{"id":1243643,"date":"2011-03-27T16:10:56","date_gmt":"2011-03-27T16:10:56","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-24T18:49:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T13:19:09","slug":"santalum-album","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/efi\/santalum-album\/","title":{"rendered":"Santalum album"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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IUCN Red List Status: Vulnerable (VU)
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\n<\/b><\/span>Santalum album<\/i> L., Sp. Pl. 1: 349 349 1753<\/i>. (syn: Santalum ellipticum<\/i> Zipp. ex Span.; Santalum myrtifolium<\/i> L.; Santalum myrtifolium<\/i> L. ex Roxb.; Santalum ovata<\/i> R.Br.) as per Catalogue of Life<\/span><\/a>;
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\nIndia (Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu), Bangladesh, Thailand (I),<\/span> Nepal (I), Sri Lanka,<\/span> China (I) (Guangdong (I)), Australia (Northern Territory: coastal and Islands), Taiwan (I), Java (I), Palau Isl. (I) (Pohnpei (I)), Society Isl. (I) (Tahiti (I)), Mauritius (I), La Runion (I), Rodrigues (I), Myanmar [Burma] (I), Vietnam (I)<\/span> as per <\/span>Catalogue of Life<\/a>;
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\u00bf\u00a0<\/span>sun-TUH-lum<\/b>\u00a0? — most possibly from Sanskrit \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u0902 (<\/span>chandanam<\/i>) …\u00a0<\/span>Wiktionary<\/a>
AL-bum<\/b>\u00a0— white …\u00a0<\/span>Dave’s Botanary<\/a><\/span>
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commonly known as<\/b>: Indian sandalwood, white sandalwood \u2022\u00a0Arabic<\/b>: \u0635\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0644 sandal \u2022\u00a0Assamese<\/b>: \u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8 sondon \u2022\u00a0Bengali<\/b>: \u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8 chandan \u2022\u00a0Bhojpuri<\/b>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0902\u0926\u0928 bharatiya chandan \u2022\u00a0Bodo<\/b>: \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 sandan \u2022\u00a0Dogri<\/b>: \u091a\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0928 chitta channan \u2022\u00a0Gujarati<\/b>: \u0a9a\u0a82\u0aa6\u0aa8 chandan \u2022\u00a0Hindi<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandan, \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0932 sandal \u2022\u00a0Kannada<\/b>: \u0cad\u0ca6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0 bhadrashri, \u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0c82\u0ca7 srigandha \u2022\u00a0Kashmiri<\/b>: \u091a\u093c\u0902\u0926\u0928\u094d \u02a6andan \u2022\u00a0Koch<\/b>: botsam chandan \u2022\u00a0Konkani<\/b>: \u091a\u0902\u0926\u0928 chandan, \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0926 gaandh, \u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0cbe\u0c82\u0ca6 shrigaandh \u2022\u00a0Malayalam<\/b>: \u0d1a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d28\u0d02 chandanam \u2022\u00a0Manipuri<\/b>: \uabc6\uabdf\uabd7\uabdf \u099a\u0982\u09a6\u09a8 chandan \u2022\u00a0Marathi<\/b>: \u091a\u0902\u0926\u0928 chandan, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0902\u0921 shrikhand \u2022\u00a0Mizo<\/b>: sawndawn \u2022\u00a0Nepali<\/b>: \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 shreekhand \u2022\u00a0Odia<\/b>: \u0b1a\u0b28\u0b4d\u0b26\u0b28 chandan \u2022\u00a0Pali<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandana \u2022\u00a0Persian<\/b>: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644 sandal \u2022\u00a0Punjabi<\/b>: \u0a1a\u0a70\u0a26\u0a28 chandan, \u0a2a\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a32 parmal, \u0a38\u0a70\u0a26\u0a32 sandal \u2022\u00a0Rajasthani<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandan \u2022\u00a0Sanskrit<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u092e\u094d chandanam, \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0925 barbarottha, \u092d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 bhadrashri, \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u093f chandradyuti, \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 chandrakanta, \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917 ekanga, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0938\u093e\u0930 gandhasara, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0922\u094d\u092f gandhadhya, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0930\u093e\u091c gandharaja, \u0939\u093f\u092e hima, \u0915\u094b\u0936\u0940 koshi, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0939 maharha, \u092e\u0932\u092f\u091c malayaja, \u092e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0932\u094d\u092f mangalya, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917 paraga, \u092a\u091f\u0940\u0930 patira, \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0917 pattaraga, \u092b\u0932\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d phalakin, \u092a\u0940\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0930 pitasara, \u0930\u094c\u0939\u093f\u0923 rauhina, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927 saragandha, \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932 shitala, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 shrikhanda, \u0936\u0941\u092d\u094d\u0930 shubhra, \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0930 shvetasara, \u0938\u093f\u0924 sita, \u0938\u0941\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927 sugandha, \u0938\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0921\u093f sukkadi, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 surottara, \u0924\u0948\u0932\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0940 tailaparni, \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0917\u0941\u0915 valguka, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915 varnaka, \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0915 vedhaka, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u091f vikata, \u092f\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092f yamya, \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f yogya \u2022\u00a0Santali<\/b>: \u1c60\u1c5a\u1c71\u1c70\u1c5a\u1c71 condon \u2022\u00a0Sindhi<\/b>: \u0686\u064e\u0646\u062f\u064e\u0646\u064f chandanu \u2022\u00a0Tamil<\/b>: \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd chandanam \u2022\u00a0Telugu<\/b>: \u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c40\u0c17\u0c02\u0c27\u0c02 srigandham \u2022\u00a0Tibetan<\/b>: \u0f59\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f53 tsan-dan \u2022\u00a0Tulu<\/b>: \u0c9a\u0c82\u0ca6\u0ca8 chandana, \u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0ce6\u0ca7 shrigandha \u2022\u00a0Urdu<\/b>: \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0646 chandan
\nNames compiled \/ updated at\u00a0https:\/\/dineshvalke.blogspot.com\/2024\/08\/santalum-album-l.html<\/a>
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Evergreen trees, to 10 m high, bark surface dark grey to nearly black, rough with short vertical cracks. Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 12-18 mm long, slender, glabrous, grooved above; lamina 3.7-12 x 2-4 cm, elliptic, elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base acute or round, apex acute, margin entire, glabrous, shiny above and glaucous beneath, coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-13 pairs, pinnate, faint, intercostae reticulate, obscure. Flowers bisexual, 5-6 mm across, reddish-purple, in axillary and terminal paniculate cymes, much shorter than leaves; tepals 5, basally connate into a campanulate tube of 2 mm long, shortly connate to the basal part of the ovary; lobes 2.5 x 1.5 mm, ovate, thin, fleshy, glaucescent without, minutely ciliate; disc concave, adhering to the bottom of perianth, its lobes alternates with tepals; stamens 5, alternates with disc; filaments 1 mm; anthers 0.7 mm, ovoid, 2-celled; ovary superior later half inferior at the time of flowering, globose, 1 mm, 1-celled, ovules 2-3, pendulous from below the long, acuminate, central column; style 1.5 mm, stigma 3 lobed. Fruit a drupe, 8-12 mm across, globose, blackish-purple, annulate above, beaked with the basal part of the style; seed one. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Flowering and fruiting: November-December<\/span><\/div>\n
Dry deciduous forests, also grown in homesteads<\/span><\/div>\n
Peninsular India and Malesia<\/span><\/div>\n
(From India Biodiversity Portal<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n
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Attributions- Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi<\/span><\/a>)<\/div>\n
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Santalum album<\/i> or <\/span>Indian sandalwood<\/b> is a small tropical tree, the most commonly known source of <\/span>sandalwood<\/span><\/a>. This species has been utilised, cultivated and traded for many years,<\/span>[clarification needed<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup> some cultures placing great significance on its fragrant and medicinal qualities. For these reasons it has been extensively exploited, to the point where the wild population is vulnerable to extinction. It still commands high prices for its <\/span>essential oil<\/span><\/a>, but due to lack of sizable trees it is no longer used for fine <\/span>woodworking<\/span><\/a> as before. The plant is widely cultivated and long lived, although harvest is viable after 40 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The species is threatened by <\/span>over-exploitation<\/span><\/a> and degradation to <\/span>habitat<\/span><\/a> through altered land use; fire, agriculture and land-clearing are the factors of most concern. To preserve this <\/span>vulnerable<\/span><\/a> resource from over-exploitation, legislation protects the species, and cultivation is researched and developed.[4]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>[5]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>[6]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
The Indian government has placed a ban on the export of the timber.[1]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
The use of S.\u00a0album<\/i> in India is noted in literature for over two thousand years. It has use as wood and oil in religious practices. It also features as a construction material in temples and elsewhere. The Indian government has banned the export of the species to reduce the threat by over-harvesting.<\/span> In the southern Indian state of Karnataka, all trees of greater than a specified girth are the property of the state. Cutting of trees, even on private property, is regulated by the Forest Department.[8]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> The infamous forest bandit Veerappan<\/span><\/a> was involved in the illegal felling of sandalwood trees from forests.<\/div>\n
(From Wikipedia<\/a>\u00a0on 30.9.13)<\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sandalwood%20--%20buds%20and%20flowers%20008.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sandalwood%20flowers-DSCN8564.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sndalwood%20fruit%20and%20trunk%20001.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sndalwood%20fruit%20and%20trunk%20006.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sandalwood%20--%20buds%20and%20flowers%20004.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sndalwood%20fruit%20and%20trunk%20005.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sandalwood%20--%20buds%20and%20flowers%20007.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Sandalwood buds and flowers<\/a>:
\nSeen on a sandalwood<\/b> tree growing wild in Bangalore<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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-Botanical name is Santalum album<\/i>, as I know. \u00a0This is most common in Mysore city and surroundings.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 Comes up naturally and protected tree.<\/span> \u00a0If this tree comes up in any house one has to inform the Forest department and one cannot cut this tree. Another common tree in Mysore city is Magnolia champaka<\/i>. \u00a0Infact many varieties are seen if you walk on the road during the flowering season.<\/p>\n

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-Adding my picture of Sandalwood flowers taken at Nasik, Maharashtra<\/span> on the 8th of Sept,09.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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SYMBIOSIS<\/a>:
\nI received a sapling of Chandan<\/b> ( Santalum album<\/i> ) from my friend Col ..,in 2002, from Pune .That sapling is now almost 10 ft tall tree. Bears flowers and fruits. Many butterfly species visit the flowers. Koel, Bluethroated Barbet and Redvented Bulbul relish the fruits.<\/span> I can observe these activities from close quarter. Attaching an image. You may like it.<\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Chandan.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
VALMIKI : OBSERVER OF NATURE<\/a>\u00a0(mixed thread):\u00a01 correct image.<\/div>\n
Do you know that Valmiki did not mention about any LAKSHMAN REKHA in his Ramayan? I was surprised when I came to know about this information, by reading Ramayan by Valmiki in orgianal. I did it in 1995. I think this famous Lakshman Rekha is from Ramcharit Manas by Tulsidas. If you are surprised, please go through Valmiki Ramayan.<\/div>\n
I am attaching an image of another plant mentioned by Valmiki. This one is famous CHANDAN.
\nAt first I want to apologize for an error on the image of CHANDAN<\/b>, I fwd yesterday. …\u00a0 was nice to point out the error. I am thankful to him. The scientific name of this plant is Santalum album<\/i>. I am attaching a corrected version of the image.<\/p>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC07212.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Santalum album<\/a>:
\nSantalum album<\/i>
\nChandan<\/b>
\nToday at Alibag,Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS<\/a>: 1 correct image as above.<\/div>\n
Attaching an image of Redvented Bulbul<\/span><\/b> eating fruit of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>). So far I have recorded 5 birds on Chandan flower\/fruit. But the score of Redvented Bulbul is 87 fruit\/\/flower!!!\u00a0I find it amazing.<\/div>\n
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Attaching an imge of a Great Eggfly butterfly ( Female ) on Gomphrena flower( a garden flower ,blooms at this time of the year ).I have recorded 11 species of butterfly on this flower so far.The score of Great Eggfly is 24 flowers.<\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/280920112097.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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efloraofindia:”For Id 30092011MR15\u2019\u2019 shrub pale green leaves Pune<\/a>:
\nDate\/Time-Sep 2011<\/div>\n
Location- Place, Altitude, GPS-Pune<\/span>
\nHabitat- Garden\/ Urban\/ Wild\/ Type-Garden<\/span>
\nPlant Habit- Tree\/ Shrub\/ Climber\/ Herb- Shrub<\/span>
\nHeight\/Length- 4-5 ft
\n<\/span>Leaves Type\/ Shape\/ Size- pale green
\nNo flowers or fruits seen<\/div>\n
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This is Santalum album<\/i> (Indian Sandalwood Tree<\/b>) of Santalaceae<\/i> family.<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS 70:<\/a>
\nAttaching the image of the 70th member of the series. Here a Blackheaded Oriole<\/span><\/b> is eating the fruit of Chandan <\/b>(Santalum album<\/i>).<\/span> The bird took the fruit from the Chandan tree and flew to the nearby Oleander tree and ate the fruit there. This is the first time i saw a Blackheaded Oriole eating Chandan fruit.<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 76:<\/a>
\nAttaching an image of the 76th member of the series. Here avagrant butterfly is on the flowers of Santalum album.<\/i><\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0058.JPG\"\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0060.JPG\"\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SNV30780s.jpg\"<\/a><\/i>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Santalum%20album2.jpg\"<\/i>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0056-1.JPG\"<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

efloraindia: 151111:<\/a><\/p>\n

Pl. find the attached file contain photos of Santalum album.<\/i><\/div>\n
Location: NBNP Garden, Anaikatti, Coimbatore Dist.,<\/span><\/div>\n
Habitat: Garden<\/span><\/div>\n
Habit: Tree.
\n<\/span>Flowering season Oct. to Nov.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Nice pictures of the flowers…of <\/span>Chandan<\/b> tree..<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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have seen creamish flowers.. never these reddish… may be I should have hung around the place for a few days? older flowers are red???<\/p>\n

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I have seen flowers which are same like these ones.
\nThe younger flowers may not have that colour and are white as you say. Agreed<\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 180<\/a>:
\nAttaching an image of Striped Albatross<\/span><\/b> butterfly on the flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (Chandan<\/b>)<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 201:<\/a>
\nAttaching an image of a Blue tiger butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of santalum album. <\/i>This is our famous CHANDAN<\/b>.<\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 202:<\/a>
\nAttaching an image of a Common Bluebottle butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of Santalum album. <\/i>If you are having CHANDAN tree in your locality try to observe. You will be surprised to note the number of species of butterfly visiting this small size flower.<\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 204:<\/a>
\nAttaching an image of Tailed Jay butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of Santalum album <\/i>( CHANDAN )..<\/p>\n

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efloraofindia:”For Id 17102012MR2\u2019\u2019 tree with green, red and black cherry like fruits at Pune:<\/a>
\n09\/10\/2012<\/span> Pune
\n<\/span>Requesting identification of <\/span>another tree about 15 feet, with green, red and black berries in the same public park. <\/span>The branches were at a lower height. Is this also some <\/span>Ficus<\/i> sp?<\/span><\/p>\n

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what about santalum album <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

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Many thanks … for the Id. I had not seen fruits of Santalum album<\/i> before but only flowers. Now I know how they look.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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efloraofindia:”For Id 17102012MR3\u2019\u2019 tree with green, red and black cherry like fruits at Pune:<\/a>
\n09\/10\/2012<\/span> Pune
\n<\/span>Requesting identification of another tree about 15 feet, with green, red and black berries in the same public park<\/span>.
\nThe branches were at a lower height. Is this also some Ficus<\/i> sp?
\n<\/span>Pardon me if this post appears twice as when I sent it the first time it bounced.<\/span><\/p>\n

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I<\/span> think\u00a0… had IDd this as Santalum album<\/i>. I agree on his ID<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 288:<\/a>
\nAttaching an image of a male Koel<\/b><\/span> on the fruits of Santalum album. <\/i>This is famous CHANDAN<\/b>.<\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS<\/a>: 1 correct image as above.
\nButterflies are very active these days. Sending an image of<\/span> male of<\/b>Great Eggfly<\/b><\/span>, <\/span>on flowers of Santalum album <\/i>(CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0883%20%20_1.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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efloraofindia:”Id 09032013MR1\u2019\u2019 flowers of Santalum album at Pune<\/a> :\u00a0\u00a0Attachments (4).\u00a0\u00a03 posts by 2 authors.
\n<\/span>June 2012
\n<\/span>Sharing images of flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> at a housing society garden<\/span> at Pune<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Beautiful close-ups!<\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 375<\/a> : Attachments (1).\u00a0\u00a01 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Commander <\/b>butterfly<\/b><\/span> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS :378<\/a> :\u00a0\u00a0Attachments (1). 1 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of <\/span>Tailed jay butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i><\/b> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 385<\/a> : Attachments (1).\u00a0\u00a01 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Grey Pansy butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 387<\/a> :\u00a0\u00a0Attachments (1).\u00a0\u00a01 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Lemon Pansy butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 388<\/a> :\u00a0\u00a0Attachments (1).\u00a0\u00a01 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Common Pierrot butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_1599.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Requesting ID of this medium sized with tiny red flowers – Mumbai :01072013 : ARK-01 : June 2013<\/a> : Attachments (3). 2 posts by 1 author.
\nRequesting to please ID\u00a0<\/span>medium sized <\/span>with tiny red flowers<\/span>\u00a0captured <\/span>in Mumbai in June 2013.<\/span><\/div>\n
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This has been IDed as Santalum album<\/i> on Indian Flora by\u00a0…<\/p>\n

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05072013 ASP 79<\/a> :\u00a0\u00a0Attachments (1).\u00a0\u00a02 posts by 2 authors.
\nPlease Id this <\/span>medicinal tree<\/span>. Photo was taken <\/span>in Sri Lanka<\/span> in March 2013.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Santalum album<\/i>, the sandalwood tree.<\/b><\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS :414<\/a> : Attachments (1). 2 posts by 2 authors.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Striped tiger<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>)<\/span><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/P1060729.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/P1060719.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Hooghly today : Santalum album L.<\/a> : Attachments (8). 7 posts by 4 authors.
\nThis seems to be\u00a0<\/span>Santalum album<\/i> L.<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>growing in a home-yard.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Yes Very good pictures of Santalum album
\n<\/i>Santalaceae<\/i>. Chandan tree.<\/b><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 495<\/a> : Attachments (1). 1 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Koel (F),<\/b> on the fruits of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 496<\/a> : Attachments (1). 1 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Koel (Male),<\/span><\/b> on the fruits of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS :514<\/a> : Attachments (1).\u00a0\u00a01 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of <\/span>Red Whiskered Bulbul<\/span><\/b> on the fruits of<\/span> Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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OBSERVATION IN NATURE: SEDUCE<\/a> :\u00a0\u00a0Attachments (1). 1 post by 1 author.
\nIf you are fortunate to have <\/span>Santalum album <\/i>(<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>) tree near your home, you are likely to observe wonderful events on that tree. Some 50 species of butterfly visit the flowers of this tree. Some 5 species of bird visit the fruits of this tree. On 16-03-2014 I was lucky to observe a <\/span>female Koel being seduced by a male koel<\/span><\/b> by offering her fruit of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>. On earlier occasion I have seen male Koel offering fruits of PAKUR and Weeping Palm to the female one to seduce her. Attaching an image of on the subject,<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 612<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1) .
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Red Lacewing butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/059%20Santalum%20album%2023%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/064%20Santalum%20album%2023%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/069%20Santalum%20album%2023%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/071%20Santalum%20album%2023%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/058%20Santalum%20album%2023%20May%20-12.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5%20Santalum%20album%2026%20Sep%20-11.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4%20Santalum%20album%2026%20Sep%20-11.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Santalum album from Trivandrum : 290614 : SS June01<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (9).<\/div>\n
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Sharing a few pictures of the Sandal wood tree<\/b> in flower and fruit from my garden.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
This tree was not planted but sprouted from bird droppings.
\n<\/span>Santalum album. <\/span>Family: <\/span>Santalaceae<\/i><\/div>\n
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Santalum album L. SN July 13<\/a> : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3).
\nSantalum album<\/b><\/i> L, wild sandal tree in fruiting, <\/span>seeds also shown here.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Thanks … for posting nice images..<\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 650<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Red-spot Jezebel butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 651<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>female<\/b>Common Mormon butterfly<\/b><\/span> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 652<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Leopard Lace Wing (female) butterfly<\/span><\/b>, on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 655<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Black-hooded Oriole<\/span><\/b> on the fruits of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 662<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Common Map butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>. This is the first time I saw this species <\/span>at Cooch Behar town<\/span> in last 10 years, but the species is common in North Bengal forests.<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 661<\/a> : 2 posts by 2 authors.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Commander butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalun album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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Beautiful Symbiosis..<\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 676<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Common Jester butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%2010.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%206.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%204.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%205.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%207.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%208.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%209.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/R%20B%20Jezebel%201.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
SANTALUM ALBUM( CHANDAN ): AN UNIQUE ECOLOGICAL NICHE<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (10)<\/span><\/div>\n
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In 2002 my friend Col. P K Sarkar (AMC) sent a sapling of Santalum album<\/i> from Pune. It has turned into a small tree now. I find it to be a laboratory for ecological studies. I recorded more than 50 species of butterflies visiting the tiny flowers of this tree and some 5 species of birds feasting on the fruits of this tree. Recently I found some larva on this plant. I knew these to be of Red Base Jezebel<\/b>. In 2009 I saw a Brain fever bird<\/b>(PAPIHA)<\/b> feeding on these larva. As I was worried about the health of the tree, I removed the larva with the help of a stick. Some larva fell on the plants below. In course of time these larva pupate and butterflies emerged. I recorded the recent larva for 3 days. On 4th day the larva were missing. But on 5th day I found two visitors on the tree in the shape of BLACK-HOODED ORIOLE<\/b> and BRAIN FEVER BIRD. To my mind either of these bird must have eaten the larva.
\n<\/span>This story is depicted with the help of 10 attached images.<\/span><\/p>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 729<\/a>\u00a0: 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching an image of a <\/span>Chestnut Tailed Starling<\/span><\/b> on the fruits on <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%2015.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%204.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%2014.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%207.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%205.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%2016.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%206.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%208.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%2013.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%2012.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%2011.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%2010.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%209.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%203.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%202.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/L%201.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
SANTALUM ALBUM: A LINK IN THE LIFE OF RED BASE JEZEBEL<\/a> : 6 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (16)<\/div>\n
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On 01-01-2015 I located few larvae of Red Base Jezebel on a branch of Santalum album<\/i>. I followed those larvae from 01-01-2015 onward. On 06-01-2015 I observed a Black Hooded Oriole <\/b>feeding on the larvae and shifted them on an earthen plate and kept it on the balcony. To my surprise I found that the plate was lying upside down on the table with the larvae in it. I suspected that the same Black Hooded Oriole must have done it. Fortunately the larvae were still there. I found the Oriole visiting the tree in the evening. I shifted the plate along with the larvae in side the room. I used to supply fresh leaves of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>) every day till 17 -01-2015 (that is the day first pupa was formed). The butterfly emerged when the pupa was 14 days old. As the larvae of this species stay together even when they are full grown and ready to pupate I could see some 19 pupa on the plate (total number of larvae was 21). I followed this activity till 01 Feb when the last butterfly emerged. Taken few hundred images of this fascinating activity. Attaching some 16 images of this story as a New Year gift. My New Year is made. I think it’s a life time experience.<\/span><\/p>\n

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thank you, … for the pictures
\n<\/span>for taking time to tell us the story and sending it in
\n<\/span>yes indeed a life time story<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A careful follow up and interest lead you to see what is not easily observable..
\nNice to know that this task enabled you witness the great metamorphosis..
\n<\/span>Thanks … for sharing your experience and nice images..<\/span><\/p>\n

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Thanks … for sharing this wonderful and exiting experience along with series of beautiful self explanatory photographs.. No doubt, it’s a life time experience.. Perfect New year Gift for all… Thanks again..and keep sharing.<\/p>\n

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dont thank me for liking the story<\/p>\n

i loved it<\/div>\n
I think the whole world should see this carefully studied case<\/div>\n
You are a true example of citizen observing nature consistently and thus contributing to our knowledge and enjoyment, and hence a CITIZEN-SCIENTIST..<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 773<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>female Coloured Sergeant butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 784<\/a>\u00a0: 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching an image of a <\/span>Common Rose butterfly<\/span><\/b> on <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 785<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching an image of <\/span>Chestnut Bob butterfly<\/span><\/b> visiting flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS :796<\/a>\u00a0: 1 post by 1 author.\u00a0Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching an image of a <\/span>Tree Pie<\/b><\/span> on the fruits of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS :797<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching an image of a <\/span>Common Jay butterfly<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 799<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching an image of a Great Egg Fly<\/span><\/b> visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>)<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 800<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Common Spotted Flat<\/b><\/span> visiting flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 801<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching an image of a Chestnut Bob butterfly<\/b><\/span> visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 802<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (<\/span>1<\/span>)
\n<\/span>Attaching an image of a <\/span>Carpenter Bee<\/span><\/b> visiting flowers of <\/span>Santalum album <\/i>(<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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Fwd: Malayalam name of Santalam album<\/a> : 4 posts by 3 authors.
\nIn the efi page on <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> the Malayalam name should be written as\u00a0<\/span>\u0d1a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d28\u0d02<\/b>.
\n<\/span>Hope this can be incorporated in the page.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Many thanks … for this name and for it in native script.<\/p>\n

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Malayalam: Chandanam, Gandharajan<\/span><\/b>.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Image by tspkumar<\/span><\/p>\n
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TSPNOV2015-1: Images of Santalum album (Santalaceae)<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (5)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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It is my pleasure to share\u00a0few images of Santalum album<\/i>\u00a0(Santalaceae<\/i>)<\/div>\n
Habit: Medium sized tree, a partial root parasite in the initial stages.
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Habitat: Moist and dry deciduous forests.<\/span><\/div>\n
Sighting: Chikmagalur, Karnataka, about 1000 msl
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Date: 6-06-2014, 26-06-2014, 29-09-2014, 8-10-2014 and 8-07-2015<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 807<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching an image of a Leopard Lacewing butterfly<\/span> (female)<\/span><\/b> visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 818<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching an image of a male Leopard Lace Wing<\/span><\/b> visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>). The butterfly in the image was released from the pupa just a while ago.<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 821<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author.\u00a0Attachments (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching an image of a female Large Egg-fly<\/span><\/b> visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/div>\n
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OBSERVATION ON A CHANDAN TREE ( SANTALUM ALBUM ): COLLECTION OF BUILDING MATERIAL BY RUFOUS TREE PIE<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author.
\nCHANDAN<\/b> TREE (<\/span>Santalum album<\/i>) has taught me a few lessons. I tried to understand Symbiotic relationship between butterfly and\u00a0 this tree, tried to understand the symbiotic relationship between birds and this tree, tried to understand life cycle of Red-base Jezebel butterfly on this tree and diet of Black-hooded Oriole and Brain fever bird on this tree.<\/span><\/div>\n
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I saw two Rufous\u00a0Tree Pie<\/span><\/b> collecting materials (twigs of Saltalum album<\/i>) from this tree. What a luxury to build a nest with CHANDAN!!. Attaching few images of that observation.<\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Santalum%20%205.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Santalum%20%203.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Santalum%20%202%20.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Santalum album (santalaceae), from Rahata Taluka, Ahemdnagar, May-16<\/a> : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (6)
\n<\/span>Please find attached set of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>Santalaceae<\/i>)<\/span> from Rahata near Shirdi.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Happy to see an intact tree.<\/p>\n

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There were two of them !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0599-2.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0588-8-0.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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SK29JUL3-2016:ID<\/a> : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (5)<\/span><\/div>\n
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Enclosing some pictures for identification.
\nLocation : Sukute, Nepal
\nAltitude: \u00a03000 ft.
\nDate: 23 July 2014<\/span><\/p>\n

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This looks like Santalum album<\/i>– (Sandalwood<\/b>)..<\/p>\n

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Yes it is ! Thank you …<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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SYMBIOSIS : 826<\/a> : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching an image of a Asiatic Pied Starling<\/span><\/b> feeding on the fruits of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 833<\/a>\u00a0: 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching an image of a <\/span>Blue Throated Barbet<\/span><\/b> with collection of fruits of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>) on beaks. This indicates the bird Is having a nest in the nearby area and the fruits are for the chick.<\/span><\/div>\n
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very clearly depicted. love it<\/div>\n
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OBSERVATION : PREFERENCE OF FLOWERS BY BUTTERFLIES( ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS\/SANTALUM ALBUM )<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0 I find Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN) bloom almost throughout the year. As the tree is in our house observation is easy. There is one Alstonia scholaris<\/i> tree (DEVIL’S TREE\/ CHATIM) which is approximately 150 meters away from the Santalum album<\/i>. I have recorded more than 50 species of butterflies visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> and recorded some 38 species of butterflies visiting flowers of Alstonia scholaris<\/i>.. Species of butterflies may be much more but as observation was made only for a limited period, number recorded may be less.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 During the month of October this year I observed the following butterflies visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i>,<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. Peacock Pansy<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02. Grey Pansy<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3. common Crow<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4. Common Leopard<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5. Common Sailer<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6. Common Four Ring<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7. Blank Swift<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8. Great Egg fly<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Alstonia scholaris<\/i> was in bloom around 20-10-2016. I made some recoding on 28 and 29 October 2016 (Total period spent was not more than two hours).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The following species of butterflies visited flowers of Alstonia scholaris<\/i> during my observation.<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. Red Spot Jezebel<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. Red Base Jezebel<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3. Red Spot\u00a0 Saw tooth<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4. Peacock Pansy<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5. Common crow<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6. Common Albatross<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7. Striped Albatross<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8. Blue Tiger<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9. Common Grass yellow<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10. Common Emigrant<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11.Great Egg fly<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12. Blank Swift<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It was interesting to note that huge number of Red Spot Jezebel and Red Base Jezebel were visiting the flowers of Alstonia scholaris but not a single one\u00a0visited flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (though I have recorded Jezebels on this flower earlier.)
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 May be butterflies prefer flowers of <\/span>Alstonia scholaris<\/i> more than the flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Re: SYMBIOSIS : 869<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author.
\nAttaching an image of a <\/span>Common Palm Fly<\/b> (male),<\/span> visiting flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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SYMBIOSIS :873<\/a> : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching collage in which both<\/span> male and female Striped Albatross<\/span><\/b> are visiting flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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SYMBIOSIS : 875<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching an image of a Red Spot Jezebel<\/span><\/b> on the flowers of Saltalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/knX2QirMPiViCTIfEgVTqlm5BcQ2hblzLdTE2q9l3aY5ys28wex0bHrZqHUKlmqEyO6PzqBR397ZhG720dt3WDY3ThyEXAWPl8v12LyfDTF0Ww-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/748Cy26tVZlA1dHWWEKyaQ3uxlnQPiwXckHt6ueI-onNKr5rqTQqqb6uySondROUQwxjhDYnOAs416SFh2Hcy0LiecVzR3W-HF-QwKGnd1SzAw-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1dp8ssy2T0N5IYAzZsfZozBVhSxhHwMiG7PLSmwu8Lr0njtnGTT9i14Rydc1amz_rJ2DqB4K90zYyENpABbaApn2hLd79D8Ca0rP65NvELX_Uw-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/24gYg411Z1KcnCIlzfBycAVfGmYN23zUdVfP_TlhL2u6RJDuxokdjza6K5hbviGoGOHjUOQJDbEPHG2bYCH4bRDvzNug454-YyGhhwGzSJUtNA-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SuQPwqTkZBnl5-vwBuK6q3tpcjYId2T24OmGD1QyyW3XN1xKq8zD5DiBk75BrAjaNDugZKWuFH4eBnS6C4w2H_5CzDAJqNvFvAARbOHd_w7TMQ-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/pdQrzr66dGp9XcVenm6uIgqr38CV5tU2kPbiHsb2Gj4SNEchIY8-s9sdZaBi5wOXZiQP_dpZX2aMcpk6Oqf4z8nXDnr8ZEYgnyaGFUzZVqOfuA-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Santalum album :: Kemmangundi Road :: 13 NOV 2016 :: DVDEC28<\/a> : 2 posts by 2 authors. 6 images.<\/div>\n
Kemmangundi Road\u00a0Karnataka<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Date: 13 NOV 2016 … Altitude: ~ 1021 – 1369 m (3349 – 4491 ft) asl
\n<\/span>Santalum album<\/i>\u00a0L.\u00a0<\/span>… (family: Santalaceae<\/i>)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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Superb images,\u00a0…<\/p>\n

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Fwd: SYMBIOSIS : 880<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n
Hello, attaching a collage of Commander<\/span><\/b> visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/div>\n
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Fwd: SYMBIOSIS : 886<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n
Hello, attaching an image of a Red Whiskered Bulbul<\/b><\/span> relishing fruits of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/div>\n
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Fwd: SYMBIOSIS : 917<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching a collage where White Eye<\/span><\/b> is visiting Santalum album<\/i>.<\/div>\n
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Fwd: SYMBIOSIS : 925<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching a collage of <\/span>Purple Sunbird (female)<\/b><\/span> visiting flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>)<\/span><\/div>\n
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Fwd: SYMBIOSIS : 938<\/a> : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)<\/span><\/div>\n
Attaching a collage of 13 species of butterflies visiting flowers of Santalum album<\/i> (CHANDAN<\/b>). At this time of the year you find many visitors on these tiny flowers of this plant. Even though there are other flowering plants like Peacock flower, Bleeding heart, Crepe myrtle in the vicinity butterflies congregates on this plant.<\/div>\n
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Fwd: SYMBIOSIS : 939<\/a> : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
\n<\/span>Attaching a collage in which seven species of butterfly are visiting flowers of <\/span>Santalum album<\/i> (<\/span>CHANDAN<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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Names of Plants in India :: Santalum album L.<\/a> : 3 posts by 3 authors.<\/div>\n
via Species<\/a>\u200e > \u200eS<\/a>\u200e >\u00a0Santalum album<\/i>\u00a0L. …\u00a0family<\/b>: Santalaceae<\/i><\/div>\n
\"Flowers<\/a>\u00a0\"Discussions<\/a>\u00a0\"more<\/a>\u00a0\"more<\/a>
\u00bf<\/span><\/span>sun-TUH-lum<\/b>\u00a0? — most possibly from Sanskrit \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u0902 (<\/span>chandanam<\/i><\/span>)<\/span> …\u00a0<\/span>Wiktionary<\/a>
AL-bum<\/span><\/b>\u00a0— white<\/span> …\u00a0<\/span>Dave’s Botanary<\/a>
commonly known as<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>Indian sandalwood<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>white sandalwood<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Assamese<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8 chandan<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Bengali<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8 chandan<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Gujarati<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0a9a\u0a82\u0aa6\u0aa8 chandan<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Hindi<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandan<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0932 sandal<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Kannada<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0c82\u0ca7 srigandha<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Konkani<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0926 gaandh<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0902\u0927 shrigandh<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Malayalam<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0d1a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d28\u0d02 chandanam<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Manipuri<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u099a\u0982\u09a6\u09a8 chandan<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Marathi<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u0928 chandan<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0902\u0921 shrikhand<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Mizo<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>sawndawn<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Nepali<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 shrikhand<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Odia<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0b1a\u0b28\u0b4d\u0b26\u0b28 chandan<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Pali<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandana<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Punjabi<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0a1a\u0a70\u0a26\u0a28 chandan<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0a38\u0a70\u0a26\u0a32 sandal<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Sanskrit<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u092e\u094d chandanam<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Tamil<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd chandanam<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Telugu<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c40\u0c17\u0c02\u0c27\u0c02 srigandham<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Tibetan<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>tsan dan<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Tulu<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0c9a\u0c82\u0ca6\u0ca8 chandana<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0ce6\u0ca7 shrigandha<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/span>Urdu<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0646 chandan<\/a>
… more names derived from Sanskrit in\u00a0<\/span>Odia<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0b2d\u0b26\u0b4d\u0b30\u0b36\u0b4d\u0b30\u0b40 bhadrashri<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0b39\u0b30\u0b3f\u0b1a\u0b28\u0b4d\u0b26\u0b28 harichandana<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0b36\u0b4d\u0b30\u0b47\u0b37\u0b4d\u0b20 \u0b1a\u0b28\u0b4d\u0b26\u0b28 shrestha-chandana<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0b36\u0b4d\u0b30\u0b40\u0b16\u0b23\u0b4d\u0b21 shrikhanda<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0b36\u0b41\u0b2d\u0b4d\u0b30 shubra<\/a>
… and more names in\u00a0<\/span>Sanskrit<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0937\u094d\u091f arkesta<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u0940 barbari<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0925 barbarottha<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 bhadrashri<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u093f chandradyuti<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 chandrakanta<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917 ekanga<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0938\u093e\u0930 gandhasara<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0922\u094d\u092f gandhadhya<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0930\u093e\u091c gandharaja<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 haridraka<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927 harigandha<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0939\u093f\u092e hima<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0915\u094b\u0936\u0940 koshi<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0939 maharha<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092e\u0932\u092f\u091c malayaja<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0932\u094d\u092f mangalya<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u091c nandanaja<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f narayanapriya<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917 paraga<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092a\u091f\u0940\u0930 patira<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0917 pattaraga<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092b\u0932\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d phalakin<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092a\u0940\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0930 pitasara<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0947\u0932 prachela<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0930 pravira<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0930\u094c\u0939\u093f\u0923 rauhina<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927 saragandha<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932 shitala<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 shrikhanda<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0936\u0941\u092d\u094d\u0930 shubhra<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0930 shvetasara<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0938\u093f\u0924 sita<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927 sugandha<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0921\u093f sukkadi<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 surottara<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0924\u0948\u0932\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0940 tailaparni<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0917\u0941\u0915 valguka<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915 varnaka<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0935\u0947\u0927\u0915 vedhaka<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u091f vikata<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092f yamya<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f yogya<\/a>
botanical names<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>Santalum album<\/i>\u00a0L., Sp. Pl. 349. 1753; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 231. 1886. …\u00a0<\/span>synonyms<\/b>: no synonym known …\u00a0<\/span>Botanical Survey of India<\/a>
November 13, 2016 … along Kemmangundi Road<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00bf\u00a0sun-TUH-lum<\/b>\u00a0? — most possibly from Sanskrit\u00a0chandanam<\/i>\u00a0(\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u0902)<\/span> …\u00a0Wiktionary<\/a>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Wikipedia<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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AL-bum<\/b>\u00a0— white<\/span> …\u00a0Dave’s Botanary<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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commonly known as<\/b>: Indian sandalwood, white sandalwood \u2022\u00a0Arabic<\/b>: \u0635\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0644 sandal \u2022\u00a0Assamese<\/b>: \u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8 sondon \u2022\u00a0Bengali<\/b>: \u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8 chandan \u2022\u00a0Bhojpuri<\/b>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0902\u0926\u0928 bharatiya chandan \u2022\u00a0Bodo<\/b>: \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 sandan \u2022\u00a0Dogri<\/b>: \u091a\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0928 chitta channan \u2022\u00a0Gujarati<\/b>: \u0a9a\u0a82\u0aa6\u0aa8 chandan \u2022\u00a0Hindi<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandan, \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0932 sandal \u2022\u00a0Kannada<\/b>: \u0cad\u0ca6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0 bhadrashri, \u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0c82\u0ca7 srigandha \u2022\u00a0Kashmiri<\/b>: \u091a\u093c\u0902\u0926\u0928\u094d \u02a6andan \u2022\u00a0Koch<\/b>: botsam chandan \u2022\u00a0Konkani<\/b>: \u091a\u0902\u0926\u0928 chandan, \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0926 gaandh, \u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0cbe\u0c82\u0ca6 shrigaandh \u2022\u00a0Malayalam<\/b>: \u0d1a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d28\u0d02 chandanam \u2022\u00a0Manipuri<\/b>: \uabc6\uabdf\uabd7\uabdf \u099a\u0982\u09a6\u09a8 chandan \u2022\u00a0Marathi<\/b>: \u091a\u0902\u0926\u0928 chandan, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0902\u0921 shrikhand \u2022\u00a0Mizo<\/b>: sawndawn \u2022\u00a0Nepali<\/b>: \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 shreekhand \u2022\u00a0Odia<\/b>: \u0b1a\u0b28\u0b4d\u0b26\u0b28 chandan \u2022\u00a0Pali<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandana \u2022\u00a0Persian<\/b>: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644 sandal \u2022\u00a0Punjabi<\/b>: \u0a1a\u0a70\u0a26\u0a28 chandan, \u0a2a\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a32 parmal, \u0a38\u0a70\u0a26\u0a32 sandal \u2022\u00a0Rajasthani<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928 chandan \u2022\u00a0Sanskrit<\/b>: \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u092e\u094d chandanam, \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0925 barbarottha, \u092d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 bhadrashri, \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u093f chandradyuti, \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 chandrakanta, \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917 ekanga, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0938\u093e\u0930 gandhasara, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0922\u094d\u092f gandhadhya, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0930\u093e\u091c gandharaja, \u0939\u093f\u092e hima, \u0915\u094b\u0936\u0940 koshi, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0939 maharha, \u092e\u0932\u092f\u091c malayaja, \u092e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0932\u094d\u092f mangalya, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917 paraga, \u092a\u091f\u0940\u0930 patira, \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0917 pattaraga, \u092b\u0932\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d phalakin, \u092a\u0940\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0930 pitasara, \u0930\u094c\u0939\u093f\u0923 rauhina, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927 saragandha, \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932 shitala, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 shrikhanda, \u0936\u0941\u092d\u094d\u0930 shubhra, \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0930 shvetasara, \u0938\u093f\u0924 sita, \u0938\u0941\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927 sugandha, \u0938\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0921\u093f sukkadi, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 surottara, \u0924\u0948\u0932\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0940 tailaparni, \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0917\u0941\u0915 valguka, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915 varnaka, \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0915 vedhaka, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u091f vikata, \u092f\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092f yamya, \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f yogya \u2022\u00a0Santali<\/b>: \u1c60\u1c5a\u1c71\u1c70\u1c5a\u1c71 condon \u2022\u00a0Sindhi<\/b>: \u0686\u064e\u0646\u062f\u064e\u0646\u064f chandanu \u2022\u00a0Tamil<\/b>: \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd chandanam \u2022\u00a0Telugu<\/b>: \u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c40\u0c17\u0c02\u0c27\u0c02 srigandham \u2022\u00a0Tibetan<\/b>: \u0f59\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f53 tsan-dan \u2022\u00a0Tulu<\/b>: \u0c9a\u0c82\u0ca6\u0ca8 chandana, \u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0c97\u0ce6\u0ca7 shrigandha \u2022\u00a0Urdu<\/b>: \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0646 chandan<\/p>\n

botanical names<\/b>:\u00a0Santalum album<\/i>\u00a0L. …\u00a0heterotypic synonyms<\/b>:\u00a0Santalum myrtifolium<\/i>\u00a0(L.) Roxb. \u2022\u00a0Sirium myrtifolium<\/i>\u00a0L. … and more at\u00a0POWO<\/a>, retrieved 02 August 2024<\/p>\n

Bibliography \/ etymology<\/div>\n
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals \/ websites have a tendency to re-organize \/ revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the\u00a0languages of India<\/a>\u00a0mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about “where” could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken\u00a0sensu amplo<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~<\/div>\n
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India<\/div>\n
Indian sandalwood<\/b><\/div>\n