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Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl. 987 1753. (Syn: (=) Xanthium americanum Walter; (=) Xanthium canadense Mill.; (=) Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw; (=) Xanthium chinense Mill.; (=) Xanthium commune Britton; (=) Xanthium cylindraceum Millsp. & Sherff; (=) Xanthium echinatum Murray; (=) Xanthium echinellum Greene & Rydb.; (=) Xanthium indicum J. Koenig ex Roxb.; (=) Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush; (=) Xanthium italicum Moretti; (=) Xanthium macrocarpum var. glabratum DC.; (=) Xanthium occidentale Bertol.; (=) Xanthium orientale L.; (=) Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.; (=) Xanthium pungens Wallr.; (=) Xanthium saccharatum Wallr.; (=) Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder; (=) Xanthium speciosum Kearney; (=) Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray; (=) Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist; (=) Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum (Moretti) D. Löve; (=) Xanthium vulgare Hill);
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ZAN-thee-um — yellow … Dave’s Botanary stroo-MAR-ee-um — swelling (tumor in reference to the seedpods) … Dave’s Botanary . commonly known as: broad bur, burdock datura, clotbur, rough cockleburr • Gujarati: godrian • Hindi: छोटा धतूरा chota dhatura, छोटा गोखुरू chota gokhuru, घाघरा ghaghra, संखाहुली sankhahuli • Kannada: ಮರುಳೂಮ್ಮತ್ತಿ maruluummatti • Marathi: घागरा ghagara, शंकेश्र्वर shankeshrvar • Sanskrit: अरिष्ट arishta, मेध्य medhya, सर्पक्षी sarpakshi • Tamil: மருளூமத்தை marul-umattai • Telugu: మరులుతీగె marulutige . Distribution: widely distributed; exact native range obscure . Large herb Annual about 1m in height.
Stem branches rough hairy. Leaves serrate alternate 5-8 cm ovate acute triangular or lobed’ appressed hairy. Flower heads 0.4-0.8mm across. Green when young in terminal and axillary spikes.Barren heads crowded at apex. Fertile heads fewer. Fruits 2cm long with 2 erect mucronate beaks covered with hooked prickles. Achenes 1cm bye 0.4 cm oblong or ovoid. Compressed black. .
Xanthium strumarium (Rough Cocklebur, Clotbur, Common Cocklebur, Large Cocklebur, Woolgarie Bur) is a species of annual plants belonging to the Asteraceae family.[1] The species is monoecious, with the flowers borne in separate unisexual heads: staminate (male) heads situated above the pistillate (female) heads in the inflorescence.[4] The pistillate heads consist of two pistillate flowers surrounded by a spiny [involucre]. Upon fruiting, these two flowers ripen into two brown to black achenes and they are completely enveloped by the involucre, which becomes a [bur]. The bur, being buoyant, easily disperses in the water for plants growing along waterways. However, the bur, with its hooked projections, is obviously adapted to dispersal via mammals by becoming entangled in their hair. Once dispersed and deposited on the ground, typically one of the seeds germinates and the plants grows out of the bur.
(From Wikipedia on 9.6.13)
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Xanthium indicum:
Xanthium indicum Syn Xanthium strumarium Family : Asteraceae Marathi : Shankeshwar शंकेश्वर A weed common on roadside Observed flowering in open areas around Pune city last few days Large herb Annual about 1m in height. Stem branches rough hairy. Leaves serrate alternate 5-8 cm ovate acute triangular or lobed’ appressed hairy. Flower heads 0.4-0.8mm across. Green when young in terminal and axillary spikes.Barren heads crowded at apex. Fertile heads fewer. Fruits 2cm long with 2 erect mucronate beaks covered with hooked prickles. Achenes 1cm bye 0.4 cm oblong or ovoid. Compressed black. Yes the identification is correct, but I fail to understand how Xanthium strumarium, a much earlier name be synonym and X. indicum, the accepted name I may be complete wrong but grin shows Xanthium indicum to be the syn of X strumarium but I felt is not the accepted name
Agreed it has to be vice versa. Thanks for pointing out that. Even The plant list has something else to say. I cant go more deeper in that context. There are many provisions in ICBN to conserve names which may actually be wrong.
Article 14.2.of ICBN says, “Conservation aims at retention of those names which best serve stability of nomenclature”. Stability like, the name of family Orchidaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 64. 4 Aug 1789. is conserved against Orchidaceae Adanson, Fam. des plantes 2: 68 1763. Just based on the popularity of usage, Xanthium indicum may be considered conserved, but it is not yet conserved, as atleast the plant list or GRIN doesnt consider them as same.
For this particular case, it is yet to be resolved according to The Plant List and both are till now considered distinct species with Xanthium indicum Roxb. is an unresolved name but synonymous with Xanthium inaequilaterum DC..
WHEREAS
Xanthium strumarium L. Sp. Pl. 987 1753 is an unresolved name.
But interestingly Xanthium strumarium (without any author) is accepted name according to the Plant List, with X. chinense Mill. as synonym I am tired of pointing out corrections to them. Xanthium strumarium Elliott Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 479 (1823). Yes … I found it out from IPNI and Compositae Checklist. Here in Maharashtra we get mostly one species i.e. Xanthium strumarium L. Yes … X. strumarium L. and X. indicum Roxb. are same species as per most databases and publication, but looking at the fact that X. indicum was described from India nearly more than 200 years and X. strumarium described in Clarke Compositae Indicae nearly 150 years ago, it may not be appropriate to call is an introduced weed at this stage. Sirji i guess people called the same species as X. indicum instead of X. strumarium before Clarke cleared the things. Yes that must be true Please find the lectotype of Xanthium strumarium attached for reference. … can you please check if this is the same which grows in Maharastra. yes this what we find in Maharashtra and adjoining area.. Can anyone please get the protologue of Xanthium indicum from Hortus Bengalensis? I remember during our school days we used to throw the seed pods on the back of our friends and enjoy the sight. In scientific terms you were actually dispersing its seeds, which is the usual way of doing it, otherwise in nature, it get stuck to other animals or even human beings and get dispersed. In technical terms exozoochory Though the post has the ID agreed, it remains unconcluded in anticipation of getting the protologue of Xanthium indicum from Hortus Bengalensis. Hopefully someone may be able to provide.
Xanthium strumarium L. from Kamrup district (Metro), Assam: Yes … Nice photographs.
Xanthium indicum (Asteraceae).
These spiny inflructescences get stick to animals as Velcro and get disseminated to long distances.
A noxious, foetid weed.
Yes a very common weed in plains This is Xanthium strumarium.
Yah Historical Plant……………. same story here also. We used to keep dry fruits below the taat-patti also (on which we used to sit, as no benches were there) So, it turns out to be a very popular plant with lots of sweet nostalgic memories.
Asteraceae Fortnight Part 2-Discoid heads:: Xanthium indicum SMP14 : Attachments (4). 5 posts by 4 authors. Very fine pictures of this common weed. Beautiful macro…loved the first one I think we should go with Xanthium strumarium L. as correct name updated in March 2012 on GRIN website. Thanks … Important developments in nomenclature……..noted. Thanks again.
ZAN-thee-um — yellow … Dave’s Botanary
stroo-MAR-ee-um — swelling (tumor in reference to the seedpods) … Dave’s Botanary commonly known as: broad bur, burdock datura, clotbur, rough cockleburr • Gujarati: godrian • Hindi: छोटा धतूरा chota dhatura, छोटा गोखुरू chota gokhuru, घाघरा ghaghra, संखाहुली sankhahuli • Kannada: ಮರುಳೂಮ್ಮತ್ತಿ maruluummatti • Marathi: घागरा ghagara, शंकेश्र्वर shankeshrvar • Sanskrit: अरिष्ट arishta, मेध्य medhya, सर्पक्षी sarpakshi • Tamil: மருளூமத்தை marul-umattai • Telugu: మరులుతీగె marulutige Distribution: widely distributed; exact native range obscure References: Flowers of India • GRIN • Wikipedia • Further Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar at Vaghbil, Thane between 25 DEC 07 and 05 NOV 11 Yes … Nice photographs
Yes, very good pictures.      Asteraceae Fortnight Part 2-Discoid heads: Xanthium strumarium from Delhi and Kashmir -GS64 : Attachments (5). 1 post by 1 author. Xanthium strumarium L. syn: Xanthium indicumJ. Koenig ex Roxb.
Coomon weed in Delhi also photographed from Kashmir.
Asteraceae Week (Part II – Discoid heads) :: Xanthium indicum at Satara Maharashtra :: PKA30:: : Attachments (1). 3 posts by 2 authors. Common weed photographed at the roadside at Yavteshwar near Satara.
Bot.Name: Xanthium indicum
Family: Asteraceae Local name: Shankeshwar X. strumarium should be the correct name.
HP, Oct 2014 :: Requesting ID – Roadside plant :: ARKDEC-28 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
Requesting to please provide ID of this roadside plant member captured near Kullu, HP in October 2014. Xanthium strumarium
efloraofindia:”For Id” small wild plant with thorns at Talegaon Dabhade :Dec 2015: MR-04 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Talegaon Dabhade Pune Dec 2015
Requesting to Id this wild plant with thorns, no flowers were seen. I have only one pic Please check Xanthium strumarium… The thorny structures are fruits…. Thank you for the Id . Yes it matches well with Xanthium strumarium.
Please ID this plant : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
Place : Vizag
Date: Nov 1 2017
Both pictures belong to same plant, please Identify it. Nice images. I know this plant very well but unable to recall it’s botanical name. We used to play with it in our childhood by sticking these fruits on others clothes. Used to call it as Karkenta. This should be Xanthium strumarium. Yes, you are right, …       Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) from Haryana.. : 4 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (6) Here i have been adding some images of very common plant Xanthium strumarium showing discoid heads clearly. Common plant but wonderful shots. nice. habit pictures?    
request Species ID 111009 DKV 3 – indiantreepix | Google Groups    Xanthium strumarium L. : 9 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)- 2 mb each. Location: Ranimahal, Palpa
Date: 25 September 2019
Elevation:453 m.
Habit : Wild
Nepali Names :भेडे कुर्रो Bhede Kurro/ खन्घरा Ghangharaa/ कास्तोलो Kaastolo/ कुच कुचे Kuch Kuche/करोनी Karonee/ दग्ने कुरो Dagne Kuro/ जुम्ली कुरो Jumlee Kuro
Attachments (1)- 2 mb. Attachments (1)- 5 mb. yes. suffered a great deal with these clinging to socks and long pants during trekking or just wandering near small streamsand thick but its supposed to have many uses in various ethnomedical users
Absolutely and some more stickers as well ! Those sticklers …thay are the gifts we recieve for appreciating them. Of course … Natures’s gft after all ! some other burs were inspiration for Velcro If I remember Yes …!
SD280718+2 : 4 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Kindly assist with the ID of this plant
Location: Pali district, Rajathan. Elevation of location 211 metres Difficult to id in vegetative stage.
Xanthium strumarium L ??
I think you are right, … . Xantnium straumorium: 3 high res. images. Pl check spellings. It is Xanthium strumarium Yes . Xanthium strumarium L. :: Waghbil, Thane, Maharashtra :: Nov 15, 2008 · JUN23 DV60: 1 image. Mix of plants in this observation.
Earlier uploaded at efloraofindia.
Many thanks to Radha Veach for validating the ID at iNaturalist.
. Xanthium strumarium L. :: Waghbil, Thane, Maharashtra :: Oct 19, 2008 · JUN23 DV82: 4 images. Xanthium strumarium L.
Waghbil, Thane, Maharashtra :: Oct 19, 2008 · 3:38 PM IST :: about 3 m (10 ft) asl
Many thanks to Radha Veach for validating the ID at iNaturalist Yes from me also. Seen in many places in my place. . Xanthium strumarium L. :: Waghbil, Thane :: Dec 25, 2007 · JUN23 DV299: 1 image. Xanthium strumarium L.
Waghbil, Thane :: Dec 25, 2007 · 2:45 PM IST :: about 3 m (10 ft) asl
Many thanks to Dr. Eby Abraham for suggesting the ID at flickr, and to Radha Veach for validating the ID at iNaturalist.
Earlier uploaded at efloraofindia . Xanthium strumarium L. :: Suruchi beach, Vasai :: Feb 23, 2023 · JUN23 DV466: 2 images. Xanthium strumarium L.
Suruchi beach, Vasai :: Feb 23, 2023 · 10:26 AM IST :: about 12 m (39 ft) asl
Many thanks to Shiwalee Samant, Arnab Kumar Samanta and Bharat Godambe for validating the ID at iNaturalist . Asteraceae: Xanthium strumarium L.:
synonym: Xanthium occidentale Bertol. location/date: (1: fruit) Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, October 1994; (2) Jabalpur Distr., Madhya Pradesh, October 1994 . References:
GRIN Annonated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal Flora of China The Plant List 1 (Xanthium strumarium L.- Unresolved) The Plant List 2 (Xanthium indicum Roxb.- Unresolved) Flowers of India Wikipedia Xanthium strumarium |
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