{"id":1390634,"date":"2011-03-29T10:16:37","date_gmt":"2011-03-29T10:16:37","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-24T18:49:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T13:19:05","slug":"senna-sophera","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/efi\/senna-sophera\/","title":{"rendered":"Senna sophera"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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\n
Senna<\/i> sophera<\/i> (L.) Roxb.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(Syn.: Cassia<\/i> atroviridis<\/i> Span.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> autropurpurea<\/i> Benth.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> canca<\/i> Cav.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> esculenta<\/i> Roxb.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> frutescens<\/i> Mill.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> geminiflora<\/i> Schrank<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> linearis<\/i> Michx.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> lineata<\/i> Michx.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> occidentalis<\/i> var. glabra<\/i> DC.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> occidentalis<\/i> var. sophera<\/i> (L.) Kuntze<\/span><\/a>; Casssia<\/i> patula<\/i> Aiton; Cassia<\/i> proboscidea<\/i> Pollard<\/a>; Cassia<\/i> sophera<\/i> Wall.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> sophera<\/i> L.<\/span><\/a>;\u00a0<\/span><\/u>\u00a0Cassia<\/i> sophera<\/i> var. ligustrinoides<\/i> Benth.;<\/span><\/a> Cassia<\/i> sopheroides<\/i> Roxb.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> torosa<\/i> Cav.<\/span><\/a>; Chamaefistula<\/i> sophera<\/i> G.Don<\/span><\/a>; Ditremexa<\/i> sophera<\/i> (L.) Britton & Wilson<\/span><\/a>; Senna<\/i> occidentalis<\/i> var. sophera<\/i> (L.) X.Y. Zhu;<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cassia<\/i> indica<\/i> Poir.<\/span><\/a>; Cassia<\/i> lanceolata<\/i> Link<\/span><\/a>; Senna<\/i> esculenta<\/i> Roxb.);<\/span><\/div>\n
.<\/span><\/div>\n
India (I); Andhra Pradesh; Arunachal Pradesh; Assam; Bihar; Delhi; Goa; Gujarat; Haryana; Himachal Pradesh; Jammu-Kashmir; Karnataka; Kerala; Madhaya Pradesh; Maharashtra; Manipur; Meghalaya; Mizoram; Nagaland; Orissa; Pondicherry; Punjab; Rajasthan; Sikkim; Tamil Nadu; Tripura; Uttar Pradesh; West Bengal and other countries<\/span> as per ILDIS<\/a>;<\/div>\n
.<\/span>
\nSEN-nuh<\/b> — Latin form of Arabic word for a thorny bush
\n<\/span>SOF-er-uh<\/b> — an Arabian name for a pea flowering tree like those in the genus <\/span>Sophora
\n.<\/span>
\n<\/i>commonly known as<\/b>: <\/span>sophera senna
\n.<\/span>
\n<\/i>Native to<\/b>: India, s Mexico, Caribbean islands, tropical South America; widely naturalized in tropics<\/span>
\n.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n

As per efi page:<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Here is the part of the key developed by me on our webside:
\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
39b<\/span><\/td>\nGland at base of petiole, sessile, hemispherical; leaflets 4-6 pairs; pod 10-13 cm long, compressed, glabrous, often slightly curved, 20-30 seeded, torulose when mature<\/span><\/td>\nSenna<\/span> occidentalis<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39b<\/span><\/td>\nGland situated 3-10 mm above the base of petiole, clavate; leaflets 6-10 pairs; pod 5-10 cm long, somewhat inflated, puberulent when young, glabrous when mature, not curved, 30-40 seeded, not torulose when mature<\/span><\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40a<\/span><\/td>\nLeaflets 4-9 cm long, acute or mucronate, branches not purple<\/span><\/td>\nSenna sophera<\/i> var. sophera<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40b<\/span><\/td>\nLeaflets less than 3 cm long, obtuse at apex; branches slender, purple<\/span><\/td>\nSenna sophera<\/i> var. purpurea<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The full key for Cassia<\/i> complex in India is available at our website: \/species\/a—l\/f\/fabaceae\/cassia<\/span><\/a>
\n.<\/span>
\n<\/span>Two step identification keys for<\/span> Senna occidentalis<\/i> and <\/span>Senna sophera<\/i> from MM Bhandari’s flora.
\n<\/span>Bracts acute, 2-4 flowers- <\/span>Senna occidentalis
\n<\/span><\/i>Bracts obtuse, more than 4 flowers-<\/span> Senna sophera.<\/span><\/i>
\n.<\/span>
\n<\/span>Petioles not grooved with large gland at the base- <\/span>Senna occidentalis
\n<\/i>Petioles grooved with a conical gland at the base- <\/span>Senna sophera
\n<\/i>From flora of Madhya Pradesh, published by BSI.
\n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-6-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-12--4.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-9-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-20-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-21-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-14-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-17-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-11-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-13-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-5-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-4-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-1--7.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-7-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Senna%20sophora%20-18-.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae (Caesalpiniaceae): Senna sophora from Bank of W Y Canal Karnal:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n
Senna sophora<\/i> from Bank of W Y Canal<\/span> Karnal<\/span>
\nWild Shrub upto 6 feet<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n

Senna sophera<\/i> please<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rk_for-id_043_1.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rk_for-id_043_2.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rk_for-id_043_3.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Flower ID request – RK43 – 2-Nov-2012:<\/span><\/a>
\nRequest id of this garden plant \/ shrub<\/span> from<\/span> Mumbai<\/span>. It is flowering now and is around 5 – 6 feet tall.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

This is Senna sophera<\/b> <\/i>[Cassia sophera<\/i>].<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ID%20Pls%20-%20Cassia%201.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ID%20Pls%20-%20Cassia%202.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

ID Pls – Cassia ? which one ? & the cat. ? – at Kalyani , Nadia, West Bengal:<\/span><\/a>
\nID Pls – Cassia<\/i> ? which one ? & the cat. ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

This is the caterpillar of the Common Emigrant butterfly<\/b><\/span> on Senna sophera<\/b><\/i> [Cassia sophera<\/i>].<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3._Senna_sophera_var._sophera__L.__Roxb_-_LeafIMG_3692.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1._Senna_sophera_var._sophera__L.__Roxb_-_Habit_IMG_3687.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2._Senna_sophera_var._sophera__L.__Roxb_-_Habit__Senna_sophera_var._sophera__L.__Roxb._IMG_3686.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4._Senna_sophera_var._sophera__L.__Roxb_-_Leaf_IMG_3691.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/6._Senna_sophera_var._sophera__L.__Roxb_-_Flower_IMG_3690.jpg\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5._Senna_sophera_var._sophera__L.__Roxb_-_Inflorescence_IMG_3689.jpg\"<\/a>
\nSenna sophera var. sophera (L.) Roxb. from Kamrup district(Metro)<\/span><\/a> : Attachments (6). 2 posts by 2 authors.<\/p>\n

Attached images may be<\/span> Senna sophera<\/i> var. sophera<\/i> (L.) Roxb. Please validate<\/span><\/div>\n
Date :18.10.13.2013<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Location: Kamrup district(Metro)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Family : Caesalpiniaceae<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n
Genus & species : <\/span>Senna sophera<\/i> var. <\/span>sophera<\/i> (L.) Roxb.<\/span><\/div>\n
Habitat: Grows wild on road side<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Habit : Shrub
\n<\/span><\/span>Flower : Yellow<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n

Good Pics again\u00a0…<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cass%20soph.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cassia%20sophera1.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. SN Mar 28<\/span><\/a> :\u00a0\u00a02 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2).<\/div>\n
Senna sophera<\/b><\/i> (L.) Roxb (= Cassia sophera<\/i> L.), undershrub<\/span> recorded near shimoga Karnataka.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n

\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_4009-7.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_4008-3.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_4011-2.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_4007-2.JPG\"<\/a>
\nKonkan, May 2014 :: Requesting ID of this small tree :: 10JUN014 :: ARK-19<\/span><\/a> : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4).
\n<\/span>Requesting to please ID this<\/span> small tree<\/span> captured near Devgad, Maharashtra in May 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
Senna\u00a0sophera<\/i>\u00a0<\/span>(L.) Roxb<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\u00a0\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSCN4436-Cassia.JPG\"<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Cassia for ID : 310711 : AK-2:<\/a>
\nAlso taken at Jijamata Udyan, Mumbai<\/span> on 24\/10\/07.
\nThis was a small plant ( probably a young one) with yellow flowers.<\/p>\n

\n

I guess Cassia sophera<\/i> Linn.<\/p>\n

\n

Just came across this older post of mine taken at Jijamata Udyan, Mumbai.
\n<\/span>Thanks for the id.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC01728-4.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC01741.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC01738.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/DSC01729-3.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

ID02122011phk:<\/a> Cassia for id
\nAt Ganeshgudi, Karnataka
\n<\/span>30Nov,2011<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/6256035275_3908efa4c5.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2QN80WvCF09WMlJvfTRgk1MxKDOe0w1e63ARjikl4dgSl9w0nu4UaPlfNSnRWqILe6VrKpmI6o9xh6xBPIO1b9biMBM8QA-HzKbtmVzWdTT5-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/iee_AJN3s-J-DH98_7Ic24A4vmzHhj_tQ3UaNPZ4ugpH76o41TeVlqvkdPByQZh-jMm2EhsuOh1ur7y--i5cIKcJAEUeYasQrpoYVoDjAUDZ-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fOhAiG2xFruK0ItKazsPHw8yA4TYWyAcbLI4VrpWKTFzbKpl4SRq6uE6u78_9TuM2X6Xnk7SN8MkveEMLArLwYoB8XfGikHJxSdPRSDi0w-w5000-h5000.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae (Caesalpiniaceae) :: Senna sophera in Karnataka:<\/a> Senna sophera<\/i> (L.) Roxb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

SEN-nuh<\/b> — Latin form of Arabic word for a thorny bush
\nSOF-er-uh<\/b> — an Arabian name for a pea flowering tree like those in the genus Sophora<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n
Oct 15, 2011 … at Chunchwad, Karnataka<\/span>
\ncommonly known as<\/b>: sophera senna<\/i>
\nNative to<\/b>: India, s Mexico, Caribbean islands, tropical South America; widely naturalized in tropics<\/span>
\nmore views<\/b>: Oct 15, 2011 … at Halabhavi, Karnataka<\/span>
\nOct 15, 2011 … at Londa, Karnataka<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/photo%202-7-7.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/photo%201-5-1.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/photo%203-5.JPG\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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Fwd: Cassia I’d plz<\/a> : 3 posts by 1 author. Attachments (<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n

Pl. check\u00a0Senna sophera<\/i><\/span><\/a>\u00a0& images of all Senna<\/i> species at\u00a0 \u200e<\/i>Senna<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Senna sophera<\/i><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0100-6.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0102-8.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0099-1.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0098-2.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0101-4.JPG\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Senna for ID :: Mumbai, Nov 2017 :: ARKNOV1701<\/a> : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (5)<\/span><\/div>\n
Saw this plant (may be cultivated) near a butterfly garden<\/span> in Mumbai, November 2017. <\/span>Could you please provide ID for the same?<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Pl. Check at<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\/species\/a—l\/f\/fabaceae\/senna<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n

Senna sophera<\/i>, perhaps.<\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n
Thanks, …, for the id.
\nI also feel these are close to images at <\/span>Senna sophera<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Cassia%20sp%20-7-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Cassia%20Both%20for%20Comparision.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Cassia%20occidentalis-1.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Cassia%20sp%20-16-.JPG\"<\/a>\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Cassia%20occidentalis%20-4--8.JPG\"<\/a><\/p>\n

10102011-BS-2 Cassia sp from Bank of Western Yamuna Canal in Karnal Haryana<\/a>:
\nCassia<\/i> sp from Bank of Western Yamuna Canal in Karnal Haryana<\/span>
\nLooks like that of Cassia occidentalis<\/i> but have differences in Leaves\u00a0particularly. The sp under consideration looks more profusely branched than\u00a0C occidentalis<\/i>
\nsharing both for comparison
\npls id<\/p>\n
\n

Please check with Cassia sophora<\/em> or now Senna sophora<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

I think ur id is right<\/p>\n

\n

Nepali Name :\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947 Taapre\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/-CdvadVrO7no\/T3Cxu0XIErI\/AAAAAAAACms\/L0byz_bwwsI\/s1600\/DSCN0707.jpg\"<\/a>\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/-uU3OO9QSgfw\/T3CyDxL44bI\/AAAAAAAACng\/VscFbePo4mo\/s1600\/DSCN0705.jpg\"<\/a>\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/--GQYole2MTs\/T3CxbeIVUOI\/AAAAAAAACmE\/K-vUM697Flg\/s1600\/DSCN0716.jpg\"<\/a>\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/-3FHmzK3UYcU\/T3Cx8DhDFlI\/AAAAAAAACnM\/GB1_XbfbfrI\/s1600\/DSCN0708.jpg\"<\/a>\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/-C4fa2GwmGqU\/T3Cxj4ezleI\/AAAAAAAACmY\/MC_yNHZ0wRo\/s1600\/DSCN0722.jpg\"<\/a>
\nKALKASUNDA (Bengali) :: 26-03-2012 :: Hooghly (WB) SK:<\/p>\n

“Plant Groups” gives me two species Cassia sophera<\/i> & C. occidentalis<\/i> for the plant what we call KALKASUNDA<\/b> in Bengali. Both the species are referred as KALKASUNDA in Bengali. Moreover, ‘wikipedia’ says Cassia<\/u> should be replaced by Senna<\/i>.<\/div>\n
I go for Senna sophera<\/i> for the images attached herewith because of its more elongated leaflets.<\/div>\n
Species : Senna<\/i> sp.<\/div>\n
Habit & Habitat : wild herb, roadside<\/span><\/div>\n
Date : 17-03-2012, 1.40 p.m.
\nPlace : <\/span>Hooghly, WB<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Hopefully it is \u0915\u093e\u0932<\/span>\u0915\u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u093e not \u0915\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u093e or <\/span>\u0915\u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> is Hindi name of Cassia<\/i> (Senna<\/i>) sophera<\/i>. What is the meaning of “Kal” in Bengali? Is it for black?<\/span><\/div>\n
Kasaunda<\/b> is mentioned in famous writing of Malik Md. Jayesi. There are many villages in Chhattisgarh named as Kasaunda or Kasaundi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\u0915\u094b\u0907 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u094c\u0902\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094c\u0902\u0926\u093e-\u091c\u0942\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0907 \u0905\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940, \u0915\u094b\u0907 \u092e\u0939\u0941\u0905, \u0916\u091c\u0942\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0965<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0942 \u0939\u0930\u092b\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0935\u0930\u093f \u0915\u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0907 \u0905\u0901\u0935\u0930\u093e, \u0915\u094b\u0907 \u0930\u093e\u092f-\u0915\u0930\u094c\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0965<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Thank you … for pointing my mistake, it should be <\/span>KAALKAASUNDA<\/b>.
\n<\/span>In Bengali KAAL = tomorrow, time, era…. Black is pronounced as KAALO (‘O’ as in go).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n

Thanks but not satisfied. What “Tomorrow” is doing with Kasaunda in Kaalkasaunda? Lets wait for our Bengali speaking members viz.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

The same question bothers me too – why it is KAALKASUNDA?! … may help. I myself will try by consulting Bengali lexicon.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

As far as difference in Senna sophera<\/i> and Senna occidentalis<\/i> is concerned it can not be on leaflets but <\/span>“Senna sophera<\/span><\/i> is closely related to Senna occidentalis<\/i> (L.)Link. The two are often confused, but the pods of the latter are circular in cross-section, not compressed, and have 2 rows of seeds<\/span>.<\/span> ”
\n<\/span>http:\/\/database.prota.org\/Sennasophera.htm<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

KAAL may also stand for BLACK, pertaining to its BLACK SEEDS!!!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Thank you for the identifying keys to the both species. Attaching an image of the pod of the same plant.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
Here is the part of the key developed by me on our webside:
\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
39b<\/span><\/td>\nGland at base of petiole, sessile, hemispherical; leaflets 4-6 pairs; pod 10-13 cm long, compressed, glabrous, often slightly curved, 20-30 seeded, torulose when mature<\/span><\/td>\nSenna<\/span> occidentalis<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39b<\/span><\/td>\nGland situated 3-10 mm above the base of petiole, clavate; leaflets 6-10 pairs; pod 5-10 cm long, somewhat inflated, puberulent when young, glabrous when mature, not curved, 30-40 seeded, not torulose when mature<\/span><\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40a<\/span><\/td>\nLeaflets 4-9 cm long, acute or mucronate, branches not purple<\/span><\/td>\nSenna sophera<\/i> var. sophera<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40b<\/span><\/td>\nLeaflets less than 3 cm long, obtuse at apex; branches slender, purple<\/span><\/td>\nSenna sophera<\/i> var. purpurea<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The full key for Cassia<\/i> complex in India is available at our website: \/species\/a—l\/f\/fabaceae\/cassia<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Thanks … Is it based on published literature or field observations or both? May I know the number of plants studied (in how many number of locations) for range 20-30 seeds or 30-40 seeds? Its bit wide range the early workers were using when fields were far from lab.<\/p>\n

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Black seeds of Senna sophera<\/i>???? It must be new discovery Dr. …. Let me know the reference for your quote. Here is image of Senna sophera<\/i> seeds from wikipedia
\nhttp:\/\/gu.wikipedia.org\/seeds.jpg<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
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Thank you Sir for the link related to identifying various Cassia<\/u> species. Thank you once again for pasting here the related data.
\nBut it makes more difficult to me to ID this plant. The 8 to 9 pairs of leaflets (i counted 3 leaves from three different plants) tells me that it is Senna<\/i> sophera<\/u>, <\/span>but slightly curved & torulose (had to search for its meaning!) young pods tell me otherwise.
\nSo, i would have to check the mature pods physically and also those glands on petiole before i can make a conclusion.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
Bengali dictionary didn’t help me except that KAAL also means ‘cold’ or ‘winter'(?). There is no word as KAASUNDAA (U is pronounced as OO). KAASUNDI or KAASUNDA is there, meaning a type of pickle, usually made of green mango and i knew it beforehand.
\n<\/span>I think searching the Bengali root for the KAALKAASUNDAA may not give any result. Instead should we move to Sanskrit for its origin? It’s bad that i do not know Sanskrit.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n
It is definitely not S. occidentalis<\/i> which has less than 6 pairs of leaflets, flattened pods.<\/span> You can see what torulose means (constricted between seeds). I have attached image of S. occidentalis.
\nNow you should concentrate on whether it is <\/span>Senna sophera<\/i> var. sophera<\/i> (leaflets 4-9 cm long, braches not purple),<\/span> or <\/span>var. purpurea<\/i> ( leaflets less than 3 cm long, braches slender and purple). <\/span>From appearance it appears var. <\/span>sophera<\/i> to me.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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Today i shot some more close-ups of this plant. This is definitely not S. occidentalis<\/u> as … already mentioned. It is, i think, Senna<\/u> sophera<\/u> var. sophera<\/u>.<\/p>\n

\n

Great work … I liked the eflora design, too \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

\n

The ‘design’ was a sudden flash of an idea while i was counting the seeds! Would have loved if i could manage the entire word, efloraofindia.<\/p>\n

\n

May I request everybody to consider Senna floribunda (Cassia floribunda) too? Had collected the same from Arunachal Pradesh during my Ph.D. work.
\nhttp:\/\/apps.kew.org\/herbcat\/K000789268<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Senna florinbunda<\/i> is a shrub or tree, leaflets only 3-5 pairs, there are clavate glands between all pairs of leaflets except uppermost<\/span>, pods are compressed and much broader (12-15 mm).<\/span> It is rather closer to Senna surattensis<\/i><\/p>\n

\n

Two step identification keys for Senna occidentalis<\/i> and Senna sophera<\/i> from MM Bhandari’s flora.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Bracts acute, 2-4 flowers- <\/span>Senna occidentalis<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
Bracts obtuse, more than 4 flowers-<\/span> Senna sophera.
\n<\/span><\/i>It may be added in identification keys.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n

In continuation of previous mail
\nPetioles not grooved with large gland at the base- <\/span>Senna occidentalis
\n<\/i>Petioles grooved with a conical gland at the base- <\/span>Senna sophera
\n<\/i>From flora of Madhya Pradesh, published by BSI.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Thanks … for useful information. I will add this to the key to make it more stronger.<\/p>\n

\n

Thanks to All, once again, for this very elaborate discussion. Attaching another image of the gland.<\/p>\n

\n

Thank you very much for relating this medieval lyric by Malik Mohammad Jaisi. I was deeply moved by the evocative spirit of his Basant Khand when I first learnt about it some years back.<\/p>\n

\n
Have seen both in South Kachchh and they are also documented in Thakar’s treatise on the plants of Kachchh [1926].<\/div>\n
In Gujarati, Cassia<\/u> purpurea<\/u><\/i> [i.e. Senna<\/u> sophera<\/u><\/i> var. purpurea<\/i><\/u>] is known as<\/span> \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab3\u0ac0 \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab8\u0ac1\u0a82\u0aa6\u0ab0\u0ac0 <\/i>[Kaali Kasundari].<\/span><\/b> In Kachchhi, some of its descriptive names are Kaari Sundari and Shyam Sundari.<\/span><\/div>\n
From what I gather, ‘Kaali’ signifies the diagnostic ‘darker’ appearance [purple twigs] of the variety purpurea<\/i>.<\/span> In contrast, the variety sophera<\/i> is simply known as Kasundari<\/b><\/span> while S.<\/u> occidentalis<\/u><\/i> is Kasundaro<\/b> in Gujarati.
\n<\/span>I’ll make it a point to photograph these when I go there this year.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n

It is interesting to note that SHYAM (= KRISHNA) is also known as KAALAA in Bengali, for his dark complexion! So, ‘Shyam Sundari’ in Kachchhi sounds similar to Benagali KAALKAASOONDA!<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Fwd: Viracha.\u0935\u093f\u0930\u091a\u093e<\/a> : 6 posts by 3 authors.
\nI would like you to help me. The plant has long white smelly roots, the animals do not eat. The height of the plant is 3-5 feet with coppery coloured leaves and <\/span>is available in marshy lands.\u00a0The local Name of the plant is VIRCHA. What is the botanical name\/other names\u00a0of this plant and its ayurvedic usages?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
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please let us know the region … is it Maharshtra OR Gujarat ?
\nI will try to check in my available resources.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
Thanks, …, I think it may be from Gujarat as most of his postings are from there.<\/div>\n
\n

All character is maching with Cassia sophora<\/i> ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Cassia%20sophera%20copy.psd%20ch.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n
\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Cassia%20sophera%20%20twig.jpg\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
Murguma, Purulia, WBengal<\/span>: Aug, 2008;<\/span><\/td>\nSenna sophera – efloraofindia | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\nWildflower: Kal-ka-shunda – efloraofindia | Google Groups<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a>
\n227 ID wild plant Cassia<\/a>: 15 images.
\nPlease ID wild plant,
\nLocation: near Reserve Forest, Chathamattom, Ernakulam District, (Kochi) Kerala PIN:686671
\n<\/span>Altitude: 1400fsl
\n<\/span><\/span>Flower date: 11.12.2021, 11.10am<\/span>
\n<\/span>Habitat: wild moisture
\n<\/span>Plant habit: shrub, erect, branches, brown hard old stem 15mm base diameter, fleshy green young stem, perennial
\n<\/span><\/span>Height: 02 meters<\/span>
\n<\/span>Leaves: alternate, even pinnate, leaflets opposite, ovate, oblong, apex, size:08\u00d73cm or less, smell if crushed
\n<\/span>Flower: pyramidal racemose, clustered, 05 petals, diameter:03cm, yellow, non fragrant
\n<\/span>Fruit: lengthy beans green into brown, size:12\u00d70.7cm
\n<\/span><\/span>Seed: brown, numerous, circular, compressed, diameter:03.5mm<\/span>
\n<\/span>Camera: mobile Samsung Galaxy A21s<\/p>\n

\n

Senna sophera <\/i>(L.) Roxb. ???<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Looks more like Alexandrian Senna (Senna alexandrina<\/i>)<\/p>\n

\n

I guess it looks different<\/p>\n

\n

Yes, it is\u00a0Senna sophera,\u00a0<\/i>dear …
\nFruit of S. alexandria<\/em> is compressed, dear …
\nThank you very much for ID my plant,<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Senna for I’d from Bilaspur<\/a>: 1 high res. image.
\nRequest for I’d of Senna<\/em> from Bilaspur.<\/span>
\nThe plant was a small shrub found wild.<\/span>
\nPhotographed in January, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Looks like\u00a0Senna occidentalis<\/i><\/p>\n

\n

The plant is reported to be poisonous to cattle due to the presence of derivative of\u00a0anthraquinone<\/a>\u00a0called\u00a0emodin<\/a>.<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Senna coffee \/Mogdad coffee seeds can be roasted and used as a substitute for coffee.<\/p>\n

\n

Thanks … but Senna occidentalis<\/em> has only 6-8 pairs of leaflets.<\/p>\n

\n

Yes … I think I overlooked the no. of leaves and took the overall resemblance. I should have examined properly.\u00a0 Sorry.
\nPossibly it is Senna sophera<\/em>. Need to examine the pods as well for confirmation.<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

Yes S. sophera<\/em> is possible<\/p>\n

\n

I will examine the pods when the pods will form.<\/p>\n

\n

Yes, appears more closer to images at\u00a0Senna sophera<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

References:<\/div>\n
The Plant List 1<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0The Plant List 2<\/a>\u00a0 GRIN<\/a> \u00a0Flora of Pakistan<\/a> \u00a0Annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal<\/a> \u00a0Flora of China<\/a>\u00a0 Dinesh Valke\u2019s Flickr Post<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Wikipedia<\/a>\u00a0 Aluka<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Linnean herbarium (S-LINN), Cassia sophera L.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Senna sophera (L.) Roxb.\u00a0(Syn.: Cassia atroviridis Span.; Cassia autropurpurea Benth.; Cassia canca Cav.; Cassia esculenta Roxb.; Cassia frutescens Mill.; Cassia geminiflora Schrank; Cassia linearis Michx.; Cassia lineata Michx.; Cassia occidentalis var. glabra DC.; Cassia occidentalis var. sophera (L.) Kuntze; Casssia patula Aiton; Cassia proboscidea Pollard; Cassia sophera Wall.; Cassia sophera…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[5058],"ht-kb-tag":[],"class_list":["post-1390634","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-senna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/1390634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ht_kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1390634"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb\/1390634\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1390634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-category?post=1390634"},{"taxonomy":"ht_kb_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efloraofindia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ht-kb-tag?post=1390634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}