Justicia trinervia

Justicia trinervia Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 156 156 1804. (Syn: Adhatoda trinervia (Vahl) Nees; Dicliptera trinervia (Vahl) Juss.; Nicoteba trinervia (Vahl) Lindau);
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¿ nee-KOH-tay-bah ? — anagram of the epithet betonica; could not find reasoning
try-NER-vee-uh — three-veined … Dave’s Botanary
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commonly known as: three-nerved squirrel tail • Kannada: ಸಣ್ಣ ಆಡುಸೋಗೆ sanna aadusoge • Konkani: धाकटो अडुलसो dhakto adulso • Malayalam: ചെറിയ ആടലോടകം cheriya aadalodakam • Marathi: लहान अडुळसा lahan adulasa • Odia: ଛୋଟ ବାସଙ୍ଗ chottha basanga • Tamil: சின்ன ஆடாதோடை chinna atatotai • Telugu: చిన్న అడ్డసరము chinna addasaramu
Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2025/06/nicoteba-trinervia-vahl-lindau.html
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J. trinervia and J. betonica are two distinct species: the former is generally a low-lying procumbent herb with narrow leaves, whereas the latter species is a taller, erect herb/subshrub/shrub reaching 2 m high, with ovate-lanceolate leaves. (nevertheless, the bracts are similar-looking: scarious with green nerves in both the species);
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Images by J.M.Garg (Validated by Shrikant Ingalhalikar & Vijayasankar Raman) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)

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Justicia trinervia? – indiantreepix | Google Groups : 8 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)
On 17/8/08 in Talakona forest, AP. Here is a link for its drawing & synonyms:
Aluka


It could be Justicia adhatoda locally called Adulsa


Thanks, …, for the feedback.

It (Justicia adhatoda) is stated to be a 1-3 m high, branched shrub. But my posted plant is a low prostrate herb with small leaves compared to 10-20 cm size leaves for Justicia adhatoda. Here is a Wikipedia link for Justicia adhatoda: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicia_adhatoda


Yes, it looks to be J. trinervia but the season does not tally. I am not aware if this plant occurs in AP.


For me also this looks like Justicia trinervia, owing to the narrow leaves and linear spikes.
In J. nilgherrensis, a high altitude species with stout rootstock, the bracts larger (0.5 inch or more long) whereas in this sp it is just half of it.
Pl. also refer key provided by Gamble (Fl. Madras 2: 1075) for more clarity.

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I am attaching the photos for the confirmation of ID.
Justicia nilgherrensis (Acanthaceae)
Habit: A procumbent herb with a woody stem and rootstock.
Place: Shervaroyan Hills, Salem Dist., Tamil Nadu.
DoP: 18-04-2014.

Another confusingly similar species is Justicia trinervia
Pl. check its differences from Justicia nilgherrensis
To me most likely your id is correct.

yes, it is Justicia trinerva only

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Justicia trinervia Vahl
on Kas plateau on September 28, 2008

I think it should be Justicia betonica as per keys at efi thread & details at Justicia betonica and Justicia trinervia


…, to me, definitely not Justicia betonica. The bracts of J. betonica are tell-tale.  J. trinervia may be validated for its correctness.


It’s not J. trinervia as per the following: Justicia trinervia? – indiantreepix | Google Groups

http://florakarnataka.ces.iisc.ernet.in/hjcb2/herbsheet.php?id=113&cat=1
As per these links, images of J. trinervia  in FOI are not correct. … may pl. check.

Thanks … for this validation; the posted plant remains inconclusive for the third time; earlier two posts were 02 FEB 09 and 10 OCT 12.

I read through all posts of our group, related to J. trinervia — it looks like J. betonica gets discussed almost in all of them. Perhaps because
1) the bracts are white with green nerves
2) at The Plants List, J. trinervia is treated as synonym of J. betonica, though not with full confidence.
But I think they are separate species. J. betonica is relatively, quite a tall plant, and not sure if it roots at nodes (as described for J. trinervia).

I do not think it is Justicia betonica.
Many thanks …  for having similar thoughts as mine.
We will wait for comments.

But I think it looks different from images at Justicia trinervia as well as FoPI
I doubt this species has distribution in your area.


Justicia trinerivia Vahl is illustrated in Shrikant ji’s first book – Flowers of Sahyadri. And the posted plant / flower looks quite like it.


Than it should be OK.



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Kas Week :: DV :: 28 SEP 08 – 1211 :: ¿ Justicia trinervia ?:
Kas plateau … about 4000 ft asl
… one of the 39 World Heritage sites in the Western Ghats of India

Date/Time: September 28, 2008 at 12.11pm
Habit: herb, about 30 cm tall
Habitat: lateritic plateau among other small herbs and grass


Right id as per discussion in another thread at Acanthaceae Fortnight :: Justicia trinervia :: Kas plateau :: DVMAR70/81


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Names of Plants in India :: Nicoteba trinervia (Vahl) Lindau: 1 image.

¿ nee-KOH-tay-bah ? — anagram of the epithet betonica; could not find reasoning
try-NER-vee-uh — three-veined … Dave’s Botanary

commonly known as: three-nerved squirrel tail • Marathi: लहान् अडुलसा lahan adulsa

botanical namesNicoteba trinervia (Vahl) Lindau … homotypic synonymsAdhatoda trinervia (Vahl) Nees • Ecbolium trinervium (Vahl) Kuntze • Justicia trinervia Vahl … heterotypic synonymsJusticia nilgherrensis (Nees) Wight ex C.B.Clarke • Nicoteba nilgherrensis (Nees) Lindau … and more at POWO, retrieved 26 June 2025

Bibliography / etymology
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about “where” could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
three-nerved squirrel tail
  • for Justicia trinervia Vahl … for want of name, name coined by Flowers of India, retrieved June 27, 2025
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) … spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
लहान् अडुलसा lahan adulsa
  • for Justicia trinervia Vahl … WISDOM LIBRARY – the greatest source of ancient and modern knowledge
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
*Andhra Pradesh, *Goa, *Karnataka, *Kerala, Maharashtra, *Odisha, *Tamil Nadu; endemic

* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state

~~~~~ Created on: 20:31 26-06-2025 ¦ Last updated: 19:36 27-06-2025 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

Marathi name spelling and its English transcription corrected:
commonly known as: three-nerved squirrel tail • Marathi: लहान अडुळसा lahan adulasa


Names coined for the regional languages …

¿ nee-KOH-tay-bah ? — anagram of the epithet betonica; could not find reasoning
try-NER-vee-uh — three-veined … Dave’s Botanary

commonly known as: three-nerved squirrel tail • Kannada: ಸಣ್ಣ ಆಡುಸೋಗೆ sanna aadusoge • Konkani: धाकटो अडुलसो dhakto adulso • Malayalam: ചെറിയ ആടലോടകം cheriya aadalodakam • Marathi: लहान अडुळसा lahan adulasa • Odia: ଛୋଟ ବାସଙ୍ଗ chottha basanga • Tamil: சின்ன ஆடாதோடை chinna atatotai • Telugu: చిన్న అడ్డసరము chinna addasaramu
botanical namesNicoteba trinervia (Vahl) Lindau … homotypic synonymsAdhatoda trinervia (Vahl) Nees • Ecbolium trinervium (Vahl) Kuntze • Justicia trinervia Vahl … heterotypic synonymsJusticia nilgherrensis (Nees) Wight ex C.B.Clarke • Nicoteba nilgherrensis (Nees) Lindau … and more at POWO, retrieved 26 June 2025

Bibliography / etymology
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about “where” could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
three-nerved squirrel tail
  • for Justicia trinervia Vahl … for want of name, name coined by Flowers of India, retrieved June 27, 2025
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) … spoken in: Karnataka
ಸಣ್ಣ ಆಡುಸೋಗೆ sanna aadusoge
  • name coined, for want of name, on lines of the coined Marathi name … ಸಣ್ಣ sanna = little; ಆಡುಸೋಗೆ aadusoge = name given to Justicia adhatoda L.
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) … spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
धाकटो अडुलसो dhakto adulso
  • name coined, for want of name, on lines of the coined Marathi name … धाकटो dhakto = little; अडुलसो adulso = name given to Justicia adhatoda L.
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) … spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
ചെറിയ ആടലോടകം cheriya aadalodakam
  • name coined, for want of name, on lines of the coined Marathi name … ചെറിയ cheriya = little; ആടലോടകം aadalodakam = name given to Justicia adhatoda L.
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) … spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
लहान अडुळसा lahan adulasa
  • for Justicia trinervia Vahl … name coined, for want of name, by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the author of Flowers of Sahyadri, the first among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ଛୋଟ ବାସଙ୍ଗ chottha basanga
  • name coined, for want of name, on lines of the coined Marathi name … ଛୋଟ chottha = little; ବାସଙ୍ଗ basanga = name given to Justicia adhatoda L.
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) … spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
சின்ன ஆடாதோடை chinna atatotai
  • name coined, for want of name, on lines of the coined Marathi name … சின்ன chinna = little; ஆடாதோடை atatotai = name given to Justicia adhatoda L.
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) … spoken in: Andhra PradeshTelangana, Puducherry
చిన్న అడ్డసరము chinna addasaramu
  • name coined, for want of name, on lines of the coined Marathi name … చిన్న chinna = little; అడ్డసరము addasaramu = name given to Justicia adhatoda L.
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu; endemic
~~~~~ Created on: 20:31 26-06-2025 ¦ Last updated: 16:46 28-06-2025 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~

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References:
Updated on July 2, 2025

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