Olax scandens

Olax scandens Roxb.,  Pl. Coromandel 2:2, t. 102. 1799 (“1798”) as per GRIN;

Olax scandens Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 2 (1800) (syn: Loranthus securidacoides Warb. ; Drebbelia subarborescens Zoll. ; Olax bador Buch.-Ham. ; Olax imbricata var. cambodiana Pierre ; Olax obtusa BlumeRoxburghia baccata J.Koenig ex Roxb.) as per POWO

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Olax scandens Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 2 1800. (syn: Drebbelia subarborescens Zoll; Fissilia disparilis Comm. ex Valeton.; Fissilia psittacorum Lam.; Olax bador Buch.-Ham.; Olax breonii Baill.; Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl; Roxburghia baccata Koen.) as per Catalogue of Life;   
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India: Along edges of forests, roadsides near streams and in damp shady forests. Uttar Pradesh. Bihar. West Bengal. Orissa, Madhya Pradesh. Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu; Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indo-China, Thailand, Malay Peninsula and Mauritius as per BSI Flora of India;
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Sri Lanka, India (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu), Bangladesh, Laos, Myanmar [Burma] (widespread), Thailand, Vietnam, Java (incl. Kangean, Madura), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali), peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu, Pahang), Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar as per Catalogue of Life;
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OL-aks — smelling; referring to plant’s odorous nature … Wikipedia
SKAN-dens — climbing or sprawling … Dave’s Botanary

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commonly known as
: climbing olax, sprawling olax • Bengali: ককো আরু koko-aru • Gondi: अरदफरी aradphari, कोरपा बाजी korpa bhaji • Hindi: कटीहरी katihari, ढेनिआनी dheniani • Kannada: ಬಾಪನಮುಷ್ಟಿ baapanamushti, ಕರಡು karadu • Kol: रिम्मेल rimmel • Kui: madalkura • Marathi: हरतफरी haratfari, हरडुली harduli, उर्चिर्री urchirri • Odia: ବଦର badara, ଭଦଭଦଳିଆ bhadabhadalia • Santali: ᱦᱩᱱᱰ hund • Tamil: கடலிறஞ்சி kataliranci • Telugu: బాపనముష్టి baapanamushti, మురికి మల్లె muriki malle, తురకవేప turakavepa
Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2023/12/olax-psittacorum-lam-vahl.html

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Habit: Shrub
Habitat: Wild, Dry deciduous to moist deciduous forests
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Description: Scandent shrub, up to 5 m high, leaf simple, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, inflorescence in axillary racemose panicle, flowers white, fruit drupaceous, ovoid.
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Uses: The fresh young leaves are cooked as leafy vegetable and also chewed during mouth ulcer and the fruit is edible when ripe. Apart from this there are many other medicinal uses of this plant reported from this region.
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Olax scandens:
Please find few photos of Fruiting Olax scandens (leaves obtuse, pubserulous beneath, 2-5 inch long; dupre 0.4 inch long – as per Gamble flora) in Bettadabeedu scrub jungle near Mysore, Karnataka. OLACACEAEs two members are in fruiting, in next mail there will be  Ximenia americana.


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311011PD01 Olax scandens Flora of Orissa:
sharing another wild edible fruit plant Olax scandens

Name of the species: Olax scandens
Family: Olaceae
Place of collection: Ranpur, Nayagarh, Orissa
Altitude: 200 m above msl
Habit: Shrub
Habitat: Wild, Dry deciduous to moist deciduous forests
Description: Scandent shrub, up to 5 m high, leaf simple, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, inflorescence in axillary racemose panicle, flowers white, fruit drupaceous, ovoid.
Uses: The fresh young leaves are cooked as leafy vegetable and also chewed during mouth ulcer and the fruit is edible when ripe. Apart from this there are many other medicinal uses of this plant reported from this region.

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QUERY :: name of Olax scandens Roxb. in Hindi:
Various floras and reference books mention the name
dheniani as a name in Hindi for Olax scandens Roxb. Hoping to get this name in Devanagari script.


in my Cal bot garden book …its called in Hindi…DHOUNoKHALI… its spelled out in Bangla script …. .
the devnagri writing would thus be different than dheniani… some regional dialect differences I guess


Yes I too got the same name here. I think we can write it as धेनिआनी or ढेनिआनी in Devnagri script.


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QUERY :: name of Olax scandens Roxb. in Bengali:
Eager to get two Bangla names of Olax scandens Roxb. in native script.

1) dhan … ENVIS / FRLHT
2) koko-aru … Bengal Plants Vol. 1

it ka-ko-aa-ru…in pronouncing it
in script its typed thus in the book

ককো আরু
Bengali Santhals call it CHHANDA
Written thus in Bangla…
SORRY NO MATTER WHAT i DID i COULD NOT COAX THE JOIN=LETTERS, i SEEM TO HAVE FORGOTTEN HOW TO GET THEM IN WORD DOC SYMBOL SET.. VRINDA

I hope the name provided ককো আরু is alright OR is some character is missing ?


no
exact
I copied it from the bengali book… ie looked at each letter in the book and chose the symbols in Vrinda Bengali symbol group in Microsoft word…



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Plants for ID:
Here I am posting pics for ID
plants from Bhandra region.

Does it be Olax sp?

We have concluded it as Olax scandens already


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Climber for ID : 18102013 : RV 2 :  Attachments (3). 2 posts by 2 authors.
Please help to identify this scandent woody gregarious climber saw, in Hampi area of Karnataka…….
this area was full of huge boulders and this plant was growing in large numbers everywhere and birds seems to relish the fruits. Pictures were taken last week. (18.10.13)


Olax scandens


 


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Plant from Chhattisgarh 3 – indiantreepix | Google Groups
Please guide in identification of this medicinal plant used in traditional healing. Image 3


This is Olax imbricata (Olacaceae).  We collected this (only slightly differs from O. scandens, so need to be checked) from Gumma forest in Chhattisgarh.

I think more closer to images at Olax scandens Roxb.



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Olax scandens : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Found in Puthupattu near Pondicherry.

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Tree for id : 8 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1)- 3 mb.
Request for I’d of tree in fruiting from Mahe. The fruits give an appearance of Quercus. May be a false appearance. Photographed in November 2019.

The fruit remind me of Olax scandens

For me also it is Olax species.


Perhaps could be Olax psittacorum


Thanks, …, for the id. To me also appears close to Olax scandens (syn: Olax psittacorum) as per comparative images at Olax


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03-05-2010 / 11:00 AM- Mudumalai WLS- 500 msl- TN;Liane for id 210510MK1 – efloraofindia | Google Groups


Request for ID confirmation- Olax Sp- PKA1-Ngp- 19Aug21: 6 images.
Came across this climbing shrub at the outskirts of Umred (Near Napgur).
Could this be Olax scandens??


Excellent presentation ! For me your ID looks correct.


I agree with you … for Olax scandens,




Pench NP, MP, March 2022 :: Tree/Huge Shrub for ID :: ARK2022-067: 5 images-

This was clicked near Ramtek, Nagpur en routre Pench National Park, MP in March 2022
This was found by the roadside on the highway.

An Olax species,


Can it be Olax scandens?


Yes, appears close to images at Olax scandens Roxb.


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Shrub for id: 3 images.
Request for I’d of a wild shrub from Bilaspur. Photographed today (20.4.22) morning.


Pl. check
https://efloraofindia.com/2011/03/17/olax/


To me appears close to images at Olax scandens Roxb.


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Names of Plants in India :: Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl:
Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl

OL-aks — smelling; referring to plant’s odorous nature … Wikipedia
sit-a-KOR-um — Greek: psittakos (of parrots) … Dave’s Botanarycommonly known as: parrot olax, sprawling olax • Bengali: ককো আরু koko-aru • Gondi: अरदफरी aradphari, कोरपा बाजी korpa bhaji • Hindi: कटीहरी katihari, ढेनिआनी dheniani • Kannada: ಬಾಪನಮುಷ್ಠಿ baapanamushti, ಕರಡು karadu • Kui: madalkura • Marathi: हरतफरी haratfari, हरडुली harduli, उर्चिर्री urchirri • Odia: ବଦର badara, ଭଦଭଦଳିଆ bhadabhadalia • Santal: ᱦᱩᱱᱰ hund • Tamil: கடலிறஞ்சி kataliranci • Telugu: బాపనముష్టి baapanamushti, మురికి మల్లె muriki malle, తురకవేప turakavepabotanical namesOlax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl … synonymsFissilia psittacorum Lam. • Olax scandens Roxb. … and more at Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Last accessed 15/12/2023.

Bibliography / etymology

Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
parrot olax
  • name coined by Flowers of India, for want of name; derived from the epithet psittacorum = of parrots
sprawling olax
  • name coined, for want of name; loose translation of Olax scandens, a synonym of this species
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) … spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ককো আরু koko-aru
  • Many thanks to Dr Usha Desai for help with this name … efloraofindia
  • for Olax scandens Roxb. … BENGAL PLANTS VOL. I by PRAIN, DAVID
~~~~~ GONDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (गोंडी), Gunjala Gondi, Masaram Gondi, Telugu … spoken in: Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana … native name of this language: Koitur
अरदफरी aradphari
कोरपा बाजी korpa baji
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) … spoken in: Uttar PradeshBiharMadhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
ढेनिआनी dheniani
  • or धेनिआनी dheniani … many thanks to Dr Ritesh Kumar Choudhary for help with this name … efloraofindia
  • for Olax scandens Roxb. … BENGAL PLANTS VOL. I by PRAIN, DAVID
कटीहरी katihari
  • for Olax scandens Roxb. … Plants of Bihar Bihar Forestry Development Corporation Limited
  • the name rendered in native script needs validation
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) … spoken in: Karnataka
ಬಾಪನಮುಷ್ಠಿ baapanamushti
ಕರಡು karadu
~~~~~ KUI ~~~~~
written in: Odia (କୁଇ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andhra Pradesh … spoken by the Kandhas … other names for this language: Kandh, Khondi, Khond, Khondo, Kanda, Kodu, Kodulu, Kuinga, Kuy
madalkura
  • for Olax scandens Roxb. … A Manual of Indian Timbers by Gamble, James Sykes
  • for Olax scandens Roxb. … Indian Woods – their identification, properties and uses – Vol. II
  • the name needs to be rendered in native script
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) … spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
हरतफरी haratfari
हरडुली harduli
उर्चिर्री urchirri
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ବଦର badara
ଭଦଭଦଳିଆ bhadabhadalia
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman … spoken in: JharkhandWest Bengal, Odisha
ᱦᱩᱱᱰ hund
  • for Olax scandens Roxb. … BENGAL PLANTS VOL. I by PRAIN, DAVID
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) … spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
கடலிறஞ்சி kataliranci
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) … spoken in: Andhra PradeshTelangana
బాపనముష్టి baapanamushti, మురికి మల్లె muriki malle
తురకవేప turakavepa
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andhra Pradesh, *Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

* no given name / no name found, in the regional language(s) of the state

~~~~~ Last updated: 17-12-2023 ~~~~~
As per POWO, Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl is only reported from Mauritius, Réunion, while Olax scandens Roxb. is reported from India.
CoL gives Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl as a syn. of Olax scandens Roxb.

POWO could be correct, but there are too many sites and resources stating the facts otherwise.
Normally I go with POWO for following my work of compiling names.
In this case, I had to go through some sites to check synonymy among Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl AND Olax scandens Roxb…. immaterial of which is a synonym of which.
That is because: Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl is listed in various Indian research papers and Olax scandens Roxb.is treated as its synonym, … Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl is also listed in Maharashtra Flora  — the point is Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl is considered to be distributed in India, immaterial of  the synonymy among Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl AND Olax scandens Roxb.
In my notes, I have followed – Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora – version 18.3; updated Dec. 11th, 2023; accessed on 15/12/2023…. where Olax scandens Roxb. is listed as synonym of Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl
At GBIF too, Olax scandens Roxb. is listed as a synonym of Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vah


I have revised my notes to reflect Olax scandens Roxb. as the species discussed for its regional names in India.

I was not able to find any paper that clarifies why there was / is a connection between Olax scandens Roxb.and Olax psittacorum.

OL-aks — smelling; referring to plant’s odorous nature … Wikipedia
SKAN-dens — climbing or sprawling … Dave’s Botanary

commonly known as: parrot olax, sprawling olax • Bengali: ককো আরু koko-aru • Gondi: अरदफरी aradphari, कोरपा बाजी korpa bhaji • Hindi: कटीहरी katihari, ढेनिआनी dheniani • Kannada: ಬಾಪನಮುಷ್ಟಿ baapanamushti, ಕರಡು karadu • Kol: रिम्मेल rimmel • Kui: madalkura • Marathi: हरतफरी haratfari, हरडुली harduli, उर्चिर्री urchirri • Odia: ବଦର badara, ଭଦଭଦଳିଆ bhadabhadalia • Santali: ᱦᱩᱱᱰ hund • Tamil: கடலிறஞ்சி kataliranci • Telugu: బాపనముష్టి baapanamushti, మురికి మల్లె muriki malle, తురకవేప turakavepa

botanical namesOlax scandens Roxb. … more at POWO, retrieved 03 February 2025

NOTEOlax scandens Roxb. seems to be erroneously connected with Olax psittacorum, which is reflected in some taxonomical portals :

  1. Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl … whose synonym is Olax scandens Roxb. … Hassler, Michael (1994 – 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.01; last update January 28th, 2025. Last accessed 03/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
  2. Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl … is synonym of Olax scandens Roxb. … India Biodiversity Portal . Last accessed 03/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).

Olax psittacorum is not distributed in India as per POWO, however regional names known for this taxon in Indian Floras and articles will be attributed to Olax scandens Roxb.

Bibliography / etymology
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about “where” could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
parrot olax
  • for want of name, name coined by Flowers of India, retrieved December 17, 2023 … derived from the epithet psittacorum = of parrots
sprawling olax
  • name coined, for want of name; literal translation of the scientific name Olax scandens
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) … spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ককো আরু koko-aru
  • Many thanks to Dr Usha Desai for help with this name … efloraofindia
~~~~~ GONDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (गोंडी), Gunjala Gondi, Masaram Gondi, Telugu … spoken in: Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana … native name of this language: Koitur
अरदफरी aradphari
कोरपा बाजी korpa baji
  • Many thanks to Saduram Madavi for help with this name … facebook
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) … spoken in: Uttar PradeshBiharMadhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
ढेनिआनी dheniani
  • or धेनिआनी dheniani … many thanks to Dr Ritesh Kumar Choudhary for help with this name … efloraofindia
कटीहरी katihari
  • the name rendered in native script needs validation
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) … spoken in: Karnataka
ಬಾಪನಮುಷ್ಟಿ baapanamushti, ಕರಡು karadu
~~~~~ KOL ~~~~~
written in: Warang Chiti (or Barang Kshiti, Varang Kshiti), Devanagari … spoken in: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal … spoken by: Kol people
रिम्मेल rimmel
~~~~~ KUI ~~~~~
written in: Odia (କୁଇ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andhra Pradesh … spoken by the Kandhas … other names for this language: Kandh, Khondi, Khond, Khondo, Kanda, Kodu, Kodulu, Kuinga, Kuy
madalkura
  • Indian Woods – their identification, properties and uses – Vol. II
  • the name needs to be rendered in native script
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) … spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
हरतफरी haratfari
हरडुली harduli
  • or हरदुली harduli … Many thanks to Dckumar E- Flora for help with this name … facebook
उर्चिर्री urchirri
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ବଦର badara
ଭଦଭଦଳିଆ bhadabhadalia
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman … spoken in: JharkhandWest Bengal, Odisha
ᱦᱩᱱᱰ hund
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) … spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
கடலிறஞ்சி kataliranci
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) … spoken in: Andhra PradeshTelangana
బాపనముష్టి baapanamushti, మురికి మల్లె muriki malle
తురకవేప turakavepa
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andhra Pradesh, *Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state

~~~~~ Created on: 14:05 03-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 21:51 03-02-2025 ~~~~~

English name revised …

commonly known as: climbing olax, sprawling olax • Bengali: ককো আরু koko-aru • Gondi: अरदफरी aradphari, कोरपा बाजी korpa bhaji • Hindi: कटीहरी katihari, ढेनिआनी dheniani • Kannada: ಬಾಪನಮುಷ್ಟಿ baapanamushti, ಕರಡು karadu • Kol: रिम्मेल rimmel • Kui: madalkura • Marathi: हरतफरी haratfari, हरडुली harduli, उर्चिर्री urchirri • Odia: ବଦର badara, ଭଦଭଦଳିଆ bhadabhadalia • Santali: ᱦᱩᱱᱰ hund • Tamil: கடலிறஞ்சி kataliranci • Telugu: బాపనముష్టి baapanamushti, మురికి మల్లె muriki malle, తురకవేప turakavepa

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Olacaceae: Olax scandens Roxb.: 1 image.
synonyms: Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl, Fissilia psittacorum Lam.
location/date: Barha, Jabalpur Distr., Madhya Pradesh, October 1994


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Need ID of climber in Bandavgarh: 3 images.

Please help with the ID
August 2024

Sandy soils


Olax sp. [Olacaceae].


Olax scandens Roxb.


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The misconnection of Olax scandens Roxb. with Olax psittacorum (*) Vahl:
Olax scandens Roxb. seems to be erroneously connected with Olax psittacorum, which is reflected even at present date, in some of the taxonomical portals :

  1. Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl … whose synonym is Olax scandens Roxb. … Hassler, Michael (1994 – 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.01; last update January 28th, 2025. Last accessed 03/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).
  2. Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl … is synonym of Olax scandens Roxb. … India Biodiversity Portal. Last accessed 03/02/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy).

Olax psittacorum is not distributed in India as per POWO, therefore I have gathered any regional names known for this taxon in Indian Floras and articles and attributed them to Olax scandens Roxb.
It will be interesting to know of any paper / article that throws light on this misconnection of the taxons.


Many thanks to Mr. D. N. Undirwade ji (Head Dept. of Botany, BP Arts, SMA Sci. & KKC Comm. College, Chalisgaon-424101). He helped me with this link to an article that throws light on the misconnection or the connection between the two taxons.
https://archive.org/download/biostor-153740/biostor-153740.pdf



References:
An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995- Details with keys) 
Flora of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah (2000- Details) 
Updated on February 22, 2025

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