Fumaria capreolata (Introduced)

Fumaria capreolata L., Sp. Pl. 701 1753. (syn: Fumaria capreolata var. albiflora Hammar; Fumaria capreolata var. atrosanguinea Rouy & Fouc; Fumaria capreolata subsp. babingtonii (Pugsley) Sell; Fumaria capreolata var. babingtonii Pugsley; Fumaria capreolata var. condensata Ball; Fumaria capreolata var. platycalyx (Pomel) Pugsley; Fumaria capreolata var. provincialis Rouy & Fouc; Fumaria capreolata var. speciosa (Jord.) Hammar; Fumaria elegans Jord. ex Nyman; Fumaria leonardi Sennen.; Fumaria pallidiflora Jord.; Fumaria platycalyx Pomel; Fumaria queri Sennen & Pau; Fumaria speciosa Jord.);
Belgium, England, Slovakia, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Austria (I), Denmark
(I), Netherlands (I), Norway (I), Portugal, Spain, Gibraltar, Baleares, France,
Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Sicily, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia &
Hercegovina, Montenegro, Serbia & Kosovo, Macedonia, Albania, Greece (incl.
Kiklades), Crete, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Georgia [Caucasus], Belarus
(I), Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia),
Cyprus (N-Cyprus), East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, ?Egypt, Israel (coastal W-Israel,
Rift Valley, N-Israel), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon),
Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria), Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa),
Madeira (I) (Madeira Isl. (I)), Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran
Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma Isl.), Sikkim (I), India (I), USA (I) (California
(I), Florida (I), New York (I)), Australia (I) (Western Australia (I), South
Australia (I), Queensland (I), New South Wales (I), Victoria (I)), Peru (I),
Ecuador (I), Chile (I), Juan Fdz. Isl. (I), Argentina (I), Uruguay (I), Brazil
(I), Haiti (I), Dominican Republic (I), Bolivia (I) as per Catalogue of Life; 

Fumaria capreolata, the white ramping fumitory,[2] is an herbaceous annual plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia and northern Africa and naturalised in southern Australia, New Zealand, and southern South America.[3] Common names include climbing fumitory, ramping fumitory, white fumitory, white ramping fumitory and white-flower fumitory.[3]

Plants have stems to 1 metre long and sometimes climb. The leaves are pinnatisect. Inflorescences comprise up to 20 purple-tipped white to cream flowers that appear in spring and summer. These gradually become pink after pollination.[4]
Unlike other Fumaria species which are known as weeds of crops and agricultural areas, Fumaria capreolata can become naturalised in areas of natural vegetation and smother low-growing plants, becoming an environmental weed.[5]
(from
    
Diffuse or weak climbing herbs or extensive scramblers about 1 m long. Root stocks taproot. Stem simple or branched, glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves many, linear-oblong in outline, base vaginate, including the petiole, about 4-7 x 1.5-3.5 cm across, petiole about 1.5-3 cm long, bi or tripinnatisect, 3-5, alternate, subopposite, lanceolate-ovate or triangular shaped lateral and terminal pinnae, about 5-15 mm long, terminal pinnae larger than the lateral pinnae, margin erose irregularly, petiolules short, ultimate segments oblong-elliptic, base cuneate, margin subentire, apex obtuse, with mucronate tip, about 5-6 x 2-4 mm across. Inflorescence racemose, axillary or leaf opposed, peduncle about 2-5 cm long, bracts linear, about half the length than pedicels. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, creamy white or pale light pinkish blue tipped with dark blackish purple, rarely dark red, shortly pedicellate, often rigidly arcuate-recurved in fruit, sepals 2, slightly dentate, apex obtuse, about 4-6 x 2-3 mm across, petals 4, outer series dissimilar, connivent, upper petal gibbous, base spurred, apex hooded, about 10-14 mm long, lower petal not spurred, shorter concave and flat, with very narrow erect margin, inner series clawed, keeled, cohering at apex. Stamens 6, in 2 bundles, spur enclosed in a petal, upper bundle produced into a nectariferous gland at the base, anthers dimorphous. Ovary unilocular, subglobose, ovules 1-2, style base articulate, filiform, stigmas shortly bi-lobed or entire. Fruits indehiscent, single seeded nutlet, subglobose obscurely keeled, with 2 apical pits, smooth, about 2.5 mm across. Seeds brown, non arillate.
Fumaria species are susceptible to insect pests, bacterial blights, moulds and rusts.
Introduced from Europe, wild and cultivated in Sikkim Himalayas, altitude 4000-4500 m.
Global Distribution- Asia; Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia; Europe: Albania, Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom; North America: United States of America.
Local Distribution- Sikkim.
(Attributions- Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India from India Biodiversity Portal)

   

 

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Fumaria capreolata from California-GSNOV2016/02 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3)

Sharing images of Fumaria capreolata, a new for our database, photographed from Hayward, California, a weed easily differentiated from other species by its broader leaf segments and larger white flowers around 1 cm long with 2-3 mm long spur and purple tip.

 

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