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Tribulus terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 387 1753. (Syn: Tribulus lanuginosus L.; Tribulus maximus var. roseus Kuntze; Tribulus terrestris var. sericeus Andersson ex SVENSON);
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TRY-bew-lus — three-pointed; referring to the three-pronged fruit … Dave’s Botanary ter-RES-triss — growing on the ground … Dave’s Botanary . commonly known as: cow’s thorn, devil’s thorn, goathead, land caltrops, puncture vine, small caltrops • Assamese: গোক্ষুৰ gokshura • Bengali: গোক্ষুর gokshura • Dogri: भक्खड़ा bakkhda • Gujarati: બેઠા ગોખરુ betha gokharu, ગોખરુ gokharu, મીઠા ગોખરુ mitha gokharu • Hindi: दूधिया भाजी dudhiya bhaji, गोखुरू gokhuru, गोक्षुर gokshura • Kachchhi: એકાંટી ekanti, મિઠા ગોખરુ mitha gokharu • Kannada: ನೆಗ್ಗಿಲು neggilu, ನೆರಿಗಿಲು nerigilu, ಸಣ್ಣ ನೆಗ್ಗಿಲು sanna neggilu • Konkani: ನೆಗಲ್ಮುಳ್ಳು negalmullu • Ladakhi: གཟེ་མ gze ma, kokulla, rasha • Malayalam: ചെറിയ ഞെരിഞ്ഞിൽ cheriya-njeringil, ഞെരിഞ്ഞിൽ njeringil, വയൽച്ചുള്ളി vayalchulli • Marathi: गोखरू gokharu, काटे गोखरू kate gokharu, गोक्षुर gokshura, लहान गोखरू lahan gokharu, सरांटा saranta • Nepali: गोखुर gokhur • Odia: ବ୍ୟାଳ ନଖ byala nakha, ଗୋଖୁର gokhura, ଗୋକ୍ଷୁର gokshura, କଣ୍ଟକଫଳ kantkaphala, ପଳଙ୍କଷା palankasha, ଷଡଙ୍ଗ shardanga, ଶୃଙ୍ଗାଟକ srungatka, ସ୍ୱାଦଂଷ୍ଟ୍ରା swadamshtra, ସ୍ୱାଦୁ କଣ୍ଟକ swadu kantaka, ତ୍ରିକଣ୍ଟ trikanta • Persian: خارخسک kharkhasek • Punjabi: ਭੱਖੜਾ bhakhra, ਲੋਤਕ lotak, ਪਕਡ਼ਾ pakra, ਫਨਗਰਾ phangra • Rajasthani: भंकरी bhankari, छोटा गोखरू chota gokharu, गोखरू gokharu, कांटी kanti • Sanskrit:अश्वदंष्ट्रा ashvadanshtra, बहुकण्टक bahukantaka, चलद्रुम chaladruma, चणद्रुम chanadruma, चित्रकण्टक chitrakantaka, गोखुर gokhura, गोक्षुर gokshura, पदन्यास padanyasa, श्वदंष्ट्रक shvadanshtraka, स्थलशृङ्गाट sthalashrngata, स्वादुकण्टक svadukantaka, त्रिकण्टक trikantaka, वनशृङ्गाट vanashrngata, व्याघ्रदंष्ट्र vyaghradanshtra, व्यालदंष्ट्रक vyaladanshtraka • Sindhi: گوکرو gokhiru, ٽِڪَنڊيِ tikandi • Tamil: அக்கிலு akkilu, அக்கினி akkini, அச்சுரம் accuram, அசுவதட்டிரம் acuva-tattiram, நெருஞ்சி nerunci • Telugu: చిన్న పల్లేరు chinna palleru, చిరు పల్లేరు chiru palleru, నీరుంజి nirunji, పల్లేరు palleru, పల్లేరు ముళ్ళు palleru mullu, సన్న నెగ్గిలుగిడ sanna neggilugida • Tibetan: གཟེ་མ gze ma • Tulu: ನೆಗ್ಗಿಲು ಮುಳ್ಳು neggilu mullu • Urdu: گوکهرو gokhuru, گوکشر gokshura
Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2024/11/tribulus-terrestris-l.html
Puncture Vine – Tribulus terrestris : Attachments (5). 11 posts by 6 authors.
Puncture Vine- Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris. … this plant I collected from Chhindwara (M.P.). Thanx for reviving the memory. Very Common in Delhi along roadsides. I can recollect this thorn penetrating my sole in my younger days. pains a lot.
Farmers say these plants usually do not grow on the walking trails, 4-5 such thorns can panic even the elephant.
In my town we are suggested not to drive along the road edges because of the presence of these puncture vines.
Photo date: 17 May 2010
Katnal Village, Mysore district
Habitat: Irrigation canal edges Why not Tribulus lanuginosis L. of Zygophyllaceae? This herb is commonly seen in TN.
I would be happier to know the difference between T. lanuginosa and T. terrestris. Yes … Some one please supply key for T. terrestris, T. rajasthanensis and T. lanuginosus. Above upload seems to have plants photographed on different days, may be different plants. First and fifth photographs seem different from 2-4. A simple macroscopic key to distinguish the 3 southern indian species :
1. Style absent or very short (< 0.5 mm long) — Tribulus terrestris
1. Style present, 1.5-2 mm long ———————- 2
2. Style glabrous ——————————————- Tribulus lanuginosus
2. Style pubescent —————————————- Tribulus subramanyamii
Of course, there are other differences in indumentum, staminal glands…too!
I’ll try to upload the pictures shortly. Thanks … Any comments on these photographs? Two taxa or same with variation. 1,5 vs 2,3,4. They may be of T. terrestris, but the style is not clearly visible in the pictures. Habit wise there is no much difference between this and T. lanuginosus. however the style is very prominent in the latter species. While some authors consider both as one and the same, many floras incl. BSI’s Fl. of India treat them separate. Yes you are right, the photographs are taken on different dates and location. The photograph’s exif data indicate the same.
I thought they belong to a single species which proved wrong. Mails from … and yours prompts me to revisit those photographs again. I need to check them. Will try to follow naming conventions with date prefixes. for such photographs.
Tribulus terrestris L. from village Kavi Panipat from empty field growing wildly
Syn Tribulus lanuginosus If we consider both speceies different than T lanuginosus As it was earlier suggested by … due to presence of long style pls validate Yes … imp ayurvedic
i found it in dry reddish inhospitable trekking soils of arizona!!! Called as Gokhru used for urinogenital problems Time and date is on every Photo it was in morning 8:30 AM Yes your id is right yes large gokharu…
Is it Tribulus terrestris ? : Attachments (1). 3 posts by 3 authors.
Flower for Id pl. Is it Tribulus terrestris ? Yes it is Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae), an important medicinal plant called ‘Gokhuroo’.
Tribulus terrestris : Attachments (1). 2 posts by 2 authors.
Tribulus terrestris
Herb for ID from Srinagar Garhwal : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3).
Photograph was taken on 2 Nov 2014 near Srinagar Garhwal Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae). yes, gokhuru… but the question is the big fruited or the small fruited variety ?? can one tell?
I had small fruited one as a volunteer that fruited in one of the potted flower plants I bought in a rural nursery in india… and it was left to grow in the balcony in India. until it got attacked by mealybugs ..by the thousands it seemed, I have seen it on pants cuffs the thorny fruits after hikes in the american southwest .. semi arid hilly areas. also on feet of cattle coming out of the bush in the same kind a regions… so the plants must be growing in the low lying brush all along the hiking trails…
thorns come in handy in self propagation for this plant.
grows every where tropical I guess…
Wild plant for ID : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1) Tribulus terrestris
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L. : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (6)
Sharing some pictures of Tribulus terrestris L. shot at the Sangam Leh on 20 August 2014. Please help with Nepali name(s) if any. Yes …, that is correct ! No other optional names !
Location: Aravalli Biodiversity Park, New Delhi
Tribulus terrestris L. [Zygophyllaceae].
Location: Aravalli Biodiversity Park, Delhi-NCR
Pic taken: November end, 2018
This is a Tribulus sp. I hope T. terrestris
Tribulus terrestris ?
Tribulus terrestris
Puncture Plant
Hindi : Gokhroo
Sonepat, Haryana, May 09.
Never seen this wild plant hanging down over one meter long.
Wild Flower for ID-030509RK – indiantreepix | Google Groups : 1 image. It looks like Tribulus terrestris or Puncture Plant.
I am sending you some spices. Looks like fruit of Tribulus terrestris, Family Zygophyllaceae Possibly it is Gokhura in Hindi, Gokharu in Marathi? You may like to check the following & confirm pl.
Links of Chhota Gokharu, Tribulus Terrestris:
http://www.apexherbex.com/herbs1.htm (med. uses with a pic.),
http://www.herbsnspicesinfo.com/puncture-vine.aspx
(“In Ayurveda Tribulus terrestris is known as Kanti Gokharu and Pedalium murex as Boda Gokharu.”) Links for Pedalium murex (Boda Gokharu, Burra Gokhru):
http://www.banana-tree.com/Product_ID~16965.cfm (a pix with some med. uses),
http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/burgoo93.html (some details),
http://www.ayushveda.com/herbs/pedalium-murex.htm (details inc. desc.),
http://www.aluka.COMPILATION.PLANT-NAME-SPECIES.PEDALIUM.MUREX (desc. with specimen).
For Id 210708JM- – indiantreepix | Google Groups : 2 images. It could be the Puncture Plant [Tribulus terrestris]. Thanks, … for Id help. On checking on net leaves, fruit, flowers etc. seem to match.
For its Ayurvedic use, pl. see the link: http://www.ayurveda-herbal-remedy.com/indian-herbs/tribulus-terrestris.html
Why is is called Puncture Plant? Here is interesting inf. on this etc. in the extracts from Wikipedia link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribulus_terrestris
Tribulus terrestris is a flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Old World in southern Europe, southern Asia, throughout Africa, and in northern Australia. It can thrive even in desert climates and poor soil.
Like many weedy species, this plant has many common names. Puncture Vine, Caltrop, Yellow Vine, and Goathead are the most widely used; others include automobile-weed, bindy eye, bindii, bullhead, burnut, burra gokhroo, calthrops, cat’s head, common dubbeltjie, devil’s thorn, devil’s weed, doublegee, dubbeltje, gokshura, ground bur-nut, isiHoho, land caltrop, Maltese cross, Mexican sandbur, puncture weed, rose, small caltrops, sticker, tackweed, and Texas sandbur (also T. micrococcus). Thats Tribulus terrresteris This is indeed Puncture Vine, Tribulus terrestris. A thorny head, notorious for puncturing bicycle tyres, is visible on the left in the second picture.
Names of Plants in India :: Tribulus terrestris L. : 6 posts by 4 authors. 1 image.
via Species > T > Tribulus terrestris L. … family: Zygophyllaceae
Kannada names are correct. The plant is useful in treating stones in kidney etc. Thank you very much … !! Many thanks … for validating the Kannada names, and for the medicinal info.
nice. I find it, often, growing in potted plants I buy, esp in summer. just volunteering// weeds in the soil next to the main plant I buy.
See this plant near a freshwater lake at Kumbhargaon near Pune, MH in Jan 2019.
The plant were very tiny and were buried in the sand around.
Is this some Tribulus, T. terrestris?.
Kindly provide ID.
Tribulus subramanyamii P.Singh, G.S.Giri & V.Singh, It can not be confirmed as styles are not clear. Pl. check the keys at
Can you check the keys as per Tribulus ?
Number leaflets less in number, fruit larger in size and more hairy, these also characters of Tribulus subramanyamii. to me it looks like Tribulus terrestris only For me the ID by … is correct.
growing up I always thought of Gokshuru as Indian only, almost proprietary herb but….funny thing is i have witnessed herbal study group students come back with this exact plant from their weekend hiking on the mountains because they got stuck to their heavy woolen socks near Albuquerque New mexico. ided by the instructor as Tribulus terrestris. the student had hauled in a handful of these plants in, roos and all.
i also had it growing as a “weed” (not intentional purchase”) in soil of my Plectranthus amboinicus potted plant in india, ided by botanists at Agri-hort garden kolkata as Tribulus terrestris.
i had many years ago looked it up this bizarre coincidence.
gist is it likes sandy drier soil: which it is:
1: in New Mexico hills
and 2: in my potted ajwain leaf plectranthus: sandy cactus mix soil
just today searching again to document it for this write up, i found
https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/33318 page, and saw this, scrolling down the page, copy pasting “
Global Distribution- Tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Indian distribution- State – Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Kottayam, Idukki, Kollam, Wayanad
Thanks … for your feedback. Am attaching a cropped pic of the flower. In the pic, it is difficult to see whether the style is glabrous or not but it does seem to be too small. In view of this picture, it may be Tribulus subramanyamii as per images and details herein. Thank you, The branches are long up to 40cm, style is 1-1.5 cm long; leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong, fruit 5-lobed in Tribulus subramanyamii; Thanks, … Keys are given by … in Tribulus complex along with poster containing all three species as below:
This image from my ppt slide has pictures of 3 species of Tribulus. They are distinct in general morphology, style, fruits, thorns, indumentum, leaves etc. as you can see in the pictures.
Reproducing the key here:
A simple macroscopic key to distinguish the 3 southern indian species :
1. Style absent or very short (< 0.5 mm long) — Tribulus terrestris 1. Style present, 1.5-2 mm long ———————- 2 2. Style glabrous ——————————————- Tribulus lanuginosus 2. Style pubescent —————————————- Tribulus subramanyamii
Please find another image. Hopefully, this leads us to the correct ID. Will go for Tribulus terrestris only as suggested by …
ARJUL18 Tribulus sp. for ID : 10 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (2). Bangalore Is this Tribulus terrestris? I have been told that Tribulus terrestris is not found commonly in South India although very common elsewhere in India. So I doubt this is Tribulus terrestris. But I definitely could be wrong. Tribulus subramanyamii P.Singh, G.S.Giri & V.Singh, leaflets lesser in number, fruits larger. Can you please provide the key difference between T. subramanyamii and T. terrestris? Please see this earlier eflora-link for the keys and poster by … for Tribulus spp. Thank you …, but still finding it difficult to discern the correct species. Perhaps I can get better shots of the style this weekend to check the species. Tribulus terrestris now became Tribulus lanuginosus L. (style smooth, longer (2-3mm) than ovary)
Tribulus subramanyamii – styles short (1-2mm) clothed with pubescent hairs, plant is robust in appearance. I will go for Tribulus terrestris only as per keys and comparative images at Tribulus complex
ID Request 080814SG : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (4). This is Tribulus sp. ..most probably T. terrestris from Zygophyllaceae.. Tribulus subramanyamii P. Singh I will go for Tribulus terrestris only as per keys and comparative images at Tribulus complex
See this plant near a freshwater lake at Kumbhargaon near Pune, MH in Jan 2019.
These were very tiny plants and it was very difficult to click pics.
Is this some Tribulus species? Kindly provide ID.
Badami, KA :: Tribulus for ID :: ARK2020-045 : 6 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)- around 850 kb each.
Saw these beautiful flowers around the Badami cave complex, KA in October 2019.
Requested to please provide ID. There is confusion between Tribulus terrestris and T. subramanyii. Pl. post original image of 1st along with fruiting image, if any Attaching the original pics.
Also attaching a cropped pic of the style. An unclear pic of a fruit is also attached.
Hope this helps in resolving the ID.
Attachments (4)
I guess it is more close to Tribulus terrestris L. instead of Tribulus subramanyamii P.Singh, G.S.Giri & V.Singh
Going by comparative images at Tribulus complex, I will also go with Tribulus terrestris
Rosaceaea Fortnight::Potentilla Sp from Mammallapuram (NSJ-11) : 4 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1)
Potentilla Sp for ID. Does not look like Potentilla, please see if this can be Tribulus or any other Zygophyllacean Tribulus species so far in efi with keys Looks like Tribulus sp. T. terrestris looks closest Tribulus terrestris Agree with … Common in Cnennai wastelands . Zygophyllaceae: Tribulus terrestris L.: 1 high res. image.
location/date: Tumkur Distr., Karnataka, July 1997 . References:
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Tribulus terrestris
Updated on January 3, 2025