15 ft

Other recipients:
I hope you’re right Swamy Ji, With regards.
I hope you’re right

Yes I agree. Morinda citrifolia


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Swamy/New series/ID/71 – Morinda citrifolia: 8 images.
Forwarding herewith the photographs of Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as NONI. Photographed in Mysore near my house.


https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m—z/r/rubiaceae/morinda/morinda-citrifolia


Is there wild distribution in your area?


Thanks … for the important query. I have seen these trees cultivated in the city (gardens and farms). I have not seen them in the forests on the outskirts of the city .



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References: