{"id":1291251,"date":"2012-10-15T13:48:50","date_gmt":"2012-10-15T13:48:50","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-24T12:27:32","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T06:57:32","slug":"symplocos-paniculata","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/efi\/symplocos-paniculata\/","title":{"rendered":"Symplocos paniculata"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Symplocos<\/i> paniculata<\/i> Miq., <\/span>Ann.<\/span> Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 102 102 1867<\/i>. (Syn: Cotoneaster<\/i> coreanus<\/i> H. L\u00e9v.<\/span><\/a>; Eugeniodes crataegeodes<\/em> (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Kuntze; Eugeniodes pallidum<\/em> (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze; Eugeniodes paniculatum<\/em> (Wall. ex D. Don) Kuntze; Eugeniodes sinicum<\/em> (Ker-Gawl.) Kuntze; Lodhra crataegoides<\/em> (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Decne.; Myrtus chinensis<\/em> Lour.; Palura<\/em> chinensis<\/i> (Lour.) Koidz.<\/span><\/a>; Palura<\/i> chinensis<\/i> var. pilosa<\/i> Nakai<\/span><\/a>; Palura odorata<\/em> Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don; Palura<\/em> sinica<\/i> (Ker Gawl.) Miers<\/span><\/a>; Prunus<\/i> mairei<\/i> H. L\u00e9v.<\/span><\/a>; Prunus<\/i> paniculata<\/i> Thunb.<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos<\/i> chinensis<\/i> (Lour.) Druce<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos<\/i> chinensis<\/i> (Lour.) Desv. ex Merr.<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos chinensis<\/em> subsp. pilosa<\/i> (Nakai) M. Kitagawa (ambiguous synonym); Symplocos<\/em> chinensis<\/i> var. vestita<\/i> (Hemsl.) Hand.-Mazz.<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos<\/i> crataegoides<\/i> Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos<\/i> hunanensis<\/i> Hand.-Mazz.<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos pallida<\/em> Franch. & Sav.; Symplocos paniculata<\/em> Wall. ex D. Don; Symplocos<\/em> simaoensis<\/i> Y.Y. Qian<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos<\/i> sinica<\/i> Ker Gawl.<\/span><\/a>; Symplocos<\/i> sinica<\/i> var. vestita<\/i> Hemsl.<\/span><\/a>) ;<\/div>\n
.<\/span><\/div>\n
China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Tibet, Bhutan, India, <\/span>Japan (Honshu), Laos, Myanmar [Burma], Bangladesh, Vietnam,<\/span> Nepal, Pakistan (Hazara), Jammu & Kashmir (Poonch, Kashmir, Jammu), <\/span>USA (I) (Pennsylvania (I)) <\/span>as per Catalogue of Life<\/span><\/a>;<\/span><\/div>\n
.<\/span><\/div>\n
Common name:<\/strong> Sapphire Berry, Asiatic Sweetleaf \u2022 Sanskrit<\/strong>: lodhra \u2022 Urdu<\/strong>: lodh pathani, pathani lodh \u2022 Nepali<\/strong>: \u0932\u094b\u0927 Lodh, \u0939\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0932 Haakulaal, \u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0926\u094b Saano Lodo, \u0932\u094b\u0918 Logh, \u0916\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092e\u0947 Kholme<\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Dubia-tree-shrub-%20Near%20Ukhimath%20towards%20Chopta-IMG_1627-Uttarakhand-3.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Dubia-tree-shrub-%20Near%20Ukhimath%20towards%20Chopta-IMG_1631-Uttarkhand-4.jpg\"\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Dubia-tree-shrub-%20Near%20Ukhimath%20towards%20Chopta-IMG_1625-Uttarakhand-1.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Dubia-tree-shrub-%20Near%20Ukhimath%20towards%20Chopta-IMG_1628-Uttarakhand-2.jpg\"<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

25062013GS1 small tree\/shrub for ID from Ukhimath, Uttarkhand : Attachments (4). 6 posts by 5 authors.
\nSmall tree\/shrub<\/span> photographed <\/span>from Ukhimath, Uttarakhand
\n<\/span>Kindly help in ID.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Can this be Symplocos paniculata<\/i>..<\/p>\n

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Symplocos paniculata<\/i>.<\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Unid%20tree%20-9-.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Unid%20tree%20-4--6.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Unid%20tree%20-3--9.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Unid%20tree%20-5-.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Unid%20tree%20-2--1.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Unid%20tree%20-1--8.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Flora of Chakrata 2012: Tree for id from Motor Marg:<\/a>
\nThis one was shot from roadside<\/span>… on the Chakrata-Tiuni Motor Marg<\/span>… a medium-sized tree<\/span>… hope to get id help…<\/p>\n

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May be Symplocos paniculata<\/span><\/i><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

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Thanks … for the possible ID<\/p>\n

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Thanks … for a very close lead…<\/p>\n

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Would you pl. confirm it as Symplocos paniculata <\/i>in view of identification in the following thread:
\n25062013GS1 small tree\/shrub for ID from Ukhimath, Uttarkhand<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n
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Yes …, thanks..<\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_8539_11May15.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_8678_12May15.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_8675_12May15.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_8535_11May15.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_8673_12May15.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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What tree? ABMAY01\/11<\/span><\/a> : 7 posts by 4 authors. 5 images.
\nThis tree is in flower now. It has papery <\/span>Celtis<\/i> like leaves. Please advise.
\n<\/span>The photographs are of two different trees.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Above Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP<\/span><\/div>\n
1800m
\n<\/span>11-12 May 2015<\/span><\/div>\n
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From flowers I think it is Symplocos<\/i> sp.<\/p>\n

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Symplocos<\/i><\/span><\/a> species in eFloraofindia (with details\/ keys <\/b>from published papers\/ regional floras\/ FRLHT\/ FOI\/ Biotik\/ efloras\/ books etc., where ever available on net)<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

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It should be <\/span>Symlocos paniculata<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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May be Scolopia<\/i> sp. (Flacourtiaceae<\/i>)<\/p>\n

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Thank you … I will send some photographs with more details soon.<\/p>\n

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Scolopia<\/i><\/span><\/a>\u00a0species in eFIoraofindia (with details\/ keys from published papers\/ regional floras\/ FRLHT\/ FOI\/ efloras\/ books etc., where ever available)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Pl. also\u00a0check FOC illustration of Scolopia chinensis<\/b> (Loureiro) Clos<\/span><\/a> :
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>http:\/\/www.efloras.org\/object_page.aspx?object_id=94309&flora_id=2<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n
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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_7399_08Jan2016.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_2621_iPhone2016.jpg\"<\/a>
\nThis tree is completely leafless now and is full of drupes. I am enclosing a couple of photographs (along with earlier pictures from May 2015) from a couple of days back to see if we can get closer to an ID.<\/div>\n
Earlier suggestions from … and … were Symplocos paniculta<\/i> and Scolopia<\/i> sp. respectively.<\/div>\n
Please advise.<\/div>\n
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Above Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP<\/span><\/div>\n
1800m
\n<\/span>08 January 2016<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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yes it is Symplocos<\/i><\/p>\n

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Please find plant ID for link below:\u00a0efi thread<\/a>
\nThis should be\u00a0Symplocos<\/i>\u00a0<\/span>paniculata<\/i>\u00a0<\/span>(Thunb.) Miq.
\n<\/span><\/span>[Because it’s hard to find any spinous character from images as in Scolopia;\u00a0<\/i>leaves ovate to broadly elliptic, sharply serrate, flowers\u00a0<\/span><\/span>pedicellate<\/span>\u00a0white in compound racemes – in terminal or axillary branched clusters<\/span>].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_5782_15Apr2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0595_04May2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_7392_08Jan2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0642_04May2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0882_06May2015.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0623_04May2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0877_06May2015.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0647_04May2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0782_11May2016.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_0576_04May2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_6460_24Apr2016.jpeg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/_MG_5787_15Apr2016.jpeg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Symplocos paniculata ABMAY01\/06<\/a> :\u00a04 posts by 2 authors. 11 images.<\/div>\n
I have mistakenly guessed a couple of these trees as Celtis<\/i> species in the past (such is my ignorance) but now I am getting familiar with this beautiful Symplocos<\/i>. The corky bark is a good identification point and so are the finely toothed leaves. The fragrant flowers start coming out in end-April<\/span> and right now several trees are covered in clusters of white flowers and pearly buds. The overall effect is difficult to capture in photographs. I have photographed the leafless trees in winter when they are studded with dry blue berries<\/span> but look forward to the fresh drupes this season. I will keep you posted.<\/div>\n
Both … had helped identify this species from my earlier posts.<\/div>\n
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Symplocos paniculata<\/i>\u2014Sapphire Berry<\/b> or Asian Sweetleaf<\/b>, Hindi: Lodhara<\/b><\/div>\n
Above Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP<\/span><\/div>\n
1800m
\n<\/span>15 April and 04-06 May 2016<\/span><\/div>\n
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Detailed & very beautiful, …<\/p>\n

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I realised that I did not include the photograph that shows the fused stamens<\/span> (the name Symplocos<\/i> is derived from Greek symploke, a connection).<\/span> Here it is; 1 image.<\/p>\n

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Wah! Marvellous!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0014-6-6.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0015-4.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0008-6-8.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0010-2-5.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0013-8-7.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0012-5.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC_0009-3-9.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
SK1944 24 May 2019<\/a> : 14 posts by 5 authors. Attachments (7)<\/span> – around 650 kb each.<\/div>\n
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Location:\u00a0Nagarkot, Bhaktapur<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Date: 16 \u00a0May 2019<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Elevation: 1989 m.
\n<\/span><\/span>Habit : Wild<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Seems to be Homalium nepalense
\n<\/i>Salicaceae<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Seems not matching.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Seems to Homalium only sir; check it once local species of Hoamalium
\n<\/i>there is another strong character also; the flower has one whorl perianth,\u00a0particularly this character has only <\/span>Flacourtiaceae<\/i> (<\/span>Salicaceae<\/i>) in polypetalae; we considered as <\/span>Monochlamydeae<\/i> when perianth one whorl but except this family.<\/span><\/p>\n

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I could not find flower image in the net neither the\u00a0description. As such, I could not verify.<\/div>\n
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I feel flower construction looks different as per images at<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Homalium ceylanicum<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Flowers of India<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/8063038<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Guessing: Some Symplocos<\/i> spp?<\/div>\n
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Leaf pattern does not look like !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Symplocos<\/i> spp. ??<\/p>\n

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Symplocos chinensis<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Thank you \u2026 for the ID. Could you please check my other posts on Symplocos<\/i>?<\/div>\n
Symplocos paniculata<\/b><\/i> Miq.<\/div>\n
Syn:\u00a0Symplocos chinensis<\/i> (Lour.) Druce<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nepali Names : \u0932\u094b\u0927 Lodh\/ \u0939\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0932 Haakulaal\/ \u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0926\u094b Saano Lodo\/ \u0932\u094b\u0918 Logh\/ \u00a0\u0916\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092e\u0947 Kholme<\/b><\/div>\n
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.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Symplocos ?: request for id<\/a>: 4 images.
\nPlease check the attached images, it seems some Symplocos<\/em> for me. please check.
\nCaptured <\/span>at Gaundar UK, April 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Symplocos paniculata\u00a0<\/i>(Thunb.) Miq.<\/p>\n

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.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Symplocos paniculata Miq.<\/a>: 9 very high res. images.<\/p>\n

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Location: \u00a0Sweda, Jajarkot, West Nepal\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Date: 30 May 2023<\/span><\/div>\n
Elevation 2300m.
\n<\/span>Habit : Wild<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Symplocos paniculata<\/a>: 1 image.<\/p>\n

Symplocos paniculata<\/em>
\nLodhra<\/strong> or Sapphire berry<\/strong>
\nRampur Shimla<\/span>
\nJune 2023<\/span>
\nDetails in My BLOG
\nhttps:\/\/anilkthakur.blogspot.com\/2023\/06\/lodhra-divine-herbal-for-women.html<\/a><\/div>\n
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.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) Miq.<\/a>: 5 high res. images.<\/p>\n

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Location: Gakar Khola, Lukum, Rukum West, Nepal\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Date: 31 May 2023<\/span><\/div>\n
Elevation: 2500 m.
\n<\/span>Habit : Wild<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a>
\nSK 3895 19 November 2023<\/a>: 6 images- 4 high res.<\/p>\n
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Location: \u00a0Lamjung , Central Nepal\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Date: November 2023<\/span><\/div>\n
Elevation 1660m.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Habit : Wild
\n<\/span>Images sent by Mr. Basudev Neupane<\/span><\/div>\n
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Check with Celastrus orbiculatus<\/em><\/p>\n

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By the way Celastrus orbiculatus have got no distribution in Nepal.<\/div>\n
My guess is Celastrus hookeri\u00a0<\/i>Prain or Celastrus membranifolius\u00a0<\/i>Prain according to the color of the drupes. Please have a look at the enclosed link pages from a book ‘Flora of India Vol 5 by BSI’.<\/div>\n
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Likely to be a species of Flacourtia<\/em><\/p>\n

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I guess then elevation, fruit colors and leaf margin do not match with any of two sp. found in Nepal.
\nhttp:\/\/www.efloras.org\/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=112845<\/a><\/p>\n

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Yes, it looks different from images of Flacourtia.<\/em><\/p>\n

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I tried Salicaceae, Prunus,<\/em> and Rhamnaceae<\/em> but could not find a match.<\/p>\n

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What about my earlier guess : Thank you Mr. Chowdary for the hint. By the way Celastrus orbiculatus<\/em> have got no distribution in Nepal.<\/div>\n
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My guess is\u00a0 Celastrus hookeri\u00a0<\/i>Prain or Celastrus membranifolius\u00a0<\/i>Prain according to the color of the drupes. Please have a look at the enclosed link pages from a book ‘Flora of India Vol 5 by BSI’. \u00a0???<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Celastrus<\/em> has a dehiscent fruit. This is an indehiscent fruit.
\nI had suggested <\/span>Flacourtia<\/em> earlier based on the leaves but did not notice that inflorescence is paniculate, which is not seen in <\/span>Flacourtia.
\n<\/em>I now feel that this could be <\/span>Symplocos paniculata.<\/em> Let me know what you all think.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fruit color matching? Leaf looks like a match !<\/p>\n

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Yes, fruit colour look slightly dark compared to images on the net like:
\nhttps:\/\/www.jerseyyards.org\/plant\/symplocos-paniculata\/<\/a><\/div>\n
Unable to open GBIF for checking the fruiting specimens.
\nMaybe the fruits become darker.<\/span><\/div>\n
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You may check\u00a0GBIF<\/a>\u00a0fruiting specimens (one<\/a>) from India.<\/div>\n
It is possible that fruits get darker at a later stage.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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You may be right …. Appreciate if … would write some comments !<\/p>\n

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The size of the berry is large in Symplocos\u00a0sps..<\/p>\n

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.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

References:<\/div>\n
Catalogue of Life<\/a>\u00a0 The Plant List Ver.1.1<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Flora of China<\/a>\u00a0 FOC illustration<\/a> \u00a0Flora of Pakistan<\/a> \u00a0FOP illustration<\/a> \u00a0Annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal<\/a> Flowers of India<\/a>\u00a0 India Biodiversity Portal<\/a> \u00a0FRLHT<\/a>\u00a0 Symplocos paniculata Miq. – A Review – ResearchGate<\/a>\u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n
SYMPLOCOS PANICULATA (SAPPHIRE BERRY): A WOODY AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT OIL PLANT<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Symplocos paniculata Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 3: 102 102 1867. (Syn: Cotoneaster coreanus H. L\u00e9v.; Eugeniodes crataegeodes (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Kuntze; Eugeniodes pallidum (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze; Eugeniodes paniculatum (Wall. ex D. Don) Kuntze; Eugeniodes sinicum (Ker-Gawl.) Kuntze; Lodhra crataegoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Decne.; Myrtus chinensis Lour.;…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[5956],"ht-kb-tag":[],"class_list":["post-1291251","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-symplocos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/1291251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ht_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1291251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/1291251\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1291251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-category?post=1291251"},{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-tag?post=1291251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}