Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine, Kew Bull. 16:172. 1962 (Syn: (=) Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees; (≡) Barleria auriculata Schumach. (basionym); (=) Barleria longifolia L.; (≡) Hygrophila schulli M. R. Almeida & S. M. Almeida);
.
hy-GRO-fill-uh — Greek: hugros (moist), philo (love), refers to affinity for moist soil … Dave’s Botanary
aw-rik-yoo-LAY-tuh — shaped like an ear, eared … Dave’s Botanary 
.
commonly known as: long-leaved barleria, marsh barbel, water thorn • Bengali: গোকুলকাঁটা gokulkanta, কুলেখাড়া kulekhara, স্হুলমর্দন shulamardan • Gujarati: એખરો ekharo, કાંટા શેરિયો kanta sheriyo, તાલીમખાના talimkhana • Hindi: भानकरी bhankari, गोखुरू gokhuru, गोक्षुर gokshur, कोकिल आंख kokil-ankh, ताल मखाना tal makhana, त्रिकट trikat, त्रिवर्णक trivarnak • Kannada: ಬಯಲು ಮುಳ್ಳು bayalu mullu, ಗೋಕಂಟಕ gokantaka, ಗೋಕ್ಷುರ gokshura, ಹೊಳೆ ಚುಳ್ಳಿ hole chulli, ಕೊಳಗುಳಿಕೆ kolagulike, ಕೋಕಿಲಾಕ್ಷ kokilaksha, ನೀರುಪ್ಪಿ niruppi • Konkani: कळसो kalaso, कोळसुंदो kolsundo • Malayalam: ചെറിയ ഞെരിഞ്ഞില്‍ cheriya njerinjilu‍, നീർച്ചുള്ളി neerchulli, വയൽച്ചുള്ളി vayalchchulli • Marathi: गोक्षुर gokshura, कोळिस्ता kolista, कोळसुंदा kolsunda, सरांटा saranta, तालीमखाना talimkhana, विखारा vikhara • Nepali: ताल मखाना taal makhaanaa • Odia: ଅତିଚ୍ଛତ୍ରକ atichchhatraka, ବହୁକଣ୍ଟକ bahukantaka, ବଜ୍ର କଣ୍ଟକ bajra kantaka, ଘନଫଳ ghanaphala, କଣ୍ଟୀ kanti, କୋଇଲିଖିଆ koilikhia, କୁଳିକା kulika, ପାଣି pani, ପିଚ୍ଛିଳା pichchhila • Punjabi: ਫੂਲ ਮਖਾਣਾ phul makhana, ਤਾਲਮਖਾਣਾ talmakhana • Sanskrit: अतिछत्त्रक ati-chattraka, भद्रकण्ट bhadra-kanta, भिक्षु bhiksu, छत्त्र chattra, चित्रकण्टक citra-kantaka, धनस्यक dhanasyaka, गर्जाफल garja-phala, घनद्रुम ghana-druma, घनफल ghana-phala, गोकण्ट go-kanta, ग्रन्थिल granthila, गृध्रनखी grdhra-nakhi, हिंसा himsa, इक्षुगन्धा iksu-gandha, इक्षुर iksura, काकनास kaka-nasa, काण्डेक्षु kandeksu, कण्टफल kanta-phala, कोकिलाक्ष kokilaksa, कोकिलनयन kokila-nayana, क्षुर ksura, कुलिक kulika, महाङ्ग mahanga, मेघस्तनिताद्भव meghastanitadbhava, मृदुफल mrdu-phala, मुदिरफल mudira-phala, पदन्यास pada-nyasa, पत्त्रगुप्त pattragupta, पयस्विनी payasvini, पिकेक्षणा pikeksana, प्रावृस्य pravrsya, सृगालघण्टी srgala-ghanti, शृङ्गाट srngata, शृङ्खली srnkhali, स्तनितफल stanita-phala, शुक्लपुष्प sukla-puspa, स्वादुकण्ट svadu-kanta, त्रिकट tri-kata, तुम्बी tumbi, वज्रकण्टक vajra-kantaka, वज्राक्षी vajraksi, वज्रस्थि vajrasthi, विकङ्कट vi-kankata, विकण्टक vi-kantaka, विरतरु vira-taru, व्याघ्रपाद vyaghra-pada, व्यालदंष्ट्रक vyala-damstraka • Tamil: நீர்முள்ளி nir-mulli • Telugu: ఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleru, కోకిలాక్షము kokilaksh amu, కోకిలాక్షి kokilakshi, నీటి గొబ్బి niti gobbi, నీటి మల్లి niti malli, నీరు గొబ్బి neerugobbi, నిర్గువి వేరు nirguvi-veru, వనశృంగాటము vana-sringatamu • Tulu: ಬಯಲು ಮುಳ್ಳು bayalu mullu • Urdu: بهانکري bhankari, گوکهرو gokhuru, ترکٿ trikat, ترورنك trivarnak
Names compiled / updated at
https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2023/03/hygrophila-auriculata-schumach-heine.html
.
This is an annual herb or under shrub, it grows to a height of about 60 cms.
Generally the plant is found on wet places.
The stem is square and thickened at nodes and hairy.
The bark is dark brown. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, hispid and sessile.
The flowers are bluish purple.
The capsules are 1 cm. long, linear oblong, pointed glabrous, and about 8 seeded.
Seeds are dark brown, hairy and spherical.
The powdered seeds with water forms a gel.
The flowering season is September-March.
.
Usage:
In Ayurveda the leaves, seeds and the roots are used for treatment of rheumatism, urinary tract infection, inflammation, jaundice, hepatic obstruction, pain, etc.;
In India, its seeds, roots, and panchang (panch = five ang = parts, i.e. root, flower, stem, fruit, and leaves as ash burnt together) are used as a medication in ayurveda;
According to literatures available to me the leaves and the root are used to treat anemia & jaundice;
we buy them as bhaji in bundles in Bengal… the specialty bhaji vendors bring them in… usually 8 inches at least , wash, pick, cut off ends chop roughly wash profusely before and after chopping, being careful of the thorns, put in a large pan, cover with drinking water, slowly bring to a boil and cook for 20 mins atleast… or steam in a pressure cooke, process in a mixer and get the pulp.. treat it as if its a soup…salt, other spices make it palatable… if you use this method u can use thorns and all …
otherwise… see below:
ALTERNATLEY… pick the leaves and tender shoots, steam for 20 minutes, mash with fingers add salt, onions mustard oil and mix with one or two gulps worth of cooked rice and eat… ;
.

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Talimkhana flower-200111MN:
It is from a marsh land in Dombivli near to our house.
Name : Hygrophila auriculata
Family : Acanthaceae
Common name : Marsh barbel (English) Talimkhana (Hindi)
Others : Seen in marsh land.


– This plant is common in marshy places in our area too, this is Hygrophila auriculata I suppose.


– I was knowing it as Hygrophila schulli. On checking it on GRIN it is the synonym and as written by … Hygrophila auriculata is the accepted name. Am I right?
Attaching my pictures taken near Kaas plateau.


Perhaps the correct name needs to be explored further, since after the publication of Kew Plant List, it would be advisable to follow this list for all plants in our database. GRIN considers Hygrophila schulli M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida as illegitimate as well as superfluous name, and as such correct name as H. auriculata (Schum.) Heine. Kew list, however, recognises both as independent accepted names. If so, how are two differentiated, and what is above plant?


I would like to state the following reference I did for Hygrophila schulli. Dr Almeida’s flora Vol IV A , pg :51 has given the valid name for the pictures posted as Hygrophila schulli ( Buch.-Ham) Almeida & Almeida. Published in Journal of Bombay natural history society. 83 (suppl.) 221, 1986. One of the synonym being H. auriculata (Sch.) Heine. Published in Kew Bull. 16:172,1962.
As mentioned by Sir, Kew plant list considers Hygrophila schilli (Buch.-ham) Almeida and Almeida as valid. The morphological detailed description in the flora completely matcheds the plants posted.
The most prominent charactersitics being that of sharp yellow spines 2.5- 4 cm long in the leaf axils. Flowers in whorls of 8 ( in 4 pairs) at each node, bracts about 2.5 cm long, like the leaves, lanceolate, hairy and ciliate….corolla purple


-blue….


– eFlora of Pakistan gives following local names for H. auriculata
Talmakhana, gokula. kanta, gokshura


-one more common name for the plant under discussion, forgot to mention earlier is *Kolsunda* besides Talimkhana, as mentioned in Dr. Almeida’s flora.


-I also do not know the meaning. It is a medicinal plant. It is also called by the name Talam Khana.



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Request for species id, DKV 230211-1:
Seen growing near a stream
Mhow, Indore, Madhya Pradesh

– This is Marsh Barbel [Hygrophila schulli] locally called Talimkhana.


Asteracantha longifolia is a synonym of Hygrophila schulli.


– Also know as Talimkhana or Kokilaksha. Its member of Acanthaceae plant family.
This is an annual herb or under shrub, it grows to a height of about 60 cms.
Generally the plant is found on wet places.
The stem is square and thickened at nodes and hairy.
The bark is dark brown. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, hispid and sessile.
The flowers are bluish purple.
The capsules are 1 cm. long, linear oblong, pointed glabrous, and about 8 seeded.
Seeds are dark brown, hairy and spherical.
The powdered seeds with water forms a gel.
The flowering season is September-March.

Usage:
In Ayurveda the leaves, seeds and the roots are used for treatment of rheumatism, urinary tract infection, inflammation, jaundice, hepatic obstruction, pain, etc.
So basically, entire plant is useful.


– Acc to the Wikipedia article: This plant is native to India. In India, its seeds, roots, and panchang (panch = five ang = parts, i.e. root, flower, stem, fruit, and leaves as ash burnt together) are used as a medication in ayurveda.
Plenty of info here:
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Marsh%20Barbel.html


– Sending my photographs of the same.


– This plant grows as weed in our locality in Rice fields.



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Flora of Haryana: Hygrophila schulli from a roadside area Munak Road Karnal:
Hygrophila schulli
shot from a roadside area in Karnal, Wildly growing upto hight of about 2.5 feet

Acanthaceae Week-Talimkhana: Sending photos of Talimkhana. The plant grows in marsh land. This is the
food plant of caterpillars of Pansies and Grass blue butterflies.
Place : Dombivli
Date : 25.12.2010


we were taught this is call Kokilaksha…I wonder if its the same?


If I am not wrong Asteracantha longifolia is known as Talmakhana


Yes…, you are right
Asteracantha longifolia Nees (syn: A. spinosa T. Anders.)
In addition to Talimkhana in Hindi and Mar., the plant is also known as Kokilaksha (Sans.), Kullakhara (Beng.), Neerugubbi (Tel) and Nirmulli (Tam.).


Is it Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine syn. Asteracantha longifolia Nees <http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2656480> as per link: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2856665
or
Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R.Almeida & S.M. Almeida (तालीमखाना talimkhana ) as per efi link:

/species/a—l/a/acanthace…


It is Hygrophila schulli  (Buch.-Ham.) M. R. & S. M. Almeida (Acanthaceae)
It is very common in marshy areas

 Synonyms:
Bahell schulli Buch.-Ham.,
Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees in Wall.,
Barleria longifolia L.,
Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine,

A.longifolia have many medicinal properties the tribals people of jharkhand uses this plant decoction


yes its Hygrophila schulli  (Buch.-Ham.) M. R. Almeida & S. M. Almeida an medicinal plant (seeds)



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Acanthaceae Week – aquatic plant – Hygrophila schulli:
Likely – a Hygrophila schulli Syn Hygrophila auriculata Height 3 feet Native Shrub
8th Feb 2010
Mulepetlu village, Krishnaraja nagar, Mysore
Backwaters of Krishraja sagar dam (Brindavan gardens)
(Sangam of the river trio cauvey, Hemavathi, Lakshman theertha)
After the monsoon draws to a close, the backwaters of the Krishnarajasagar dam (Mysore District), flood the river plains swamping the paddy fields with water.
In February, the waters start receding and these aquatic plants start emerging everywhere in the low area. But this bloom is short lived. Soon the farmers till the land for summer crops removing all these weeds.


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Flora of Kaiga_ID_30092011 PJ1.: Flora of Kaiga_ID_Please_30092011 PJ1.
This commonly grows near water bodies/river bank.

Date/Time-:29/09/10 – 08:30
Location- Place, Altitude – Kaiga , Uttar Kannada ,Karnataka, 380 mtrs
Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- wild
Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- Herb
Height/Length- 1m


Hygrophila schulli of Acanthaceae family.


Yes …. One thing interesting i found is that, i shot this plant twice or thrice in Haryana and everytime i found Chameleon on these plants. any relationship in between these two??


At least here in Kerala or Karnataka I haven’t seen Chameleon on this plant yet.
This species is available in a good number in paddy fields and marshy habitats here.



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Kas week : Hygrophila schulli SMP:
Hygrophila schulli
Family : Acanthaceae


 


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Acanthaceae week: Hygrophila auriculata:
via Species‎ > ‎H‎ > Hygrophila auriculata

Flowers of IndiaDiscussions at efloraofindiamore views in flickrmore views on Google Earth 
commonly known as: marsh barbelBengali: স্হুলমর্দন shulamardanGujarati: એખરો ekharo, કાંટા શેરિયો kanta sheriyo,તાલીમખાના talimkhana • Hindi: भानकरी bhankari, गोक्षुर gokshur, कोकिल आंख kokil-ankh, क्षुर kshura, ताल मखाना tal makhana, त्रिकट trikat, त्रिवर्णक trivarnakKannada: ಗೋಕಣ್ಟಕ gokantaka, ಗೋಕ್ಷುರ gokshuraKonkani: कोळसुंदो kolsundoMalayalam: bahel-schulliMarathi: एखरा ekhara, गोक्षुर gokshura, कोळिस्ता kolista, कोळसुंदा kolsunda, सरांटा saranta,तालीमखाना talimkhanaOriya: koilakhaPunjabi: ਤਾਲਮਖਾਣਾ talmakhanaSanskrit: अतिछत्त्रक ati-chattraka, भद्रकण्ट bhadra-kanta, भिक्षु bhiksu, छत्त्र chattra, चित्रकण्टक citra-kantaka, धनस्यक dhanasyaka, गर्जाफल garja-phala, घनद्रुम ghana-druma, घनफल ghana-phala, गोकण्ट go-kanta, ग्रन्थिल granthila, गृध्रनखी grdhra-nakhi, हिंसा himsa, इक्षुगन्धा iksu-gandha,इक्षुर iksura, काकनास kaka-nasa, काण्डेक्षु kandeksu, कण्टफल kanta-phala, कण्टकिनी kantakini, कोकिलनयन kokila-nayana,कोकिलाक्षः kokilaksah, क्षुर ksura, कुलिक kulika, महाङ्ग mahanga, मेघस्तनित megha-stanita, मृदुफल mrdu-phala, मुदिरफल mudira-phala, पदन्यास pada-nyasa, पत्त्रगुप्त pattragupta, पयस्विन payas-vin, पिकेक्षणा pikeksana, प्रावृस्य pravrsya,सृगालघण्टी srgala-ghanti, शृङ्गाट srngata, शृङ्खली srnkhali, स्तनितफल stanita-phala, शुक्लपुष्प sukla-puspa, क्ष्वदंष्ट्रा sva-damstra, स्वादुकण्ट svadu-kanta, त्रिकट tri-kata, तुम्बी tumbi, वज्रकण्टक vajra-kantaka, वज्रश्रृङ्खलिका vajra-srnkhala, वज्राक्षी vajraksi, वज्रस्थि vajrasthi, विकङ्कट vi-kankata, विकण्टक vi-kantaka, विरतरु vira-taru, व्याघ्रपाद vyaghra-pada, व्यालदंष्ट्रक vyala-damstrakaTamil: நீர்முள்ளி nir-mulliTelugu: ఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleru, కోకిలాక్షి kokilaksi, వనశృంగాటము vana-sringatamu
botanical names: currentHygrophila auriculatasynonyms: Asteracantha longifolia, Barleria auriculata, Barleria longifolia, Bahel schulli, Hygrophila schulli, Hygrophila spinosa, Ruellia longifolia

…, beautiful flower. The leaves of this plant is used in the treatment of arthritis.



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Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) from Hooghly:
Attaching this medicinal plant that we call KULEKHANRA / KULEKAANTAA in Bengali.

Species : Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.)
Habit & Habitat : wild herb, also in home-yard
Date : 17/03/2012 & 21/03/2012

kulekhara does wonders for anemia in all ages and both men and women…
thanks for showing the thorns with the flowers…

Now villagers know that it is useful in treating anemia and some of them grow it in their backyard also.


… Ramkrishna Mission outreach program , and a few NGOs worked very hard for last 10 years or so to get the information out … many Vidyas did voluntary work at grass roots level and the radio and TV DD Bangla did its part… Very happy to see it giving results… Many Allopathic MDs are also “prescribing/suggesting ” many of these household readily available saags for various home food daily habits…


Yes, Madam, all those efforts by NGOs, medical practitioners and various Govt. organisations are spreading awareness of common homemade remedies, besides we have our grannies’ traditional wisdom.


Which part of the plant is used in treating anemia?


According to literatures available to me the leaves and the root are used to treat anemia & jaundice. Maybe … tell us more.


we buy them as bhaji in bundles in Bengal… the specialty bhaji vendors bring them in… usually 8 inches at least , wash, pick, cut off ends chop roughly wash profusely before and after chopping, being careful of the thorns, put in a large pan, cover with drinking water, slowly bring to a boil and cook for 20 mins atleast… or steam in a pressure cooke, process in a mixer and get the pulp.. treat it as if its a soup…salt, other spices make it palatable… if you use this method u can use thorns and all …
otherwise… see below:
ALTERNATLEY… pick the leaves and tender shoots, steam for 20 minutes, mash with fingers add salt, onions mustard oil and mix with one or two gulps worth of cooked rice and eat…

third alternative is to juice and drink… but I am not an advocate of it… here.. grows in muddy slopes … too many infectious variables… including Bovine E coli 0157 and Shiga toxins… and hemolytic uremic syndrome… so just cook …. best way



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Asteracantha longifolia:
can anyone please guide me as to where can i get asteracantha longifolia in North India….??


.


[Efloraofindia_ hygrophila auriculata_021111PD03_ Flora of Odisha]:
sending the photograph of hygrophila auriculata from Ranpur
Name of the species: Hygrophila auriculata Syn. Asteracantha longifolia
Family: Acanthaceae
Place of collection: Ranpur, Odisha
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Wild, grasslands
Altitude: 150 m above msl


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KAS week::(Hygrophila schulli- 12/10/2012-NJ):
Hygrophila schulliMarsh Barbel (Talimkhana – Marathi)


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Flora of Madhya Pradesh: Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R.Almeida & S.M. Almeida from Maihar:
Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R.Almeida & S.M. Almeida from Maihar



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Plz id this wild flower: pa76 – 7jan2013:
Plz id this wild flower seen on the ground in Mankhurd region. I did not see any leaves of this herb, only these few flowers is what i saw.


These look like the flowers of Marsh Barbel [Hygrophila schulli] locally called Talimkhana.


Thank you … for identifying this plant also.



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140212 BRS310:
Pl. find the attached file contain photos for id. request.

Date: 11.02.2012
Location: Sadivayal, Coimbatore
Habitat: Cultivated land
Habit: herb

Hygrophila schulli of Acanthaceae family


Yes Hygrophila schulli



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Sholavandan ? Lamiaceae herb / 070214 TBN Feb 2 for id : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (4).
Please identify this plant details of which are as follows:

Date : 04/02/14                                                         
Location :Kamakshipuram, Sholavandan, Madurai
Altitude :less than 300 ft
Habitat :along irrigation channel in paddy fields
Habit :herb/ shrub
Height :2 to 3 ft

Leaves :whorled
Flowers 😕 labiate pink

Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine
Synonym: Hygrophila schulli M. R. Almeida & S. M. Almeida
Family: Acanthaceae
Tamil Name: Neer mulli நீர் முள்ளி
There is an another form with white flowers.

… is correct.


Yes Hygrophila auriculata
The thorny plant near water bodies.


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Satara, Oct 2014 :: Requesting ID validation – Hygrophila (?) :: ARKNOV-22 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4).
Requesting to please validate ID of this plant captured near Satara, Maharashtra in October 2014.
Is this Hygrophila auriculata?


yes
kolkilakashi in sanskrit or kulekhara in bengali
H. hygrophila or auriculata synonyms
very popular home remedy to provide organically available iron



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ANNOV61 Which Hygrophila sp.? : 6 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (8)

Bangalore outskirts
November 2014


Could be Hygrophila schulli ??, but lets wait for more comments..


seems to be what we know as Kulekhada
available with daily herb sellers in vegetable markets of bengal
Kolkilakshi of Ayurveds
and I find it a bit bewildering to go thru so many synonyms: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrophila_auriculata

H. schulli only


Thank you … I’ll label my kulekhada plant pics as such


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Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine from Meghalaya ) KD 01 Dec : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (5)
Attached images may be Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine (Syn . Asteracantha longifolia Nees). Please validate.

Date :27.10.2014
Location: Meghalaya
Family : Acanthaceae
Genus & species : Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine
Habitat: Grows wild on hilly area
Habit :Herb

Yes, Hygrophila auriculata.


Kulekhada in Bangla
an important source of bioavailable iron : believed by local herbologists/kabiraj..
i dont know if chemical analysis proves presence of bioavailable iron..
but works well to improve anemia in young and old homo sapiens : personal observation… (not just rats as reported)



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HYGROPHILA AURICULATA : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Attaching an image of Hygrophila auriculata.



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The only Hygrophila with spine is Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine.


yes … kulekhara
imp herb for anemia remedy

This is Hygrophila schulli.



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Acanthaceae Fortnight: Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine from Meghalaya -KD 05 Mar 2015 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (4)
Attached images are Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine from Meghalaya.

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Acanthaceae Fortnight :: Hygrophila schulli :: MK MAR 002 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
Name: Hygrophila schulli (Hamilt.) M.R.Almeida & S.M. Almeida
Family: Acanthaceae
Location: Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli Dist., TN
Habitat: agricultural wetland
Alt.: 120 m asl
Date: 15 March 2014

Very beautiful pictures …


Thank you … This plant is found growing densely near agricultural fields and in marsh lands.



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Acanthaceae Fortnight:: Hygrophila auriculata :: NSJ-13 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (4)
Hygrophila auriculataMarsh barbel (Marathi- Talimkhana) from Satara

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Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine
at Pirojshanagar on September 23, 2007
at Sajjangad on October 19, 2007
at CBD Hills on November 26, 2011


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This aquatic, spiny herb is occasional in undisturbed places, present shots recorded from my native place, Kaithal Haryana..
Hygrophila auriculata..


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Acanthaceae Fortnight : Hygrophila auriculata : Nasik : 31MAR15 : AK-45 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Seen growing wild in Nasik.

 


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Acanthaceae Fortnight ::Hygrophila schulli :: Navi Mumbai::: PKA-MAR105/105: : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (3)
Hygrophila schulli from Navi Mumbai.

 


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via Species‎ > ‎A‎ > Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine … family: Acanthaceae

Flowers of India Discussions at efloraofindia more views in flickr more views on Google Earth
hy-GRO-fill-uh — Greek: hugros (moist), philo (love), refers to affinity for moist soil … Dave’s Botanary
aw-rik-yoo-LAY-tuh — shaped like an ear, eared … Dave’s Botanary 
commonly known asmarsh barbel • Bengaliস্হুলমর্দন shulamardan • Gujaratiએખરો ekharoકાંટા શેરિયો kanta sheriyoતાલીમખાના talimkhana • Hindiभानकरी bhankari,गोक्षुर gokshurकोकिल आंख kokil-ankhक्षुर kshuraताल मखाना tal makhanaत्रिकट trikatत्रिवर्णक trivarnak • Kannadaಗೋಕಣ್ಟಕ gokantakaಗೋಕ್ಷುರ gokshura • Konkani:कोळसुंदो kolsundo • Malayalamവയൽച്ചുള്ളി vaya schulli • Marathiएखरा ekharaगोक्षुर gokshuraकोळिस्ता kolistaकोळसुंदा kolsundaसरांटा sarantaतालीमखाना talimkhana • Oriyaକୋଇଲିଖିଆ koilikhia • Punjabiਤਾਲਮਖਾਣਾ talmakhana • Sanskritकोकिलाक्षः kokilaksah • Tamilநீர்முள்ளி nir-mulli • Teluguఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleruకోకిలాక్షి kokilaksiవనశృంగాటము vana-sringatamu 
… and more names in Sanskritअतिछत्त्रक ati-chattrakaभद्रकण्ट bhadra-kantaभिक्षु bhiksuछत्त्र chattraचित्रकण्टक citra-kantakaधनस्यक dhanasyakaगर्जाफल garja-phala,घनद्रुम ghana-drumaघनफल ghana-phalaगोकण्ट go-kantaग्रन्थिल granthilaगृध्रनखी grdhra-nakhiहिंसा himsaइक्षुगन्धा iksu-gandhaइक्षुर iksuraकाकनास kaka-nasaकाण्डेक्षु kandeksuकण्टफल kanta-phalaकण्टकिनी kantakiniकोकिलनयन kokila-nayana, , क्षुर ksuraकुलिक kulikaमहाङ्ग mahangaमेघस्तनित megha-stanitaमृदुफल mrdu-phalaमुदिरफल mudira-phalaपदन्यास pada-nyasaपत्त्रगुप्त pattraguptaपयस्विन payas-vinपिकेक्षणा pikeksanaप्रावृस्य pravrsyaसृगालघण्टी srgala-ghantiशृङ्गाट srngataशृङ्खली srnkhaliस्तनितफल stanita-phalaशुक्लपुष्प sukla-puspaक्ष्वदंष्ट्रा sva-damstraस्वादुकण्ट svadu-kantaत्रिकट tri-kataतुम्बी tumbiवज्रकण्टक vajra-kantakaवज्रश्रृङ्खलिका vajra-srnkhalaवज्राक्षी vajraksi,वज्रस्थि vajrasthiविकङ्कट vi-kankataविकण्टक vi-kantakaविरतरु vira-taruव्याघ्रपाद vyaghra-padaव्यालदंष्ट्रक vyala-damstraka 
botanical namesHygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine … synonymsAsteracantha auriculata Nees • Barleria auriculata Schumach. … and many more at The Plants List (2013). Version 1.1. 


This is great…Wonderful …


I forgot to mention the date and place … October 19, 2007 … Sajjangad


hy-GRO-fill-uh — Greek: hugros (moist), philo (love), refers to affinity for moist soil … Dave’s Botanary
aw-rik-yoo-LAY-tuh — shaped like an ear, eared … Dave’s Botanary

commonly known as: long-leaved barleria, marsh barbel, water thorn • Bengali: গোকুলকাঁটা gokulkanta, কুলেখাড়া kulekhara, স্হুলমর্দন shulamardan • Gujarati: એખરો ekharo, કાંટા શેરિયો kanta sheriyo, તાલીમખાના talimkhana • Hindi: भानकरी bhankari, गोखुरू gokhuru, गोक्षुर gokshur, कोकिल आंख kokil-ankh, ताल मखाना tal makhana, त्रिकट trikat, त्रिवर्णक trivarnak • Kannada: ಬಯಲು ಮುಳ್ಳು bayalu mullu, ಗೋಕಂಟಕ gokantaka, ಗೋಕ್ಷುರ gokshura, ಹೊಳೆ ಚುಳ್ಳಿ hole chulli, ಕೊಳಗುಳಿಕೆ kolagulike, ಕೋಕಿಲಾಕ್ಷ kokilaksha, ನೀರುಪ್ಪಿ niruppi • Konkani: कळसो kalaso, कोळसुंदो kolsundo • Malayalam: ചെറിയ ഞെരിഞ്ഞില്‍ cheriya njerinjilu‍, നീർച്ചുള്ളി neerchulli, വയൽച്ചുള്ളി vayalchchulli • Marathi: गोक्षुर gokshura, कोळिस्ता kolista, कोळसुंदा kolsunda, सरांटा saranta, तालीमखाना talimkhana, विखारा vikhara • Nepali: ताल मखाना taal makhaanaa • Odia: ଅତିଚ୍ଛତ୍ରକ atichchhatraka, ବହୁକଣ୍ଟକ bahukantaka, ବଜ୍ର କଣ୍ଟକ bajra kantaka, ଘନଫଳ ghanaphala, କଣ୍ଟୀ kanti, କୋଇଲିଖିଆ koilikhia, କୁଳିକା kulika, ପାଣି pani, ପିଚ୍ଛିଳା pichchhila • Punjabi: ਫੂਲ ਮਖਾਣਾ phul makhana, ਤਾਲਮਖਾਣਾ talmakhana • Sanskrit: अतिछत्त्रक ati-chattraka, भद्रकण्ट bhadra-kanta, भिक्षु bhiksu, छत्त्र chattra, चित्रकण्टक citra-kantaka, धनस्यक dhanasyaka, गर्जाफल garja-phala, घनद्रुम ghana-druma, घनफल ghana-phala, गोकण्ट go-kanta, ग्रन्थिल granthila, गृध्रनखी grdhra-nakhi, हिंसा himsa, इक्षुगन्धा iksu-gandha, इक्षुर iksura, काकनास kaka-nasa, काण्डेक्षु kandeksu, कण्टफल kanta-phala, कोकिलाक्ष kokilaksa, कोकिलनयन kokila-nayana, क्षुर ksura, कुलिक kulika, महाङ्ग mahanga, मेघस्तनिताद्भव meghastanitadbhava, मृदुफल mrdu-phala, मुदिरफल mudira-phala, पदन्यास pada-nyasa, पत्त्रगुप्त pattragupta, पयस्विनी payasvini, पिकेक्षणा pikeksana, प्रावृस्य pravrsya, सृगालघण्टी srgala-ghanti, शृङ्गाट srngata, शृङ्खली srnkhali, स्तनितफल stanita-phala, शुक्लपुष्प sukla-puspa, स्वादुकण्ट svadu-kanta, त्रिकट tri-kata, तुम्बी tumbi, वज्रकण्टक vajra-kantaka, वज्राक्षी vajraksi, वज्रस्थि vajrasthi, विकङ्कट vi-kankata, विकण्टक vi-kantaka, विरतरु vira-taru, व्याघ्रपाद vyaghra-pada, व्यालदंष्ट्रक vyala-damstraka • Tamil: நீர்முள்ளி nir-mulli • Telugu: ఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleru, కోకిలాక్షము kokilaksh amu, కోకిలాక్షి kokilakshi, నీటి గొబ్బి niti gobbi, నీటి మల్లి niti malli, నీరు గొబ్బి neerugobbi, నిర్గువి వేరు nirguvi-veru, వనశృంగాటము vana-sringatamu • Tulu: ಬಯಲು ಮುಳ್ಳು bayalu mullu • Urdu: بهانکري bhankari, گوکهرو gokhuru, ترکٿ trikat, ترورنك trivarnak

botanical namesHygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine … homotypic synonymsBarleria auriculata Schumach. … heterotypic synonymsAsteracantha auriculata Nees • Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees • Barleria longifolia L. • Hygrophila longifolia (L.) Kurz nom. illeg. • Hygrophila schulli M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida, nom. superfl. • Hygrophila spinosa T.Anderson • Ruellia longifolia (L.) Roxb., nom. illeg. • Bahel schulli Buch.-Ham., nom. superfl. … POWO

Bibliography / etymology

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
long-leaved barleria
marsh barbel
water thorn
  • for Hygrophila spinosa T.Anderson … Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
গোকুলকাঁটা gokulkanta, কুলেখাড়া kulekhara
স্হুলমর্দন shulamardan
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
એખરો ekharo
કાંટા શેરિયો kanta sheriyo
તાલીમખાના talimkhana
  • WISDOM LIBRARY – the greatest source of ancient and modern knowledge
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
भानकरी bhankari, गोखुरू gokhuru (or गोखरु gokhru), त्रिकट trikat, त्रिवर्णक trivarnak
गोक्षुर gokshur (or क्षुर kshura), कोकिल आंख kokil-ankh, ताल मखाना tal makhana
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
ಬಯಲು ಮುಳ್ಳು bayalu mullu, ಹೊಳೆ ಚುಳ್ಳಿ hole chulli
ಗೋಕಂಟಕ gokantaka, ಕೊಳಗುಳಿಕೆ kolagulike (or ಕೊಳವಳಿಕೆ kolavalike, ಕೊಳವಂಕೆ kolavanke), ಕೋಕಿಲಾಕ್ಷ kokilaksha, ನೀರುಪ್ಪಿ niruppi
  • Alar – an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
  • Mandayam Digital Library – Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar
ಗೋಕ್ಷುರ gokshura
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
कळसो kalaso, कोळसुंदो kolsundo
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
ചെറിയ ഞെരിഞ്ഞില്‍ cheriya njerinjil‍
  • Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with this name … efloraofindia
നീർച്ചുള്ളി neerchulli, വയൽച്ചുള്ളി vayalchulli
  • Many thanks to Sam Kuzhalanattu for help with “vayalchulli” name … efloraofindia
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
एखरा ekhara, कोळिस्ता kolista (or कोळिस्त्रा kolistra), तालीमखाना talimkhana (or तालमखाना talamkhana)
गोक्षुर gokshura, सरांटा saranta
कोळसुंदा kolsunda
विखारा vikhara
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~
ताल मखाना taal makhaanaa
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
ଅତିଚ୍ଛତ୍ରକ atichchhatraka, ବଜ୍ର କଣ୍ଟକ bajra kantaka, କୋଇଲିଖିଆ koilikhia, କୁଳିକା kulika
ବହୁକଣ୍ଟକ bahukantaka, କଣ୍ଟୀ kanti, ପାଣି pani
ଘନଫଳ ghanaphala
ପିଚ୍ଛିଳା pichchhila
~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~
ਫੂਲ ਮਖਾਣਾ phul makhana, ਤਾਲਮਖਾਣਾ talmakhana
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
अतिछत्त्रक ati-chattraka, शृङ्गाट srngata
  • for Barleria longifolia L. … Learn Sanskrit – पठत संस्कृतम् – शब्दकोशः
छत्त्र chattra, गर्जाफल garja-phala, घनद्रुम ghana-druma, घनफल ghana-phala, गोकण्ट go-kanta, गृध्रनखी grdhra-nakhi, काण्डेक्षु kandeksu, कण्टफल kanta-phala
  • for Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees … Learn Sanskrit – पठत संस्कृतम् – शब्दकोशः
भद्रकण्ट bhadra-kanta, भिक्षु bhiksu, चित्रकण्टक citra-kantaka, धनस्यक dhanasyaka, हिंसा himsa, इक्षुगन्धा iksu-gandha, इक्षुर iksura, काकनास kaka-nasa, कोकिलाक्ष kokilaksa, महाङ्ग mahanga, मेघस्तनिताद्भव meghastanitadbhava, मुदिरफल mudira-phala, पदन्यास pada-nyasa, पत्त्रगुप्त pattragupta, पिकेक्षणा pikeksana, प्रावृस्य pravrsya, सृगालघण्टी srgala-ghanti, शृङ्खली srnkhali, स्तनितफल stanita-phala, स्वादुकण्ट svadu-kanta, त्रिकट tri-kata, तुम्बी tumbi, वज्रकण्टक vajra-kantaka, वज्राक्षी vajraksi, वज्रस्थि vajrasthi, विकङ्कट vi-kankata, विकण्टक vi-kantaka, व्याघ्रपाद vyaghra-pada, व्यालदंष्ट्रक vyala-damstraka
  • Learn Sanskrit – पठत संस्कृतम् – शब्दकोशः
ग्रन्थिल granthila, कोकिलनयन kokila-nayana, क्षुर ksura, कुलिक kulika, मृदुफल mrdu-phala, पयस्विनी payasvini, शुक्लपुष्प sukla-puspa
विरतरु vira-taru
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
ᱜᱩᱠᱷᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ gukhla janum

~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~

நீர்முள்ளி nir-mulli
  • for Hygrophila spinosa T.Anderson … Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
ఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleru
  • for Ruellia longifolia (L.) Roxb. … A Telugu-English dictionary by Charles Philip Brown … or ఏనుగ పల్లేరు enuga palleru
కోకిలాక్షము kokilaksh amu, కోకిలాక్షి kokilakshi, నీటి గొబ్బి niti gobbi, నీటి మల్లి niti malli, నీరు గొబ్బి neerugobbi, నిర్గువి వేరు nirguvi-veru
వనశృంగాటము vana-sringatamu
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
ಬಯಲು ಮುಳ್ಳು bayalu mullu
~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~
بهانکري bhankari, گوکهرو gokhuru, ترکٿ trikat, ترورنك trivarnak
~~~~~ x ~~~~~

Malayalam names are Ok, correct English spellings for Malayalam names are cheriya njerinjilvayalchulli.


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here are some more

… I am referring the Telugu names found in the books written by Prof.R.S.Rao (Director)and K.Hemadri  of BSI , they are well versed in local language, their mother tongue is also telugu. 

Hygrophila auriculata is known as నీరుగొబ్బి , కోకిలాక్షి not ఏనుగు పల్లేరు enugu palleru 

Pedalium murex L., is known as ఏనుగు పల్లేరు

Tylophora indica known as కక్కుపాల/కక్క  in telugu kakku కక్కు means vomit, when the leaf is chewed/ eaten the phlegm will come out in the form of vomit, hence known as కక్కుపాల, palu/pala means milk as Asclepiadaceae members secrete milky latex it is known as కక్కుపాల,, 

మేక మెయ్యని ఆకు -Meka meyyani aaku means goats desists to eat this plant., verri pala-వెర్రి పాల, vetti paala  పాల   

Cheilocostus speciosus (J.König) C.Specht …Costus speciosus (J.König) Sm:కేవుకిన్న,కేవుకంద,బోకఛ్చిక 

Butea monosperma – moduga మోదుగ

Sterculia villosa: కవిలి,నారపొలికి, కుమ్మరపొలికి, వక్కునార

Sterculia urens: కొవిలి, కొండతామరచెట్టు, తపసి, తప్సి , ఎర్ర పొలికి,

Shall I go through the species of this site, and write the names in telugu

then I mail them family wise

Thank you for giving me some opportunity to help in the compilation


Thank you very very much … Great help. Will soon add / revise my notes.


here are some additions/ corrections that are already published in the given link

Bacopa monnieri సంబరేణి, జలబ్రహ్మి, చిలుకకూర 

Barleria prionitis– ముళ్ల గోరింట

Citrus medica మాదీఫలం, ఆమ్లకేసర not puram

Couroupita guianensis  నాగలింగ 

Crotalaria juncea జనుము 

Cucurbita moschata తియ్య గుమ్మడి , పెద్ద గుమ్మడి  

Digera muricata చెంచలాకు/చెంచలికూర 

Excoecaria agallocha it is తిల్ల not తెల్ల(tella means white)

Gloriosa superba -నాభి 

Homonoia retusa-అడవి గన్నేరు   

Hygrophila ringens not చాదు  it is సాదు గొబ్బి 

Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. nela gummudu,నేలగుమ్ముడు, పాల గుమ్ముడు, విదారికంద paala gummudu, vidaari kanda 

Ichnocarpus frutescens –Nalla teega, koram pala, manitivva  నల్లతీగ, కొరంపాల, మానితివ్వ

Lagerstroemia speciosa -chennangi, varagogu, waragogu చెన్నంగి,వారగోగు 

Ledebouria revoluta –Kachu gadda కాచుగడ్డ.

Leucas lavandulifolia- pulatummi పూలతుమ్మి 

Portulaca oleracea L., also known as Pappukura, పప్పుకూర,(in rayala seema area) గంగాబాయిలికూర(In Telangana area)gangabaili kura

Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC.also known as  vidaari kandaవిదారి కంద 

Solanum melongena  it is very popularly known as vankaayalu/ vanga  వంకాయలు/వంగ  only  


you are wonderful. Great help for me !!
I will work with your inputs and correct my notes at the earliest.



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Acanthaceae Id from Bangladesh_SM_1401 : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
Flowering: January
Habitat: Fellow land (wet place)
Habit: Herb (Spiny)

Its Hygrophila auriculata


Thanks, …, Yes, I also feel close to images at Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine


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Hygrophila auriculata-for sharing and validation : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (5)
Photos taken at Aamby valley Rd., Off Lonavala, Pune in Sep and Nov.17. I am confident about the id. but tell me if wrong.

thank you. nice fresh flowers and those spines! what i get  mostly is what i can buy in the shaak market and search for bundles that have flowers.


Yes. To me also appears close to images at

also known as Kulekara in Bengali. adding here just to keep the Bengali name here.

has many synonyms on our own page link given by …

Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine, Kew Bull. 16:172. 1962 (Syn: (=) Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees; (≡) Barleria auriculata Schumach. (basionym); (=) Barleria longifolia L.; (≡) Hygrophila schulli M. R. Almeida & S. M. Almeida);



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Prantik, W.B.- Jan 09; Narshapur, AP on 18/10/08; at Nilje near Mumbai, on 22.2.09; at SNGP, Borivli, Mumbai on 4th Oct 09; Karnagar, Dist. Midnapore, West Bengal: 21/12/2007; Pench tiger Reserve on 20-11-04; on 15-10-09 at Aarey colony area- Goregaon- Mumbai; At Nagoan, Alibag- 11 Dec, 2010; 1st of November, 2007: Nasik;
Prabalmachi  between Matheran and Panvel Date: November 30, 2019 … Altitude: about 390 m (1,280 ft) asl
Hygrophila auriculata  (Schumach.) Heine

important in ethnic pain remedies



Hygrophila auriculata : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (11)
Presenting Hygrophila auriculata With a difference.
In Surat, 03 01 2020


This was second sighting of white flowered plants.
It was a population having plants with purples and plants with whites.
Other than color, I cd not find any difference.



https://08511630493324166816.googlegroups.com/attach/4044f80c0471a/IMG-20200307-WA0030.jpg?part=0.1&view=1&vt=ANaJVrHKU6vlMLHnUD0XqA8q3kOCV8rjUBd0GD9LQ9wDE6amyHbNHE_B-3P1kJ3bdwPDDXDLZhMHHrSFLSSCGmUbzh7KB01vL-8bYyl9EFqX2Go2_UPoTyc

MS/3’2020/1 ID of the plant : 6 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
Please confirm the Id of the plant  or otherwise.

Photographs sent by a person in Chennai.
Waste land  weed.
Suggested ID by me: Hygrophila schulli or Hygrophila phlomoides  


Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine,
only as per mine,

It is Hygrophila auriculata only; very common here because the water is dried it is also deformed;


25032020EPT63 : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (3) – around 500 kb each.

Presenting for ID
Location : Javadhu hills, Eastern Ghats
Elevation : 3600 feet
Taken on 12.02.2020

Please check Hygrophila auriculata, Acanthaceae


Other recipients:
Looks matching ! Thank you. Saroj Kasaju
Looks matching !

I too agree with …



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Small blue bilabia flower of Odisha : 9 posts by 5 authors. 2 images.

Photo prise le 09/02/2020 in Odisha-India
I try to determine this plant in the Lamiaceae family but without success…
Can you help me?

Scrophulariaceae ?? Mazus sp.?


Hygrophila auriculata

Acanthaceae
Hygrophila auriculata

Thank you both for this super fast response!

Hygrophila auriculata seems to me to correspond perfectly!
I attach another photo taken at Chhattisgarh which is I think of the same species.
Can you confirm?

For me it looks like Hygrophila schulli.

Thanks for your response.
For “Plant List” Hygrophila schulli is a synonym of Hygrophila auriculata.


Hygrophila auriculata – Marsh barbel : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (2)
Found this close to the ground, on a river side field.
Hygrophila auriculata
Common Name – Marsh barbel
Date – 17-Oct-2020 
Place  – Tamhini, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra
Habitat –  Wild
Plant Habit – Shrub-Herb
Height – 1-2 feet
Leaves – elliptic-lanceolate, hispid and sessile
Flowers Colour – purple, white

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Santali name(s) of Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine:
Please help me with the Santali name – gukhla janum of Hygrophila spinosa T.Anderson … synonym of Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine in Ol Chiki script.
Reference: A Santali-English dictionary by A. Campbell, of the Santal mission


The transcription for gukhla janum shall be ᱜᱩᱠᱷᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ


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Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine :: Waghbil, Thane, Maharashtra :: Jul 3, 2021 · 7:47 AM IST: 1 image.
Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine
Waghbil, Thane, Maharashtra :: Jul 3, 2021 · 7:47 AM IST :: about 3 m (10 ft) asl


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Hygrophila schulli M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida: 1 high res. image.

synonyms: Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine, Hygrophila spinosa T.Anders., Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees
location/date: Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, October 1994



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References: