Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. (Syn: Acacia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Willd.; Inga xylocarpa (Roxb.) DC.; Mimosa xylocarpa Roxb.; Xylia dolabriformis Benth.); . Africa : Tanzania (I) [1]; Uganda (I); Asia: Bangladesh (N) ; Cambodia (N); India (N) ; Andhra Pradesh ; Bihar; Goa ; Gujarat; Karnataka ; Kerala ; Madhaya Pradesh; Maharashtra ; Meghalaya ; Orissa ; Tamil Nadu ; West Bengal ; Laos (N) ; Myanmar (N); Philippines (I) ; Singapore (I) ; Thailand (N) ; Vietnam (N) as per ILDIS; . ZY-lee-a — from the Greek xylon, (wood); referring to the genus having very hard wood … Dave’s Botanary zy-lo-KAR-puh — woody fruit … Dave’s Botanary . commonly known as: woody-fruit jujube • Gujarati: ઘાટ બોર ghat bor • Haryanvi: कठबेर kathber • Hindi: घूंट ghoont, ककोर kakor, कठ बेर kath ber • Kannada: ಬಿಳಿ ಚೂರಿಮುಳ್ಳು bili churimullu, ಚಳ್ಳೆ challe, ಗೊಟ್ಟೆ gotte, ಕೊಡಚಿ kodachi, ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu, ಪಾರ್ಪುಲಿ ಗಿಡ paarpuli gida • Konkani: ಗಾಳಾಯಿ ಕಾಂಟ್ಯಾ ಝಾಡ gaalaayi kaantyaa jhaad, गूटी guti, रानबोर ranbor • Malayalam: കൊട്ടമുള്ള് kottamullu • Marathi: घाट बोर ghat bor, घोंट ghonta, हाडकी बोर hadki bor, रानबोर ranbor • Nepali: बन बयर ban bayar • Odia: ଘୋଣ୍ଟା ghonta • Sanskrit: घोण्टा ghonta • Santali: ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱛ karkat • Tamil: கொட்டையிலந்தை kottai-y-ilantai, முள்ளுடுப்பை mullutuppai • Telugu: గొట్టి gotti, రేగొట్టి reegotti • Tulu: ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2025/02/xylia-xylocarpa-roxb-wtheob.html . Native to: India, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam . Village children collect the seed after ripe and eat it. Even I had tasted it. It is very tasty like badam. It has a very hard shell, looks like Kodava sword; .
ID11042011PHK1: – If I had not seen the third and fourth photograph, I would have called it Leucaena leucocephala. – Its common one in Konkan, Commonly called Jambha or Yerul Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taib. From Mimosae – Xylia xylocarpa. In kannada it is known as Arasu Tega; Tamil : Iruvel maram.
ID CONFIRMATION 01062011 PJ3: Date/Time-: 29/04/11 – 15:40 Location- Place, Altitude – Kaiga , Uttar Kannada ,Karnataka, 380 mtrs Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- wild Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- tree Height/Length- 10-12 mtr Id confirmation “xylia xylocarpa, Village children collect the seed after ripe and eat it. Even I had tasted it. It is very tasty like badam. It has a very hard shell, looks like Kodava sword Affirmative. This is Xylia xylocarpa locally called Jambha or Yerul. wood is very good quality
Xylia xylocarpa seedling: Seedling of Xylia xylocarpa (Konda Tangedu in Telugu). Date/Time- August 2011 Location- Place, Altitude, GPS- Hyderabad Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- Potted seedling Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- Tree Height/Length- 7-8 inches Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size- Leaves tripinnate, leaflets oblong-acuminate
Flora of Kaiga_31082011 P1.: Date/Time-:4/04/10 – 16:30 Looks like a section of human lungs :))    Fabaceae – Mimosoideae- week Xylia xylocarpa from Coimbatore: Sharing the flower images of Xylia xylocarpa from NBNP, Coimbatore. (April, 2012).
Fabaceae-Mimosoideae (Mimosaceae) Week :: Xylia xylocarpa at Karnala Bird Sanctuary: Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. ZY-lee-a — from the Greek xylon, (wood); referring to the genus having very hard wood zy-lo-KAR-puh — woody fruit Mar 28, 2009 … at Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Maharashtra commonly known as: Burma ironwood, Indian Iron tree • Hindi: जंबू jambu • Kannada: ಅರಸು ತೇಗ arasu tega • Konkani: झांबा jamba • Malayalam: ഇരുള് irul, ഇരുമുള്ള് irunmull, കടമരം katamaram • Marathi: जांब or जांबा jamba, येरुळ yerul • Mizo: thing-uk • Oriya: kangada • Sanskrit कनककुली kanakakuli, शिंशपा shinshapa • Tamil: இருவேல் iruvel • Telugu: ఎర్ర చిన్నంగి erra chinnangi, కొండ తంగేడు konda tangedu Native to: India, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam References: Flowers of India • Forestry Compendium • NPGS / GRIN • ENVIS – FRLHT more views: Mar 28, 2009 … at Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Maharashtra Dec 29, 2009 … … at Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Maharashtra very common in Konkan and in some patches of vidarbha in Maharashtra, fruits always remind me of weapon of Mowgli… of the Jungle book. Photographed this one in the forest of Handi Bhadang nath in Karnataka. Have this on my property. This is what the leaves look like. Very nice. Yet to come across this species.
It is very conspicuous in the flowering season owing to its bright yellow flowers. Xylia xylocarpa produces good timber. Its wood pulp is used for making wrapping paper. The seeds of this tree are edible. This tree is considered a medicinal plant in India. In Thailand its leaves are used to treat wounds in elephants. Burma Ironwood is a large deciduous tree to over 18 m high by 60 cm trunk diameter, native of eastern India, Burma and Thailand. Leaves are double-compound, carried on stalks 3-6 cm long. Leaflets are 2-4 pairs – lowest leaflets are 3-4 cm long, with a pointed tip. End leaflet is 7-15 cm long. Stalkless tiny white flowers arise in round heads 2 cm in diameter, carried in slender 7 cm long stalks. Pod is 10-16 cm long, 6 cm wide, woody, rusty velvety, shaped like a boomerang, splitting into two twisted segments. Flowering: March-April. Xylia xylocarpa Nice set of photographs.
Xylia xylocarpa : 26032014 : RV 1: Attachments (3). 2 posts by 2 authors. Xylia xylocarpa is growing on my terrace in a big pot from the seeds collected & given to me, few years back, by a friend from Anshi forest. Its about 7 ft tall now and have started flowering this month. The flowers are at my eye level, while taking the close up picture of the flowers I noticed a petal like structure with a stalk, yellow in color, on the anthers. I was wondering what it is & why it is ?…..Are they anther glands? Would request help in knowing about this structure on the anthers. Anthers will contain pollen grains, when anther matures, it will split, pollen grains come out.
ANMAR49/71 Xylia xylocarpa : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5) Family: Mimosaceae Xylia xylocarpa . Nepali name(s) of Xylia xylocarpa : 5 posts by 2 authors. Please help with Nepali name(s) (if any) of Xylia xylocarpa. It is not listed in Nepal. OK, thanks … May be it is found distributed in small scale OR its timber imported for commercial purpose. I had found this page in Forests and Forestry in Nepal by S. S. Negi, Sharad Singh Negi. And searching for its synonym – Xylia dolabriformis, I found its entry in Ancient Nepal – Journal of the Department of Archaeology. I find the popular name jambu given to the plant … found on page 12 (as printed on page) or page 17 of the PDF. Jambu is found as a name given to this plant in many languages – for, the colour of heartwood is the rose-pink colour of jambu fruit. The ascent and pronunciation varies regionally. In the western coast, the local laterite stone also gets the same name jambu, because of the jambu colour. I think I will go with जांबु … your thoughts, please. I checked and did not find any mention anywhere. OK. thanks … I will use the references that I put in my above message, to list जांबु jaambu as Nepali name … Listing the references again here: Forests and Forestry in Nepal by S. S. Negi, Sharad Singh Negi Ancient Nepal – Journal of the Department of Archaeology
Xylia xylocarpa-flowers – efloraofindia | Google Groups
very well done. love the picture. but the name Jambu….?/ do various local people often call any fruit Jambu. non-discriminatory indeed. Thanks … Heartwood of Xylia xylocarpa has colour resembling to that of the rose pink colour of the jambu fruit (rose apple) … thus given the the name. Jambu, Jamba, Jamb … all these spellings in English may not give hint to how it is pronounced in regional languages of India. जांबा / जंभा / जांभा / जांब / जांबु / जंबू / जम्बु / जम्बू are various spellings in Devanagari in different languages. Rose apple (Syzygium spp.) is given the name jambu (जम्बु or जम्बू in Sanskrit) … most of Indian languages have derived the same name for the fruit OR tree – though the accent / pronunciation is different. ZY-lee-a — from the Greek xylon, (wood); referring to the genus having very hard wood … Dave’s Botanary commonly known as: Burma ironwood, pyinkado • Assamese: চিম চপা shin shapa • Bengali: লোহা কাঠ loha kat • Hindi: जंबू jambu, जांबु jambu, सुरिया suria • Kannada: ಬೆಟ್ಟದಾವರಿಕೆ ಮರ bettadaavarike mara, ಹೊಮ್ಮವರಿಕೆ hommaavarike, ಇರುಳ್ irul, ಜಂಬೆ jambe, ಷಿಲ್ವೆ shilve, ತಕ್ಕು takku, ತಿರುವ tiruva • Konkani: जांबो jambo, येरूळ yerul • Malayalam: ഇരുൾ irula, ഇരുമുള്ള് irumullu, കടമരം kadamaram • Marathi: जांभा jambha, सुरिया suriya, येरूळ yerul • Mizo: thinguk • Nepali: जांबु jambu • Odia: ଧାମନୀ dhamani, କଙ୍ଗଡ଼ା kangada • Sanskrit: कनककुली kanakakuli, शिंशपा shinshapa • Tamil: இருள் irul, இருவேல் iruvel • Telugu: బోజ boja, ఎర్ర చెన్నంగి errachennangi, కొండ తంగేడు konda tangedu • Tulu: ಚಿರುವೆ chiruve, ತಿರುವೆ thiruve botanical names: Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W.Theob. … homotypic synonyms: Acacia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Willd. • Inga xylocarpa (Roxb.) DC. • Mimosa xylocarpa Roxb. … infraspecific: Xylia xylocarpa var. xylocarpa … heterotypic synonyms: Xylia dolabriformis Benth. … and more at POWO, retrieved 10 February 2025 Bibliography / etymology Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about “where” could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo. ~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~ written and spoken widely, in most parts of India Burma ironwood
pyinkado
~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~ written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) … spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya চিম চপা shin shapa
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~ written in: Bengali (বাংলা) … spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands লোহা কাঠ loha kat
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~ written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) … spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand जंबू jambu
जांबु jambu
सुरिया suria
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~ written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) … spoken in: Karnataka ಬೆಟ್ಟದಾವರಿಕೆ ಮರ bettadaavarike mara
ಹೊಮ್ಮವರಿಕೆ hommaavarike
ಇರುಳ್ irul, ಜಂಬೆ jambe, ಷಿಲ್ವೆ shilve
ತಕ್ಕು takku (or ಅರಸುತಕ್ಕು arasutakku)
ತಿರುವ tiruva
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~ written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) … spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat जांबो jambo
येरूळ yerul
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~ written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) … spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep ഇരുൾ irula, ഇരുമുള്ള് irumullu, കടമരം kadamaram
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~ written in: Devanagari (मराठी) … spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka जांभा jambha
सुरिया suriya, येरूळ yerul
~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~ written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese … spoken in: Mizoram … other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian thing-uk
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~ written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) … spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim जांबु jambu
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~ written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands ଧାମନୀ dhamani
କଙ୍ଗଡ଼ା kangada
କାଠ ଶିଆଳି katha siali, ଟାଙ୍ଗଣ tangan
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~ written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) … used all over India by priests and scholars कनककुली kanakakuli
शिंशपा shinshapa
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~ written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) … spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands இருள் irul
இருவேல் iruvel
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~ written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) … spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry బోజ boja, ఎర్ర చెన్నంగి errachennangi, కొండ తంగేడు konda tangedu
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~ written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) … spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala ಚಿರುವೆ chiruve, ತಿರುವೆ thiruve
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~ Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
~~~~~ Created on: 15:01 10-02-2025 ¦ Last updated: 16:57 12-02-2025 ~~~~~ Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2025/02/xylia-xylocarpa-roxb-wtheob.html irul is the correct spelling, all other names are correct. The correct spelling is ଧାମନୀ (Dhamani) – (ଢ଼ାମଣି, Kangada-କଙ୍ଗଡା)in Odia language, while all other names are correct. Many thanks, …, for helping with the names.
I have one query for clarification. ଢ଼ାମଣି is not listed in the online dictionary of G.C. Praharaj – Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha, and it is not at all found in Google results. If dhamani is not an appropriate name, we can drop it. In some regions of Mayurbhanj, the local inhabitants use the term “Dhaman” or “Dhamani,” although it is more widely known as “Kangada.” Sure … Thank you very very much. I wondered because ଢ଼ାମଣି is not found in dictionary as well as on internet. But I am convinced with your suggested spelling ଢ଼ାମଣି dhamani. I am going to use it the names’ compilation. The equivalent word in Marathi online dictionary – Date, Yasavanta Ramakrshna. Maharashtra Sabdakosha. Pune: Maharashtra Kosamandala, 1932-1950. धामण dhāmaṇa OR धामणी dhāmaṇī = एक वृक्षविशेष. याचें लांकूड चिवट असून इमारतीस उपयोगी असतें. -वगु ४.३२. याच्या सालीच्या तंतूपासून कागद व दोर करितात. Translation: A species of tree. Its wood is strong and useful for buildings. -Vgu 4.32. The fibers of its bark are used for making paper and rope. English spelling of one Malayalam name corrected; one Odia name corrected, and two Odia names added Santali name added … commonly known as: woody-fruit jujube • Gujarati: ઘાટ બોર ghat bor • Haryanvi: कठबेर kathber • Hindi: घूंट ghoont, ककोर kakor, कठ बेर kath ber • Kannada: ಬಿಳಿ ಚೂರಿಮುಳ್ಳು bili churimullu, ಚಳ್ಳೆ challe, ಗೊಟ್ಟೆ gotte, ಕೊಡಚಿ kodachi, ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu, ಪಾರ್ಪುಲಿ ಗಿಡ paarpuli gida • Konkani: ಗಾಳಾಯಿ ಕಾಂಟ್ಯಾ ಝಾಡ gaalaayi kaantyaa jhaad, गूटी guti, रानबोर ranbor • Malayalam: കൊട്ടമുള്ള് kottamullu • Marathi: घाट बोर ghat bor, घोंट ghonta, हाडकी बोर hadki bor, रानबोर ranbor • Nepali: बन बयर ban bayar • Odia: ଘୋଣ୍ଟା ghonta • Sanskrit: घोण्टा ghonta • Santali: ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱛ karkat • Tamil: கொட்டையிலந்தை kottai-y-ilantai, முள்ளுடுப்பை mullutuppai • Telugu: గొట్టి gotti, రేగొట్టి reegotti • Tulu: ಕೊಟ್ಟೆಮುಳ್ಳು kottemullu . 305 ID wild tree Xylia: 23 very high res. images. Location: near Reserve Forest, Chathamattom, Ernakulam District, (Kochi) Kerala PIN:686671 Altitude: 1400fsl Flower date: 20.03.2022, 11.15 am Habitat: wild, moisture, rocky Plant habit: tree over growing, erect, branches, hard woody heart-wood stem up to 2 meters base circumference, silver yellowish lite rough bark, circular flakes, deciduous before blooming, long lasting Height: 20 meters Leaves: alternate, bipinnate, leaflets opposite, ovate, apex, reddish gland on leaflet petiole base of young shoot, simple glossy, size upto: 09×5 cm Flower: axillary, globular racemose clustered, globular diameter: 13 mm, white, good fragrance Fruit: flattened lengthy compressed beans, brown, size upto: 16×7×0.5 cm Seed: brown 8-10 nos., circular/ovoid compressed, size:10×5×2 mm Camera: CANON EOS1500D +rr Sorry I was having something in mind & written something else Please check Xylia xylocarpa Yes, it is Xylia xylocarpa, thank you very much for ID my tree, Xylia xylocarpa .  Fabaceae: Xylia xylocarpa Taub.: 1 high res. image. synonyms: Xylia dolabriformis Benth., Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W.Theob. location/date: Thrissur Distr., Kerala, November 2002 . References: |
Xylia xylocarpa
Updated on March 8, 2025