{"id":1193358,"date":"2011-03-26T10:57:47","date_gmt":"2011-03-26T10:57:47","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-24T13:07:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T07:37:09","slug":"solanum-nigrum","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/efi\/solanum-nigrum\/","title":{"rendered":"Solanum nigrum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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Solanum<\/i> nigrum<\/i> L., Sp. pl. 1:186. 1753 (syn: Solanum acutifolium<\/em> Kit. ex Kanitz<\/a>; Solanum astroites<\/em> G.Forst.<\/a>; Solanum atriplicifolium<\/em> Desp. ex Dunal<\/a>; Solanum besserianum<\/em> Weinm.<\/a>; Solanum bidentatum<\/em> Raf.<\/a>; Solanum cechicum<\/em> Opiz<\/a>; Solanum cestrifolium<\/em> Jacq. ex Weinw.<\/a>; Solanum cestrifolium<\/em> Jacq. ex Spreng.<\/a>; Solanum cestrophyllum<\/em> Dunal<\/a>; Solanum chenopodiifolium<\/em> H.L\u00e9v.<\/a>; Solanum chenopodium<\/em> Raf.<\/a>; Solanum chlorocarpum<\/em> Schur<\/a>; Solanum cuneifolium<\/em> Dunal<\/a>; Solanum decipiens<\/em> Opiz<\/a>; Solanum decurrens<\/em> Wall. ex Dunal<\/a>; Solanum diffusum<\/em> Vell.<\/a>; Solanum exaratum<\/em> Raf.<\/a>; Solanum extremiorientale<\/em> Ignatov<\/a>; Solanum foetidum<\/em> Rottb.<\/a>; Solanum fontanesianum<\/em> Schrank<\/a>; Solanum ganchouenense<\/em> H.L\u00e9v.<\/a>; Solanum humile<\/em> Salisb.<\/a>; Solanum judaicum<\/em> (L.) Besser<\/a>; Solanum moschatum<\/em> C.Presl<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0atriplicifolium<\/em> G.Mey.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0chlorocarpum<\/em> (Spenn.) Schur<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0elbaensis<\/em> T\u00e4ckh. & Boulos<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0subsp.\u00a0europaeum<\/em> Fil.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0flavidum<\/em> S.Z.Liou & W.Q.Wang<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0genuinum<\/em> Hassl.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0hirsutum<\/em> G.Mey.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0humile<\/em> Macloskie<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0incisum<\/em> T\u00e4ckh. & Boulos<\/a>; Solanum nigrum inerme<\/em> K.Koch<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0legitimum<\/em> Neilr.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0f.\u00a0longepedunculatum<\/em> Hassl.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0subsp.\u00a0schultesii<\/em> (Opiz) Wessely<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0subf.\u00a0sinuatodentatum<\/em> Hassl.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0stylosum<\/em> Witasek<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0subhastatum<\/em> Hassl.<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0vulgatum<\/em> Dunal<\/a>; Solanum nigrum<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0vulgatum<\/em> L.<\/a>; Solanum paludosum<\/em> Dunal<\/a>; Solanum parviflorum<\/em> Moris ex Badar\u00f2<\/a>; Solanum peregrinum<\/em> E.P.Bicknell<\/a>; Solanum probstianum<\/em> Polgar<\/a>; Solanum pseudoflavum<\/em> Pojark.<\/a>; Solanum reineggeri<\/em> Opiz<\/a>; Solanum repens<\/em> Noronha<\/a>; Solanum rhinozerothis<\/em> Blume<\/a>; Solanum rottboellianum<\/em> Roem. & Schult.<\/a>; Solanum roxburghii<\/em> Dunal<\/a>; Solanum schultesii<\/em> Opiz<\/a>; Solanum speciosum<\/em> Dunal<\/a>; Solanum stenopetalum<\/em> A.Braun<\/a>; Solanum tauschii<\/em> Opiz<\/a>; Solanum viride<\/em> Schur<\/a>; Solanum vulgare<\/em>\u00a0(L.) Hegetschw.<\/a>; Solanum vulgatum<\/em>\u00a0Baumg.<\/a>);<\/span>
\n.<\/span>
\nTemp. Eurasia, Macaronesia, N. & NE. Tropical Africa: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur,<\/span> Andaman Is., Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States,<\/span> Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Central European Rus, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., East European Russia,<\/span> East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary,<\/span> India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Manchuria, Morocco,<\/span> Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands,<\/span> Nicobar Is., North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Ogasawara-shoto, Oman,<\/span> Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Selvagens, Sicilia, Sinai, South China Sea, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam,<\/span> West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Sahara, Yemen, Yugoslavia<\/span> as per POWO<\/a>;<\/div>\n
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Kakmachi, European Black Nightshade, Duscle, Garden Nightshade, Hound’s Berry, Petty Morel, Small-fruited black nightshade or popolo, Deadly Nightshade, Black-berry night shade, Nightshade, Poisonberry \u2022 <\/b>Manipuri: \u09b2\u09c8\u09aa\u09c1\u0999\u0996\u09be\u0982\u0997 Leipungkhangga \u2022 <\/b>Tamil: \u0bae\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bbf Manatakkali \u2022 <\/b>Hindi: Mokoi \u092e\u094b\u0915\u094b\u092f \u2022 <\/b>Malayalam: Mulaku-thakkali \u2022 <\/b>Telugu: Kasaka \u2022 <\/b>Marathi: Laghukavali \u2022 <\/b>Urdu: Makoya \u092e\u0915\u094b\u092f\u093e\u00a0;<\/b><\/div>\n
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Solanum villosum<\/strong> (left), <\/span>Solanum americanum<\/strong> (middle)\u00a0&\u00a0Solanum nigrum<\/strong> (right)<\/span><\/p>\n
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Solanum americanum, solanum nigrum <\/span><\/i>& <\/span>Solanum villosum<\/em><\/span><\/a>– <\/em>5 images.
\n.<\/span>
\nAs per efi thread<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Although The Plant List treats S. nigrum<\/i> and S. americanum<\/i> as synonyms, seeing so many errors in this database I prefer to follow GRIN and eFlora of China, wherever available, since both treat them distinct<\/span> with following differences<\/div>\n
S. americanum<\/b>: Flowers less than 5 mm across; anthers 1-1.5 mm long; berries 6-7 mm in diam, shining black; fruiting calyx reflexed; seeds 1-1.5 mm long<\/span><\/div>\n
S. nigrum<\/b>: Flowers 7-10 mm across, anthers 2-3 mm long; berries 7-9 mm in diam, dull black; fruiting calyx appressed or slightly deflexed; seeds 1.7-2.5 mm long<\/span><\/div>\n
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As per efi thread<\/a>\u00a0:<\/div>\n
For a long time S. americanum<\/span><\/b><\/i> and S. nigrum<\/b><\/i> were treated at distinct species, former characterised by smaller flowers (less than 5 mm across), smaller anthers (1-1.5 mm long) smaller (6-7 mm) shining black berries<\/span>, and latter by larger flowers (6-9 mm across), longer anthers (2-3 mm) and larger (7-9 mm) dull black, purple or yellowish-green berries. <\/span>Both species are distinct from S. villosum<\/b><\/i> in inflorescence with usually more than 6 flowers, longer peduncles (1.5-3 cm in fruit).<\/span><\/div>\n
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A delicious leafy vegetable. The fruits can be dipped in curds and salt and then sundried. This will keep for long time and the sundried fruits can be fried in oil and used as a sidedish with rice (what we call ‘kondattum’ in Malayalam). These fried fruits are also used to make a delicious curry with tamarind (‘rasam’);<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Dried fruits fried in oil or ghee cure ulcers. But I find the juice extract from the leaves work better in curing mouth and stomach ulcers. Raw leaves are ground with water and the extract is taken orally on an empty stomach. (But I have taken it at other times as well and I feel the result is the same). After one intake itself there will be a remarkable difference. Some people take the extract with coconut milk;<\/span><\/div>\n
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In our chilhood ripe fruits of this were our most sought after fruit in wild. Tasting like a sharper tomato, more sweet. We called it Kachmach;<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
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As you said its a very good leaf-vegetable. And the dried fruits (while coming to usa i had brought some and using now and then!) are used to prepare ‘kaara kuzhambu’ or ‘vaththa kuzhambu’, a slightly bitterly delicious;<\/span><\/div>\n
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The ripe fruits are eaten raw, used in pies and preserves and in making jam;<\/span><\/div>\n
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Solanum nigrum<\/i> (European black nightshade<\/b> or locally just “black nightshade<\/span><\/a>“<\/b>, duscle<\/b>, garden nightshade<\/b>, hound’s berry<\/b>, petty morel<\/b>, wonder berry<\/b>, small-fruited black nightshade<\/b> or popolo<\/b>) is a species in the Solanum<\/span><\/a><\/i> genus, native to <\/span>Eurasia<\/span><\/a> and introduced in the <\/span>Americas<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Australasia<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>South Africa<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Parts of this plant can be highly <\/span>toxic<\/span><\/a> to <\/span>livestock<\/span><\/a> and humans, and it’s considered a <\/span>weed<\/span><\/a>. Nonetheless, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales; and plant parts are used as a traditional <\/span>medicine<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Black nightshade is a fairly common herb or short-lived perennial shrub, found in many wooded areas, as well as disturbed habitats. It has a height of 30 to 120 cm (12 to 48 in), leaves 4 to 7.5 cm (1.5 to 3 in) long and 2 to 5 cm (1 to 2.5 in) wide; ovate to heart-shaped, with wavy or large-toothed edges; both surfaces hairy or hairless; <\/span>petiole<\/span><\/a> 1 to 3 cm (0.5 to 1 in) long with a winged upper portion. The flowers have petals greenish to whitish, recurved when aged and surround prominent bright yellow anthers. The berry is mostly 6 to 8 mm (0.3 to 0.8 in) diam., dull black or purple-black.[6]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> In India, another strain is found with berries that turn red when ripe.[7]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
The Solanum nigrum<\/i> complex<\/b> \u2014 also known as Solanum<\/i> L. section Solanum<\/i><\/b> \u2014 is the group of black nightshade species; characterized by their lack of prickles and stellate hairs, their white flowers and their green or black fruits arranged in an umbelliform fashion.[8]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The Solanum<\/i> species in this group can be taxonomically confused, moreso by intermediate forms and hybridization between the species.[3]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Some of the major species within the Solanum nigrum<\/i> complex are: Solanum nigrum<\/i>, S. americanum<\/a><\/i>, S. douglasii<\/a><\/i>, S. opacum<\/a><\/i>, S. ptychanthum<\/a><\/i>, S.retroflexum<\/a><\/i>, S. sarrachoides<\/a><\/i>, S. scabrum<\/a><\/i>, and S. villosum<\/a><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
In <\/span>India<\/span><\/a>, the berries are casually grown and eaten; but not cultivated for commercial use. In South India, the leaves and berries are routinely consumed as food after cooking with <\/span>tamarind<\/span><\/a>, onion, and <\/span>cumin<\/span><\/a> seeds.[19]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The berries are referred to as “fragrant tomato.” Although not very popular across much of its growing region, the fruit and dish are common in Tamil Nadu (\u0bae\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bbf in Tamil),[20]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Kerala, Southern Andhra Pradesh and Southern Karnataka.<\/span>
\n(From <\/span>Wikipedia<\/span><\/a>\u00a0on 19.7.14)
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Fruits & Vegetables Week: RVS-9<\/a>:
\nSolanum nigrum,<\/i> from Sirumalai hills, TN<\/span>. Ripe fruits edible and the leaves and unripe fruits used as vegetable.<\/span><\/p>\n

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-‘Manattakkali<\/b>‘ in Malayalam. A delicious leafy vegetable. The fruits can be dipped in curds and salt and then sundried. This will keep for long time and the sundried fruits can be fried in oil and used as a sidedish with rice (what we call ‘kondattum’ in Malayalam). These fried fruits are also used to make a delicious curry with tamarind (‘rasam’). <\/span><\/p>\n

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-‘Manathakkaali<\/b>‘ in Tamil as well.\u00a0\u00a0.. is right. \u00a0Dried fruits fried in oil or ghee cure ulcers. But I find the juice extract from the leaves work better in curing mouth and stomach ulcers. Raw leaves are ground with water and the extract is taken orally on an empty stomach. (But I have taken it at other times as well and I feel the result is the same). \u00a0After one intake itself there will be a remarkable difference. Some people take the extract with coconut milk.<\/span><\/p>\n

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-In our chilhood ripe fruits of this were our most sought after fruit in wild. Tasting like a sharper tomato, more sweet. We called it Kachmach<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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-as you said its a very good leaf-vegetable. And the dried fruits (while coming to usa i had brought some and using now and then!) are used to prepare ‘kaara kuzhambu’ or ‘vaththa kuzhambu’, a slightly bitterly delicious.<\/span> .. Yes our traditional medicinal formulations are again and again proved effective. We are fortunate to have such a great wealth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Fruits & Vegetables Week: Solanum nigrum, the black nightshade<\/a>: Solanum nigrum<\/i>, the black nightshade<\/b>, a wild herb common in wastelands, cultivated fields, roadsides.<\/span> <\/i>The ripe fruits are eaten raw, used in pies and preserves and in making jam.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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Solanaceae for id 280211MK1<\/a>:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Herb: 30cm height
\n<\/span>Leaf: c.5 X 4 cm
\nFlowers: c. 1.5cm across; white
\nFruits: c. 0.8cm across
\n<\/span>Date: 05 Dec 2010
\nTime: 5:30PM
\nLocation: Ooty town; Nilgiris, TN
\n<\/span>First I thought this to be a Nicandra<\/i> sp., but the flowers are smaller.
\nSorry for the poor pics, I cant make it in poor evening light. <\/span><\/p>\n

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– Solanum nigrum<\/i> we call it “kakmachi<\/b>‘ in bengali<\/p>\n

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\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/-0UECVODTmQs\/T3Xy79xYAdI\/AAAAAAAACwA\/nZ36VSxL0u0\/s1600\/VSCN1407.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Is this Solanum nigrum? (30-03-12) Hooghly (WB) SK-1:<\/a><\/div>\n
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Last month i posted two sets of Solanum<\/i> sp. both of which were identified as Solanum villosum<\/i>.<\/div>\n
Is this the Solanum nigrum<\/i> L. what was eluding me since then?<\/div>\n
Species : UNKNOWN<\/div>\n
Habit & Habitat : wild herb, roadside<\/span><\/div>\n
Date : 30.03.2012, 10.30 a.m.
\n<\/span>Place : <\/span>Garalgacha (Hooghly), WB<\/span><\/div>\n
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Yes\u00a0…, Solanum nigrum<\/i><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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efloraofindia:”For Id 01122011MR1\u2019\u2019 ?Solanum americanum Pune:<\/a><\/p>\n

Nov 2011<\/div>\n
Kindly Id this wild plant of height 4-5 cms<\/span> at Pune
\n<\/span>?Solanum americanum
\n<\/i>I waited for the berries to appear but today I found that<\/span><\/div>\n
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the plant is no more where I found it.<\/p>\n

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Yes now considered as synonym of Solanum nigrum<\/i><\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Solanum nigrum:<\/a>
\nSolanum nigrum<\/i>, over the past few weeks
\nalibaug<\/span><\/p>\n

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request for plant id: habitat-roadside,garden….place- ambala cantt:<\/a>
\nplease help me to identify this plant..
\nDescriptions:
\nPlace: ambala cantt
\n<\/span>month: december
\nhabitat: roadside and garden
\nhabit: climber
\n<\/span>stem: weak
\nflower: small,white
\nfruit: green and dark purple coloured small berries<\/span><\/p>\n

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Solanum americanum Mill. from Kamrup district, Assam<\/a>\u00a0:\u00a0\u00a0Attachments (5). 1 post by 1 author.<\/div>\n
Attached images are <\/span>Solanum americanum<\/i> Mill. (Syn. S. nigrum<\/i> L.) collected from Kamrup district, Assam.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Date :10.04.2013<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Location: Kamrup district<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Family : Solanaceae<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Genus & species :<\/span> <\/span>Solanum americanum<\/i> Mill. (Syn. <\/span>S. nigrum<\/i> L.)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Habitat: Grows wild on road side<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Habit : Herb
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Flower : White<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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Fwd: Solanum americanum (syn. S. nigrum). Please validate<\/a>\u00a0: 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments(4).<\/div>\n
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Thank you Sir for your valuable information about Solanum nigrum<\/i> and S. vilosum<\/i>. Sir, are Solanum americanum<\/i> & S. nigrum<\/i> two distinct species? According to Plant list<\/b> and also efl group<\/b> S. nigrum<\/i> is a synonym of Solanum americanum. <\/i>Please clarify. I attached here the images of Solanum americanum<\/i> (syn. S. nigrum<\/i> ). Please validate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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S. nigrum<\/i> L.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The Plant List seems to be creating more problems than solving. GRIN as well as Flora of China (Which I rel more), even Tropicos (a very reliable database) and many others treat them distinct. Your plant looks like S. americanum<\/i>, but I would like you to check the size of flowers and ripe fruits.<\/span> Once we know which is our plant, its taxonomic status is secondary.
\n<\/span>S. americanum<\/b>: Flowers 4-5 mm across; fruit 6-8 mm in diam, shiny black; anthers shorter than 1.5 mm
\n<\/span>S. nigrum<\/b>: Flowers 8-10 mm across; fruit 8-10 mm across, dull black; anthers 2.5-3 mm long<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Yes it is <\/span>Solanum nigrum<\/i> only<\/span><\/p>\n

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Jan2015sk06 – Solanum nigrum L.<\/a> : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (8).
\n2.5 ft wild herb<\/span>, photographed <\/span>today (15.1.15).<\/span><\/div>\n
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Excellent photos. Many uses in traditional system of medicine<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum-nigrum-Kashmir-b.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum-nigrum-Balgarden-Kashmir-4.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum-nigrum-Kashmir-a.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum-nigrum-Kashmir-c.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum-nigrum-Tapiana-Sialkot-DSC05487-Kashmir-5.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum nigrum from Kashmir-GSFEB02\/04<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (5)<\/div>\n
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Although The Plant List treats S. nigrum<\/i> and S. americanum<\/i> as synonyms, seeing so many errors in this database I prefer to follow GRIN and eFlora of China, wherever available, since both treat them distinct<\/span> with following differences<\/p>\n

S. americanum<\/b>: Flowers less than 5 mm across; anthers 1-1.5 mm long; berries 6-7 mm in diam, shining black; fruiting calyx reflexed; seeds 1-1.5 mm long<\/span><\/div>\n
S. nigrum<\/b>: Flowers 7-10 mm across, anthers 2-3 mm long; berries 7-9 mm in diam, dull black; fruiting calyx appressed or slightly deflexed; seeds 1.7-2.5 mm long<\/span><\/div>\n
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Solanum nigrum<\/i><\/span><\/b> L., Sp. Pl. 1: 186. 1753<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>
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Branched annual herb pubescent; leaf ovate, 5-10 cm long, cuneate at base, entire to coarsely dentate, petiole up to 5 cm long; flowers white, 7-10 mm across, in extraaxillary umbellate cymes of usually more than 5 flowers; peduncle 2-4 cm long; pedicel 8-12 mm long, strongly deflexed in fruit; calyx lobes appressed to berry or slightly deflexed; corolla spreading; anthers 2.5-3.5 mm long; ripe berry dull black, 7-9 mm in diam; seeds 2 mm long
\n<\/span><\/span>Photographed <\/span>from Kashmir<\/span><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mana%20thkalai%20fl.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum nigrum from Chennai FEB2015 BRS03<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (3)<\/div>\n
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Sharing the images of Solanum nigrum <\/i>from Chennai.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Solanaceae Fortnight: Feb2015sk03\/20: Solanum sp.?<\/a> : 9 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (7)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

This is a third common wild herb<\/span>, I find here growing alongside S. americanum<\/i>\u00a0and S. villosum<\/i>.<\/div>\n
It can grow upto 4ft.<\/span><\/div>\n
So long I thought as I have learned in this group that it is Solanum nigrum<\/i>\u00a0L.<\/div>\n
But recently one of my very favourite and very respected teacher suggests it may not be Solanum nigrum<\/i> L. at all.
\nMy earlier upload<\/a><\/div>\n
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Since fruiting calyx is strongly reflexed I request you to confirm two things:<\/div>\n
diam of flower<\/div>\n
diam of ripe fruit<\/div>\n
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this should help in deciding between S. nigrum<\/i> and S. americanum<\/i><\/p>\n

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I have taken leave today, suffering from fever since yesterday, not much though. I take this opportunity to upload a few more photographs. The set attached here is from same individual herb.<\/div>\n
The first three photographs were recorded on the 7-Feb-2015 (last week) and the rest with stats a little while ago. (13.2.15)<\/span><\/div>\n
It is interesting to note that this plant has inconspicuously dentate ridged stem.<\/div>\n
There is a document elaborating Solanum nigrum<\/i>\u00a0and allied species, with KEY and photographs, illustrations-<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
pdf link of Biodiversity International<\/a>
\nAttachments <\/span>(7)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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I think both flower size and berry confirm S. nigrum<\/i>.<\/p>\n

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I am also consulting this very paper.<\/p>\n

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Yes Sir, as per that paper it should be S. nigrum<\/i>\u00a0… but I will note more uploads of this species from other members. I have seen your uploads of both nigrum<\/i>\u00a0and villosum<\/i>.<\/p>\n

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It is Solanum indicum<\/i> – Makoi, KAKMACHI<\/b>.<\/p>\n

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Thank you Sir. There is an article about Solanum indicum<\/i>\u00a0by … which informs S. indicum<\/i>\u00a0represents three species, namely 1) S. anguivi<\/i>\u00a02) S. violaceum<\/i>\u00a0and 3) S. erianthum<\/i>\u00a0.<\/div>\n
The write up can be seen at –\u00a0efi thread<\/a>.<\/div>\n
I have the violaceum<\/i>\u00a0and \u00a0erianthum<\/i>, I will upload later. I am yet to find the S. anguivi<\/i>.<\/div>\n
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I\u00a0used to eat\u00a0makoi while playing in my childhood.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Thank you Madam, I didn’t know these fruits are edible.<\/p>\n

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Please throw some light on the claim that – Solanum nigrum<\/i> L. is a prickly herb<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/tn_Solanum%20nigrum%20-4-.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Solanaceae Fortnight:: Solanum nigrum L.-NS Feb 38\/38<\/a> : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (7)<\/span><\/div>\n
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This is a summer flowering<\/span>, less frequent species of Solanum<\/i>, quite distinct from Solanum americanum<\/i> Mill<\/span>. in number and texture of berries, fruiting calyx, flower color, smooth and angled stem..<\/span><\/div>\n
I think, these pics belong to Solanum nigrum<\/i> L.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Another super duper set Sir. It is very interesting to see this set where number of flowers (=fruits) per inflorescence is more than 10 – this goes against the claim of the species description in\u00a0pdf Link<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Solanaceae Fortnight : Solanum nigrum, Dombilvi : 22FEB15 : MN-1<\/a>\u00a0: 1 post by 1 author. 2 images.<\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/044%20Solanum%20nigrum%203%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/043%20Solanum%20nigrum%203%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/045%20Solanum%20nigrum%203%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Solanaceae fortnight: Solanum nigrum from Trivandrum: 220215 SS-4 Feb<\/a>: 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (3)<\/span><\/div>\n
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A few pictures of Solanum nigrum.<\/i><\/div>\n
Photographed on 3 May 2012<\/span> from my garden.<\/span>
\nKnown as <\/span>\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f ‘Manithakkali’<\/b> in Malayalam meaning ‘tiny tomato’.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/P1150261.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Hooghly-skMAY11\/12 Solanum nigrum L.<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (6)
\nIt is summer and the species is still flowering+fruiting<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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Solanum nigrum L. (accepted name)<\/a> : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5)<\/span><\/div>\n
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Location: Soureni, Mirik, India<\/span><\/div>\n
Date: 21 April 2017<\/span><\/div>\n
Altitude: 4400 ft.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nepali Names :\u00a0\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u00a0Kaalo Biheen\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0\/ \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0901\u0907 Kwaai \/ \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u00a0Jangalee Biheen<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_DSC0320.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Solanum nigrum L.<\/a>\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span><\/span>6 posts by 4 authors.\u00a0<\/span>Attachments<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(6<\/span>)- around 400 kb each.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Location: Nagarkot, Nepal<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Altitude : 6000 ft.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Date: 18 July 2018
\n<\/span><\/span>Habit :\u00a0Wild<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0940,<\/span> \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0941\u0921\u0940<\/span><\/strong>
\u0915\u093e\u0915\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0940<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum%20nigrum-1.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum%20nigrum-3.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC03224.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum%20nigrum-2.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum%20nigrum%20-050409a-.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum%20nigrum%20-050409e-.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture-020.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN2648.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN2649.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN2677.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC03220.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN2678.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC03221.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum%20nigrum%20140509b.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture-020-a-.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Solanum%20nigrum%20140509c.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC03221-8.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC03220-3.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN2650.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ID-2.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ID-1.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101_0993.JPG\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
at Bhadreshwar, Hooghly, West Bengal<\/span> on 11\/11\/2007; at Satara<\/span>, in the month of March’ 08; Sonepat, Haryana, 5th April 09; Lohari Panipat- May’10?; Balgarden, Srinagar on June 15, 25, 2010;<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
http:\/\/groups.google.co.in\/indiantreepix\/thread\/2b103711c34ee71c?hl=en<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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(070409SCS4-5) – Request for ID – indiantreepix | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\nSolanum nigrum – indiantreepix | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\nSolanum nigrum fro Lohari Panipat – efloraofindia | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Fwd: KAKAMACHI – efloraofindia | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n
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Solanum nigrum from Kashmir – efloraofindia | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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ID of this berry – efloraofindia | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a>
\nFor Identification – indiantreepix | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a>
\nPLANT FOR IDENTIFICATION -30 – indiantreepix | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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Solanum americanum<\/i> & Solanum nigrum<\/i>– differences;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN9896s.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN9894s.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN9899s.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN9892s.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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near Hanuman Tekdi, Pune<\/span>– Oct.’10;<\/span><\/td>\nSolanaceae member – efloraofindia | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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SOLANUM NIGRAM<\/a> : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching a collage of Solanum nigrum<\/i> (BLACK NIGHTSHADE<\/b>\/ KAKMACHI<\/b>)<\/div>\n
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Need Help in ID: Specimen 02 : Small White Flower<\/a> : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1)- 2 Mb.<\/span><\/div>\n
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These two wild shrubs are flourishing in Aramnagar, Versova, Mumbai.<\/span><\/div>\n
Need help in identifying it..<\/div>\n
The white flower is roughly 6-7mm in diameter.<\/div>\n
(Is there a good book on identifying wild shrubs of Maharashtra?)
\nBoth photographed today, <\/span>May 21, 2019.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Solanum nigrum<\/i> L. ??<\/div>\n
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\u2026 said is correct. am also agree with them.<\/div>\n
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Solanum nigrum<\/i>
\nAn important medicinal plant<\/span><\/div>\n
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Solanum nigrum L.<\/a> : 2 posts by 1 author. Attachments (9)- around 550 kb each.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Location: Sundarijal, Kathmandu<\/span><\/span>
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Date: 30 July \u00a02019<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Elevation: 16764 m.
\n<\/span><\/span>Habit : Wild<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Plant ID?<\/a> : 6 posts by 2 authors. 3 images- 1 to 2 mb each.<\/div>\n
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Found near Najafgarh<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Solanum<\/em> sp.<\/p>\n

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Solanum nigrum<\/em> L. !<\/p>\n

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Yes, thanks\u00a0\u2026<\/p>\n

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210727. Solanum nigrum or S americanum?<\/a>: 1 image.
\nMhow, Indore, MP.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
A plant which came up in a pot in our garden.
\n<\/span>Is this <\/span>Solanum nigrum<\/em> or <\/span>S americanum?<\/em><\/div>\n
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Anthers less than 1.5 mm; fruiting calyx strongly reflexed; fruit less than 8 mm in diam., shiny; corolla less than 5 mm …. Solanum americanum<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span>Anthers more than 2 mm; fruiting calyx reflexed or not; fruit mostly more than 8 mm in diam., somewhat shiny or dull; corolla more than 5 mm. ….
\n<\/span>Fruiting calyx applied to berry; berry dull black; plants copiously and evidently pubescent with erect and spreading hairs; leaves dentate or subentire, ovate to lanceolate ….. <\/span>Solanum\u00a0nigrum<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Appears close to images at\u00a0Solanum nigrum<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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Solanum nigrum Linnaeus<\/a>: 7 very high res. images.<\/p>\n

Location:\u00a0Kalikot, West Nepal<\/span><\/div>\n
Altitude: 1711m.<\/span><\/div>\n
Date: 15 August 2021
\n<\/span>Habit : Wild<\/span><\/div>\n
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Ripe fruits should help but S. americanum<\/em> is also possible<\/p>\n

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Thank you … However, S. americanum<\/em> is not listed according to the book.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Solanum nigrum and Solanum americanum<\/a>:
\nIf\u00a0Solanum americanum\u00a0\u00a0<\/i>is synonym of\u00a0Solanum nigrum\u00a0<\/i>do we need two separate pages on the website of efloraofindia?<\/p>\n
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https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/4XZGL<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/4Y3H2<\/a>
\nThank you.<\/span><\/div>\n
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They are not synonyms, separate taxa..!!<\/p>\n

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POWO also considers them as different:
\nhttps:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/names:238279-2<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/names:30048260-2<\/a><\/p>\n

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Solanum nigrum and Solan americanum<\/a>:
\nI was wondering where would this be\u00a0Solanum nigrum\u00a0<\/i>\u00a0var.\u00a0americanum\u00a0<\/i>(Mill.)O.E.Schulz as per Tropicos.<\/p>\n
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Most of the recent databases including POWO, COL, WFO treat S. americanum<\/em> Mill as distinct species.<\/p>\n

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Solanum nigrum L.<\/a>: 8 very high res. images.<\/p>\n
Location:\u00a0Surya Binayak, Bhaktapur, Nepal <\/span>
\nAltitude: \u00a01500m. <\/span>
\nDate: 04 November 2023<\/span>
\nHabit : Wild<\/span><\/p>\n
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For me you are right. It is seen wild around my house.<\/p>\n

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Nepali Names :\u00a0\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0939\u0940 Kaalo Bihee \/ \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0947\u0921\u0940 Kaalee\u00a0Gedee \/ \u091c\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u0940 \u00a0Jangalee Bihee<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Solanum villosum\u00a0<\/i>Mill. ??<\/p>\n

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Solanum villosum<\/em> seems agreeable to me, the flowering clusters as well as the pedicles do not indicate S. nigrum<\/em>..<\/p>\n

Please wait for fruits<\/p>\n
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I think looks different as per keys at
\nhttps:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/2011\/03\/26\/solanum-villosum\/<\/a><\/div>\n
Maybe
\nhttps:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/2011\/03\/26\/solanum-nigrum\/<\/a>\u00a0only.<\/p>\n
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References:<\/div>\n
POWO<\/a>\u00a0 Catalogue of Life<\/a>\u00a0 Flora of Peninsular India<\/a><\/div>\n
GRIN<\/a>\u00a0 Flora of China<\/a>\u00a0 The Plant List Ver.1.1<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Tropicos<\/a>\u00a0 FOC illustration<\/a>\u00a0 Flora of Pakistan<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal<\/a>\u00a0 Flowers of India<\/a>\u00a0 India Biodiversity Portal<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 Wikipedia<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Herbs Cultivation and Medicinal Uses<\/a> By H. Panda (1999)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Flora of Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/a> By T. Pullaiah, Chintala Prabhakar, B. Ravi Prasad Rao\u00a0(1998) <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
http:\/\/www.amaltas.org\/ayurvedic-herbs\/solanum-nigrum<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.jpg<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
florabase.jpg<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
motherherbs<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Solanum nigrum L., Sp. pl. 1:186. 1753 (syn: Solanum acutifolium Kit. ex Kanitz; Solanum astroites G.Forst.; Solanum atriplicifolium Desp. ex Dunal; Solanum besserianum Weinm.; Solanum bidentatum Raf.; Solanum cechicum Opiz; Solanum cestrifolium Jacq. ex Weinw.; Solanum cestrifolium Jacq. ex Spreng.; Solanum cestrophyllum Dunal; Solanum chenopodiifolium H.L\u00e9v.; Solanum chenopodium Raf.; Solanum…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[4895],"ht-kb-tag":[],"class_list":["post-1193358","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-solanum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/1193358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ht_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1193358"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/1193358\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1193358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-category?post=1193358"},{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-tag?post=1193358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}