Primula prolifera Wall., Asiat. Res. 13: 372 1820. (syn: Aleuritia imperialis (Jungh.) J. Sojak; Aleuritia khasiana (I. B. Balf. & W. W. Sm.) J. Sojak; Aleuritia prolifera (Wall.) J. Sojak; Cankrienia chrysantha De Vriese; Cankrienia chrysantha De Vriese; Primula imperialis Jungh.; Primula khasiana I. B. Balf. & W. W. Smith; Primula sumatrana Merr.);
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Arunachal Pradesh, Assam (Meghalaya), Sumatera to Jawa: Assam, East Himalaya, Jawa, Myanmar, Sumatera as per POWO;
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Common name: Golden Candelabra Primrose, Glory of the Bog
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Wall, in As. Research, xiii. 372, t. 3, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey Wall. ii. 18 ; tall, not mealy, leaves 8-16 in. oblanceolate or elongate obovate-spathulate obtuse quite entire or toothed glabrous or puberu¬lous beneath, scape very tall, flowers in superposed whorls, bracts shorter than the pedicels, calyx short, lobes subulate, corolla yellow tube very long, mouth annulate, limb flat, lobes obcordate crenulate, capsule globose included. Duby in DC. Prodr. viii. 34 ; Don Prodr. 81. P. imperialis,, Jungh. ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 1001. Cankrienia chrysantha, de Vriese in Jahrb, der Maatsch. van Tuinb. 1850, 30.
KHASIA MTS., alt. 4-6000 ft., Wallich, &c.—DISTRIB. Java.
Leaves thin, nerves reticulate, petiole broad. Scape 12-18 in., stout, quite erect ; flowers in 2-4 distant whorls, pedicels subequal ; lower bracts sometimes foliaceous. Calyx 1/5 in. long, 5-ribbed. Corolla-tube 1/2 in. Capsule quite glabrous, 1/2 in. diam., not exserted. Seeds rather large, 1/25 in. diam., coarsely papillose.—I can see no difference between the Khasian and Javan plants. The Japanese P. japonica, A. Gray, differs chiefly in the purple flowers. I have not found any specimens of this in Wallich’s Herbarium.
(Attributions- IBIS Flora (FBI))
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Primula prolifera East Himalayan plant from UCBG-GS06022021-1
Primula prolifera Wall.
An Interesting species from Eastern Himalayas, characterized by yellow flowers in successive whorls, whereas in most species of the genus flowers are in terminal umbel on a long scape.
Photographed from University of California Botanical Garden, 22-4-2019.
Also I could not find Primula proliferaWall. in Catalogue of Life and POWO. They mention Lysimachia prolifera Klatt only.
Primula prolifera – Golden Candelabra Primrose (flowersofindia.net)
Primula prolifera Wall. Primula prolifera Wall. Primula prolifera Wall.
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| Near Bumla Pass (13000 ft- alt.), Arunachal; | Primula once again – indiantreepix | Google Groups |
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Primula smithiana ?- – 24022010 JM16- Bhutan Flora: 8 images- mostly high res.
I am attaching old images one by one for identification, as I didn’t have time to post them earlier.
I think these are from Thimphu or nearby tourist places in Bhutan at an elevation of more than 7,500 ft.
Primula prolifera Wall. ??
“Primula prolifera and Primula smithiana are both yellow-flowering candelabra primroses in the primrose family, with Primula smithiana historically considered a synonym or smaller variant of Primula prolifera. [1, 2]
- Taxonomy: Major horticultural authorities like the Royal Horticultural Society classify Primula smithiana as a synonym of Primula prolifera, though some growers keep the old name separate due to differences in habit. [1, 2]“
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:702456-1
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:702633-1
Flora of China (Primula smithiana Craib) and Primula World (Primula prolifera) only list one.
Anyway, I will keep it as Primula prolifera only to minimise confusion.
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POWO Catalogue of Life The Plant List Ver.1.1 Flowers of India India Biodiversity Portal IBIS Flora (FBI) Wikipedia
https://www.barnhaven.com/asiatic-primula/candelabras/pprolifera/
https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/primula-prolifera/
http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Primula/prolifera
https://www.devonpondplants.co.uk/product/primula-prolifera-candelabra-primrose/