Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 314. 1834. (syn: Pentaptera arjuna Roxb. [Hort. Bengal. 34. 1814, nom. nud.] ex DC.,  Prodr. 3: 15. 1828, nom. cons. prop.; Terminalia elliptica Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 4(2):  969. 1806, nom. rej. prop.; T. cuneata Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 380. 1821, nom. rej. prop.) (Reference: Wendy L. Applequist 2016. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 67. Taxon 65(1): 169-182.) as per efi thread;
.
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 314 1834. (Syn: Pentaptera angustifolia Roxb. (Unresolved); Pentaptera arjuna Roxb. ex DC.; Pentaptera glabra Roxb. (Unresolved); Pentaptera obovata DC. (unresolved); Terminalia cuneata Roth) as per The Plant List Ver. 1.1 ;
.
Arjun • Hindi: अर्जुन Arjun • Manipuri: মাঈযোকফা Maiyokpha • Tamil: மருது Marutu • Malayalam: Nirmarutu • Kannada: Nirmatti;
,
Comes to flower in late April continuing up to middle of June, leaves are shorter up to 8 cm long, inflorescence shorter about 5-8 cm long, and fruits up to 4 cm long but barely 2 cm broad with very short wings. Bark is smooth;
.
As per efi thread

T. cuneata (syn. of T. arjuna) has uneven stem with yellowish white bark. T. elliptica has tall cylindric stem with rough bark (crocodile back). The key goes as below.
Fruits 5-winged, spikes panicled
-Wings of fruits hard, lines on wings curved upwards > T. cuneata (syn. of T. arjuna)
Wings of fruits papery, lines on wings straight > T. elliptica (Syn. T.tomentosa  & T.crenulata )

If I may try and explain the differences:
1. T.arjuna / T.cuneata [Arjun] has a smooth, white bark flaking off in layers and resembles the bark of a Guava tree, whereas T.elliptica / T.tomentosa / T.crenulata [Ain] has a dark brown deeply fissured bark which is often referred to as ‘Crocodile bark’.
2. As … has pointed out the lines on the wings of the fruit are curved in T.arjuna whereas they are straight in T.elliptica.
3. T.arjuna can stand waterlogging and hence is growing well in the middle of my stream, but have always encountered T.elliptica far away from the banks of the stream.
.

The arjuna is about 20–25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk, and forms a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. It has oblong, conical leaves which are green on the top and brown below; smooth, grey bark; it has pale yellow flowers which appear between March and June; its glabrous, 2.5 to 5 cm fibrous woody fruit, divided into five wings, appears between September and November.[1][2]
The arjuna is usually found growing on river banks or near dry river beds in West Bengal and south and central India.[1]  
(From Wikipedia on 6.7.13)
.

/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_Jijamata%20Udyan4.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_Jijamata%20Udyan1.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_Jijamata%20Udyan2.jpg
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight :: Combretaceae :: Terminalia arjuna :: Jijamata Udyan :: ARKDEC-16 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)
Attached are pictures of huge Terminalia arjuna with the characteristic bark at Jijamata Udyan captured in March 2013.

Nice sharing … I lack its habit pics..



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Picture%20464.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Picture%20463.jpg
Crassulaceae,Combretaceae and Myrtaceae fortnight…………….Terminalia arjuna ?for validation : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
sending images of Terminalia arjuna for validation please do the need full

It seems Terminalia arjuna only, the leaves are serrulate.
In Terminalia arjuna fruits are winged, bark is pale grey and smooth.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20%20-4-.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20%20-1-.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20%20-2-.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20%20-3-.JPG
This is again submitted, from the same individual at different time…still I could not record the fruits of this very common tree…due to ignorance, and not availability..
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wt. & Arn.

Very good photographs …



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/T.%20arjuna%20KM%20-6-.JPG
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/T.%20arjuna%20KM%20-4-.JPG
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/T.%20arjuna%20KM%20-3-.JPG

Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight:: Combretaceae:: Terminalia arjuna from Haryana-NS 02 : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (4).
This large tree was recorded from a houseyard, this is planted on large scales in the state…
This is the Arjun tree..Terminalia arjuna


arjuna… I just know them from only the flower spikes
i would know them from the bark/inner and the seeds



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_5.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_3.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_2.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_7.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_6.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_1.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna_4.jpg
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight :: Combretaceae :: Terminalia arjuna :: Mumbai :: ARKDEC-11 : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (7).
Attached are pictures of Terminalia arjuna captured in a cultivated garden in Mumbai in April 2013.

The accepted name is Terminalia cuneata Roth.


‘..Terminalia cuneata Roth…’

…, the above name is listed as unresolved in theplantlist.
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. is the accepted name on that site.
Look forward to your comments. 

Thanks for the information



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC00209.JPG
Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight: Myrtaceae- Terminalia arjuna at Nagpur -PKA-DEC61 : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1).
Terminalia arjuna seen at Nagpur.

So far as I know, it is now called T. cuneata. Please verify.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-2-Delhi-2.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-b-Vikas-puri-near-SBI-5-7-Delhi-4.jpg

Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight: Combretaceae- Terminalia arjuna??? from Delhi-GSDEC49 : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments(8)
This plant I had uploaded on 5-6-2010 as Terminalia 2
This clearly differs from the other upload in up to 20 cm long leaves, spikes 7-10 cm long, fruit about 3.5 cm long, 3.5-4 cm broad with 1.2-1.5 cm broad wings, grown as avenue tree less commonly in Vikas Puri, New Delhi


Yes, though the fruits are a bit more round than what we have here.


To me it is Terminalia arjuna.


To me it is Terminalia arjuna.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC02472.JPG
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC02474.JPG
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC02473.JPG
Request for Species Id : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (3)

Request for Species Id.
Location: Forests of Mhow Tehsil, Indore district, Madhya Pradesh.


Terminalia arjuna ?


Yes, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. is a possible ID.


Yes it is Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn


Picture quality is not appropriate. However the trunk and the leaves indicate the tree may be Terminalia arjuna.



 Images by tspkumar.

/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/3-2014-05-14%2016.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/5-2014-05-14%2016.26.32.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/4-2014-05-14%2016.30.27.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/6-Belagumba_tmk20150323_120518%20-6-.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/1-2014-05-14%2016.25.50.jpg

TSPDEC2015-04-177:Images of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (7)

It is my pleasure to share few images of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae 

Habit: Tree 

Habitat: Wild, dry deciduous forest 

Sighting: Tumkur, Karnataka, about 800 msl 

Date: 14-05-2014, 26-05-2014 and 23-03-2015


all are good esp love the gland demo


.


Pl. go through Terminalia (‎‎‎Combretaceae) page with images of species (mainly done by …) in efloraofindia.

If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, it will be really nice.
Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.


I would like to mention that  the name Pentaptera arjuna Roxb. ex DC., i.e. the basionym of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. has been recommended to be conserved against Terminalia cuneata Roth and T. elliptica Willd.  However, proposal to conserve the name Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. as a replacement name for Terminalia ellliptica sensu Gangopadhyay & Chalrabarty (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 21(2): 355. 1997), non Willd. 1806 has been rejected.  Thus a later name has to be fixed for it such as T. alata Roth and T. crenulata Roth (both published in 1921 and again, like that of T. cuneata Roth, here also the type materials are not extant).  I will come back to this thread as soon as this name is fixed.


I am attaching herewith a sheet in which the correct names to be adopted for two species of Terminalia in India are elucidated for ready reference and correction of the efi page, if any.

Nomenclature of two species of Terminalia:

The name Terminalia arjuna is valid (Pentaptera arjuna recommended to be conserved and will be done so next year in China) and  T. elliptica Willd. as well as  T. cuneata Roth, both being earlier names of the same plant have been recommended for rejection.
The name Terminalia cuneata sensu M.Gangop. & Chakrab., non Willd. 1806 will henceforth be called as Terminalia alata B.Heyne ex Roth, unless found otherwise.
Nomenclature for the two species and their synonyms will be as follows:
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 314. 1834.
Pentaptera arjuna Roxb. [Hort. Bengal. 34. 1814, nom. nud.] ex DC.,  Prodr. 3: 15. 1828, nom. cons. prop.
Terminalia elliptica Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 4(2):  969. 1806, nom. rej. prop.
T. cuneata Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 380. 1821, nom. rej. prop.
……………………………………………..

Reference:

Wendy L. Applequist 2016. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 67. Taxon 65(1): 169-182.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-arjuna-janak-puri-17-12-Delhi-1.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0387-7.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/--domain%3Dgoogle.com--expires%3DThu--09-May-2019-10-44-21-GMT-vt-ANaJVrFjPxWPjWwpggxClB8Hzj-SjLonxGAmLIkarIvJZsgpl-vXZrhVmHrrvbAi-_sDEUoVJfbBEkAdbYVImSWDtV922N4FhIeKPqK16RKWdF9g9Y43fjg.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0385-6.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0388-9.JPG
SK745 21 SEP-2017:ID : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (5)
Location:  New Town Eco Park
                 Kolkata, India
Date: 10 September 2017
Elevation : 25 ft.

Arjuna.


Thanks, … Terminalia arjuna.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_3012.JPG
Tree for ID : 13 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1) – 1 MB.
A tree from our garden in Bangalore which has fruited for the first time. Unfortunately I do not have pics of the flowers which were very tiny, creamy/ white, on longish spikes.
Attached is a picture of the fruits. Would like to know its ID.


Could these be the capsules of a Dioscorea sp. which can be seen twining in one corner of this image? Have marked out the leaves in your photograph attached herewith. Please check and confirm.

I am with … thoughts; I believe that these are capsules of Dioscorea sp.

Attaching a close up of the fruits. These are from the tree. The Dioscorea (Alata, I think, Kachil in Malayalam) is also climbing on the tree, but the fruits are not from it.
…, the flowers on one of the trees from the link you sent is very similar.

1 image- 1 Mb.


OH !!!! 🙂 … mistook the fruits.
With the new picture, the conspicuous glands on stalks of leaves tell – Terminalia sp.
… did point to Combretaceae !

Thanks, …, for this clear photograph. It does point to a Terminalia sp. Reminds me of T. arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn [Combretaceae]. A picture of the trunk (base & bark) can also be helpful in ascertaining the species of this genus.


Looks more like a Terminalia sps.

Attached are two more photos of base and trunk.
Would appreciate some advise on this tree as to how large it grows. It’s growing very close to the wall of a shed. It seems to have come up by itself and we retained it thinking it is a fruit tree. Any uses and can it be propagated from seeds?
Attachments (1)

Thanks … This is the typical flaky bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. [Combretaceae]. You might find some interesting information on this tree in this article.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-2-Delhi-4.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-2-Delhi-1.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-2-Delhi-2-7.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-2-Delhi-3.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-2-Delhi-5.jpg
[efloraofindia:34110] Terminalia-2 from Delhi : Attachments (5).  9 posts by 8 authors.
Another Terminalia species from Delhi, with up to 20 cm long leaves, spikes 7-10 cm long, fruit about 3.5 cm long, 3.5-4 cm broad with 1.2-1.5 cm broad wings, grown as avenue tree less commonly in Vikas Puri, New Delhi

can this plant be Terminalia tomentosa?


I think this plant is T arjuna


… personally, not yet familiar with T. arjuna … believe its bark appears (distinguishably) brighter, compared to T. elliptica.


it is Terminalia arjuna


In Terminalia tomentosa bark appears like crocodile’s skin and in T. arjuna it is white and not so rough. T. arjuna is a water indicator plant generally found near a water source.


And bark of T. arjuna is characteristically greyish and peeling (like that of Lagerstromea)


Terminalia arjuna bark in different seasons
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=70311
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=49794
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=44551
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=70314
Terminalia alata bark
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=106859


Thanks friends for finally clearing my doubt. I had for last 7-8 months considered this to be T. tomentosa especially on the basis of broader fruits with much extended wings, longer leaves and longer inflorescence, but doubt came when I noticed smooth bark (which I deliberately held back so that other aspects are focussed by members). Yes both Terminalia-1 and Terminalia-2 have smooth bark.
Now a million dollar question, for those who were able to identify Terminalia-2 also as T. cuneata (T. arjuna).
I knew about both differences between T. cuneata (T.arjuna) and T. elliptica (T. tomentosa): in bark and nerves on fruit wings, but some books mention about longer leaves, longer infl, and much extended wings (1-1.5 cm in T. elliptica as against usually less than 5 mm in T. cuneata). My two uploaded plants (Terminalia-1 and Terminalia-2), did show these differences but did not have photographs of bark or wing nerves. How come some other members were able to identify both as T. cuneata. I would love to know that, so that I learn to differentiate the two species minus bark and wing nerves.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0111a_Trunk.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0112TrunkUpper.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0105a_Tree1.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0116_LeafCloseUp.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0115_Seeds.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0110a8.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0110a10.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0116_Leaf11.jpg
[efloraofindia:34057] Riparian Trees | ID 06Mar2010AR01 : Attachments (8). 13 posts by 6 authors.
While we took a small break near the rivers of the Anchetty forests, we came across many of these interesting tree species, most of them rested in the banks or in the midst of the river, gone dry in summer. The trees in these scrub forests are dwarf except in these rivulets where they reach great heights upto 120 feet.

We watched a number of such trees amidst the river during our drive for more than 10 kms (Mar 2010).

Wonder how these trees withstand the gushing river floods during monsoons.

And most importantly, these gigiantic trees in the rivers are untouched by human hands. At Hogenakkal, while hitching a ride on the coracle, the boatman would often take us around these trees! Some of these magnificent trees are several centuries old (200-350 years approx)

Probably Mekedatu, Muttati in Karnataka, Anchetty and Hogenakal on the Tamilnadu-Karnataka border are the best places to see tree kinds in the mid of river cauvery river. I suppose Terminalia arjuna, grows quite tall and are found in good numbers in the turbulent Cauvery river.

Date/Time-

08 Mar 2010

Location- Place, Altitude, GPS-

Amidst the dry river stream, Anchetty – Hogenakal, Tamil Nadu

Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type-

River banks, streams, rivulets, Wild, forest

Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb-

Tree

Height/Length-

50-60 feet

Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size-

alternate, elliptic, 5 inches

Inflorescence Type/ Size-

Flowers Size/ Colour/ Calyx/ Bracts-

Not seen

Fruits Type/ Shape/ Size Seeds-

5 winged fruit, Brownish red

Other Information like Fragrance, Pollinator, Uses etc.-

Definitely not a Vitex leucoxylon tree / T.elliptica /T. crenulata

 

 

Terminalia cuneata or Arjun tree.


Perhaps more than 80 per cent trees in our big area of Janak Puri and Vikas Puri belong to Terminalia that have been confusing me for a long time. Finally I thought I had solved mystery and identified two species T. arjuna and T. tomentosa (correctly known as T. crenulata) largely on the basis of shorter spikes, early flowering April-May, and smaller wings in T. arjuna and longer spikes, late flowering May-June and longer wings in T. tomentosa, although I could not verify often mentioned rough bark in latter. With your identifying above plant as T. elliptica (syn T. alata), I am again in dilemma as my Brandis Indian Trees does not include either. Could you kindly tell me how to differentiate T. arjuna from T. elliptica?.


I just found out that T. elliptica is closer to (or correct name for) T. crenulata (T. tomentosa). If distinct how to differentiate the two. GRIN as well as Useful plants of India treat them distinct (latter T. alata (syn: T. tomentosa) and T. crenulata (T. tomentosa var. crenulata)).


I have identified the tree as T. cuneata syn T. arjuna (not as T. elliptica syn T. crenulata) from the stem, bark and fruits. T. cuneata has uneven stem with yellowish white bark. T. elliptica has tall cylindric stem with rough bark (crocodile back). The key goes as below.
Fruits 5-winged, spikes panicled
-Wings of fruits hard, lines on wings curved upwards > T. cuneata
Wings of fruits papery, lines on wings straight > T. elliptica
Hope this sorts out the confusion.


Thanks … for removing my confusion
But perhaps, I am still not clear. I will be uploading my photographs separately for you to have a look at them


Photographs of both trees posted by you appear to be of Terminalia arjuna. Have both these trees on my property.
If I may try and explain the differences:
1. T.arjuna / T.cuneata [Arjun] has a smooth, white bark flaking off in layers and resembles the bark of a Guava tree, whereas T.elliptica / T.tomentosa / T.crenulata [Ain] has a dark brown deeply fissured bark which is often referred to as ‘Crocodile bark’.
2. As … has pointed out the lines on the wings of the fruit are curved in T.arjuna whereas they are straight in T.elliptica.
3. T.arjuna can stand waterlogging and hence is growing well in the middle of my stream, but have always encountered T.elliptica far away from the banks of the stream.

Terminalia aruna can be observed growing along the stream, where as T. crenulata grows far away from the stream.


Now a million dollar question, especially to …
I knew about both differences between T. cuneata (T.arjuna) and T. elliptica (T. tomentosa): bark and nerves on fruit wings, but some books mention about longer leaves, longer infl, and much extended wings (1-1.5 cm in T. elliptica as against usually less than 5 mm in T. cuneata). My two uploaded plants (Terminalia-1 and Terminalia-2), did show these differences but did not have photographs of bark or wing nerves. How come … and some other members were able to identify both as T. cuneata. I would love to know that. Incidentally both had smooth bark.

Am not a trained botanist, but can tell the diference between the two by looking at the leaves. Generally T.elliptica leaves are darker, larger, thicker and with a more pointed apex than T.arjuna which have light green leaves with rounder tips.
Will send photographs on Sunday to illustrate my point when I will be next visiting my property.

I will be looking forward for photographs, especially the fruits.


Leaves of Terminalia alata
(Please see the leaves at right side. Click on any part of image to see enlarged version.)
http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_PAO2529&res=640
Terminalia arjuna leaves
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=95710
Terminalia alata fruit
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=101825
Terminalia arjuna fruit
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=pdb&PdbID=52985


As you know, I am conducting surveys for collecting information on treatment of Sickle Cell Anaemia. On April 22, 2010 during surveys the Traditional Healers showed me fruits of Ulat Kahua. It was neither Terminalia arjuna nor Terminalia alata (Syn. Terminalia tomentosa http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=242425885)
This Terminalia is rare in occurence and I have not found any information in reference literautres on taxonomy as well as anicent medical systems including Ayurveda. I am attaching pictures of fruit. May be it is new to science. If it so please name it in the name of the Traditional Healers of Chhattisgarh as they are using it since time immemorial and saving lives



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_0147-1.JPG
It looks like mango, but not..! ID requested for 20032011pj3
Date/Time-: 13/03/11   –     1 1:40
Location- Place, Altitude – Kaiga , Uttar Kannada ,Karnataka, 380 mtrs
Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type-    Wild
Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb-Tree
Height/Length-7m


https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Ye1N3ypT8_8/T5gqF5tKMhI/AAAAAAAADwE/9SYvAlMyP1M/s1600/is%2Bthat%2Ba%2Bgland%2B2477.jpg
https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-773Lg9HBKeE/T5gqESb6mSI/AAAAAAAADwE/WuERtZk0lIE/s1600/a%2Bpair%2Bof%2Bglands%2Bon%2Ba%2Bsingle%2Bleaf%2B2506.jpg
https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-oJDCDvDRoq8/T5gqDOcczMI/AAAAAAAADwE/isUbpOMg8kU/s1600/Terminalia%2Barjuna%2Bgland%2B2475.jpg
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-z-TCczN4Sbk/T5gqC2djvlI/AAAAAAAADwE/nJddAkyKLQg/s1600/Terminalia%2Barhuna%2Bgland%2B2469.jpg
https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-PjEfZ8bS_sM/T5gpM8qqC9I/AAAAAAAADvM/7-soCQBniHc/s1600/only%2Bone%2Bgland%2Bper%2Bleaf%2B2505.jpg
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-DtuHYbdj83c/T5gnhR6VrzI/AAAAAAAADu4/9RPsgBcV4qs/s1600/a%2Bpair%2Bof%2Bglands%2Bon%2Ba%2Bsingle%2Bleaf%2B2506.jpg

glands on Terminalia arjuna:
Recorded these images today. Each mature (but not old) leaf, except one, bears a single petiolar gland. Examined 7 leaves from a twig.


I stole one of you picture and tried to point the leaf glands in Terminalia (attached).


now tell me about the other picture that … has marked some spot in thebody of the leaf.. could you please?


Actually i was thinking if those bulges on the leafblade are also initiation of glands or not!


I should confess that I have no idea about the origin of the bulges on the leaf they can be caused by leaf anomaly or may be due to insect infestation. I have seen insects at there larval stage(?) take shelter inside leaves. I came to know about this by accident. Once I saw bunch of “mole” like structures on the mango leaf initially I thought them to be fungal infection later on making section I found insects within them!


Extrafloral nectories (other than the glands that we have been discussing about so far) are common in members of Combretaceae. But they usually occur in the axils of nerves on the lower surface of the leaf. You may examine the undersurface of badam (Terminalia catappa) leaf for e.g., to see the hairy structures (called ‘domatia’). However, the spots pointed by …do not seem to be the extrafloral nectories. They may be (bacterial?) infections?


Thanks …, for the clear pictures of glands. They seem to vary in number and position in this species too.


For my photographs of this please check my mail dated 10th May 2010. [For some reason am not able to Copy & Paste the link here possibly because I am using a Yahoo account. Will appreciate any help in this matter].


However, i recorded more glands from another ARJUN tree, today. Examined yet another. Majority of those leaves do have a single gland on their base, some have a pair, one on each side of midrib, and as you said, all on the lower surface.
It is intersting to note, as you can see in one of the attached pics, that often a leaf lacks any gland when the opposite facing leaf has a pair of them! But this not a strict rule because i have seen exceptions too.
Attaching two more images that i recorded today.

…, there is no difference between the glands of your Arjuna and my Arjuna! Found your post at – efi thread
and an image showing the gkands at – efi thread

could be an gall like thing as this family is rich in tannins….just guessing though


Thank you … for the suggestion…. i was thinking which microbes could feed on tannin! A google search gave many interesting links


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna12.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna11.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna10.jpg

Terminalia arjuna : Glands:
I got a chance to photograph glands on Terminalia arjuna today. I compared these glands with those seen on Terminalia elliptica.
efi mail
New foliage was also observed on this tree and agin the smaller leaves also showed the presence of glands.
The striking difference observed is: Here the glands are at the junction of the petiole and the leaf base.They are thus visible from both sides. Often the leaf has 3 glands but more commonly they were two on each leaf one on either side of midrib.


…, it does NOT look like Terminalia arjuna to me. Pl let us know why I may be wrong (!) 🙂


With very few characters it is difficult to label a species.
I think you raised a point as the foliage looks more tomentose.
I may be wrong. Let me go again and check for the flowers which were there and possibly old fruits. Will respond again if I find something more.


It is now Terminalia cuneata Roth.


.


01112011GS1 Terminalia 1 from Delhi:
This Terminalia sp. comes to flower in late April continuing up to middle of June, leaves are shorter up to 8 cm long, inflorescence shorter about 5-8 cm long, and fruits up to 4 cm long but barely 2 cm broad with very short wings. Bark is smooth. I thought it to be the typical T. arjuna.

Nice set of Pics Sir I too think this is Arjun


Yes …, it does look like T. arjuna (I though T. cuneata is the accepted name?!).



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG0594A.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG0593A.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG0596A.jpg
Id Please:CR29052012:
Kindly help in identifying this tree. The fruits are starfruit shaped. The flowers have mild fragrance. Sorry for the poor quality of the mobile photos.
Venue: Nana-Nani Park, Pune
Date:29 May 12

Terminalia arjuna  अर्जुन


I agree with … It is obviously a Combretaceae member.Terminalia sp. Looking at the pale grey coloured bark it seems to be Terminalia arjuna.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-b-Vikas-puri-H-Block-10-6-Delhi-3.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-b-Vikas-puri-near-SBI-5-7-Delhi-2.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-b-Vikas-puri-near-SBI-5-7-Delhi-4-5.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-b-Vikas-puri-sbi-5-5-Delhi-5.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-b-Vikas-puri-sbi-5-5-Delhi-2.jpg
01112011GS2 Terminalia 2 from Delhi:
This Terminalia is late flowering, coming to flower in late May or early June continuing up to middle of July, leaves are longer often reaching 12 cm or more, more rounded at tip, inflorescence longer, reaching 12 cm, fruits are much different almost as broad as long, 3 cm or so, with very long wings. I thought it to be T. tomentosa (T. elliptica), but it has also smooth bark, and members here suggested it to be another T. arjuna.


the fruits look unusual, suggesting more (molecular level) studies…


Seeking further comments in light of mine 01112011GS1


The plant in the picture is Terminalia arjuna. Here in Mumbai we have a few trees in the Zoo and one near BPT gardens. The fruits of all these trees differ in size from one another. Flowering of one of the trees in the zoo is early while some flower late. These are my personal observations as i have done detailed study of this species.


.


Rare Squirrel gets foster family in Kaiga:

Please find the attached article and photograph by me (Malabar gaint squirrel merrily eating the tender twig of Terminalia arjuna) , which was published in The Deccan Herald dated 30/12/11.

Very inspiring… I have seen red panda but not the red squirrel.. thanks for the pic…
what a co-incidence… just this afternoon.. I remarked to my driver as we sat near a crossing and a banyan tree and its aerials roots all tangled etc where something reminded me of a squirrel.. that we had not seen any squirrels driving around this city full of trees where we used to see a lot of them…what he shared shocked me .. he proceeded to tell me in some details how squirrel meat is very expensive and local people all feed and make the squirrels less fearful and then catch and eat them or sell the meat and skins… HOW GHASTLY… as the Kol gets back to official work I am going to find out if there is any law that protects the wild animals, squirrels are certainly not domesticated… and the migratory birds need to be protected too here in Bengal… many villagers just eat and empty out water bodies of migrating water birds… annihilating entire families of ducks etc…. and if there is no law protecting them there ought to be one…


Nice story …, here is another. He was saved from a predator and now forages outside but by nightfall comes inside the house to sleep. If he is not covered up, he keeps frolicking on anyone who is asleep and wakes them up. He has become the pet of everyone.


Thanks … and … for sharing this story and images of this long tailed squirrel. How cute to wake up people if he is not covered. I remember my son telling me when he was in school that a squirrel has become his friend and comes to eat everyday when he would have his lunch break. Of’course this was the common squirrel that we see.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Symbiosis%20269.jpg

SYMBIOSIS : 269:
Attaching an image of Alexadrine Parakeet on the fruits of Terminalia arjun. I saw this bird eating fruits of Terminalia chebula and Lagerstroemia speciosa which no other birds eat in this area (at least i have not seen any).



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Valmiki%204.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Valmiki%203.jpg

VALMIKI : OBSERVER OF NATURE:
Today I am attaching images of the leaves and trunk of a tree Valmiki called KAKUBHA or ARJUNA. ( Scientifically it is known as Terminalia arjuna.). Valmiki was a keen observer, and knew that the tree peels off the bark at this time of the year, and the trunk turns very smooth. He compared the smoothness of human body part with that of the trunk of Kakubha or Arjun. He used trunk of another plant for comparison purpose and that is Banana tree. If you are having Arjuna tree in your area you may like to see for yourself how keen an observer was Valmiki. 


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN0904a.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN0927a.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN0919a.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN0903a-3.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN0913a.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN0925a.JPG
terminalia arjuna, chandigarh : Attachments (6).  2 posts by 2 authors.
terminalia arjuna
planted along roadsides and parks in chandigarh
photographed in the month of june

Yes an important avenue tree here in Pantnagar. Last years fruits have fallen on the ground and germinating nowadays.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/photo.JPG
Terminalia arjuna :  Attachments (1). 1 post by 1 author.
Germinating Arjun tree.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN8822.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN8830.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN8827.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN8824.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN8819.jpg
Hooghly Today : commander on Arjuna sapling: Attachments (6). 1 post by 1 author.
This commander butterfly, recorded today, on a sapling, seemingly of Arjuna Tree.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2GoF7BLhNV_OEE5HjUNEuiYfzADG48FxeOoexvDsZTZ94A2pWj87JQ_EUBNAOZM8rR7Ny_4aicLROk4yfaIVawXM4naI611qjh8LkKJNT-ne-w5000-h5000.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ocbt7Q2gMqQ6Hh22fvkfzOwln8J7BNeBhJMxIh7OJPxKx_FBV258Om7CdovDnJpt5MoQqwBGaqJykoZIbNucpH87KitbVyDGworm9FtJuDUh-w5000-h5000.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/I6gYw94gzWPcB_xH4a3UxCv4SHHBD1Y2kmcYmGlIJ3P9HlnjsQySM_KFxm4jpc0_OCT5asdvydwACFCfZtHOKSuh8xk1bJgGCT1fwwh4eeaY-w5000-h5000.jpg
Panna National Park about 500 – 1800 ft asl
Date / Time: 15 SEP 13 at 01:29 PM Altitude: about 787 ft asl
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. … (family: Combretaceae)
My first sighting of Terminalia arjuna.
… not sure if another tree shown below is T. arjuna; the guide told us that the trunk is scraped by the sloth bears of the forest.

Some BATS put a hole on the fruits and eat the seeds. However not seen every where. Few places


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_2164.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_2167.jpg
Tree for ID (iv) : Attachments (2). 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2).
Bangalore 16th May

It is a young tree of Terminalia arjunaArjun;  Bilimaddi


How do you say that it is Terminalia cuneata (syn, T. arjuna) without any diagnostic character in the photo.


Okay, Thank you very much.

syn: T. glabra Wight & Arn.
Arjun, Kumbuk
A tall tree with pale gray to whitish smooth bark; leaves subopposite, oblong to elliptic, 5-12 cm long, rounded or cordate at base, entire or somewhat crenate mainly in upper part; petiole up to 10 mm long, with 1-2 rounded glands at top; flowers yellowish-white in 5-8 cm long spikes; bracts linear-lanceolate; hypanthium campanulate, 4-5 mm long; stamens 10, much exserted; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-4 cm long, up to 2 cm broad, with narrow barely 3-5 broad wings, dark brown; flowering late April to early June in Delhi.
Photographed from Delhi.
Terminalia arjuna is sometimes considered as synonym of T. cuneata, but both GRIN and The Plant List consider it as accepted name.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna-Mahabaleshwar-DSCN8227.JPG
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight : Combretaceae : Terminalia arjuna : Mahabaleshwar : 20DEC14 : AK-55 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Small Arjun tree seen in Mahabaleshwar.
Posted earlier.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_3486%20-%20Copy.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_3487%20-%20Copy.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_3489%20-%20Copy.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_3488%20-%20Copy.JPG
Requesting to please provide ID of the tree captured at MNP in April 2014.
Is this T. arjuna

Yes, very likely to be..


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG20180709122832.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG20180709122845.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG20180709134331.jpg
Fwd: Terminalia tomentosa or T.arjuna- Pl. confirm : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)- 1 mb or more.
Respected sir I’m sending six images of Terminalia tomentosa or T.arjuna
Palace gujarat barada Hil
Date 9.7.2018
Habit. wild

Can you notice prominent glands on the lower surface of the leaves at or near the junction of petiole and lamina?
Yes, Terminalia tomentosa, now its earliest name is Terminalia elliptica.


The flaking bark in these images is typical of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. [Combretaceae].


Let us wait for the flowering and fruiting.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/%3B-domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B-expires%3DThu--09-May-2019-09-47-23-GMT.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Bark%20I%20IMG_1654.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna3.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/UID_-.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/UID_2b.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/UnId-fruits.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20seeds.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Young%20Tree%20I%20IMG_1655.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-1-Delhi-2.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20leaves%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%20Combretaceae%202010_06_09_charkop_0099%20e.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/arjun_Terminalia-arjuna_delhi_451_220408.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20fruis%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%20Combretaceae%202010_06_09_charkop_0132%20e.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20flower%20buds%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%20Combretaceae%202010_06_09_cec_%20e.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-1-Delhi-3.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20fruits%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%20Combretaceae%202010_06_09_charkop_0134%20e.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Bang.%20Hog%20Plum%20%20Arjuna.%20031.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Bang.%20Hog%20Plum%20%20Arjuna.%20029.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%201%20leaves.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Leaf%20glands.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%201%20bark%201.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Tussar%20Silk%20moth%20cocoon%20on%20Arjun%20tree%202010_06_09_cec_0102%20e.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20fruits%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%20Combretaceae%202010_06_09_cec_0091%20e.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20flowers%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%20Combretaceae%202010_06_09_cec_e.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Flowers%20with%20Sykes-s%20warbler%20I%20IMG_1880.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-1-Delhi-4.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%201%20bark%202.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%202%20leaves.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%202.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna4.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fruit%20I%20IMG_9577.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia-1-Delhi-1.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%201.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Terminalia%20arjuna%20leaf%20Glands%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%20Combretaceae_e.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Leaves%20with%20bathing%20Coppersmith%20Barbet%20I%20IMG_4465.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/%3B-domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B-expires%3DThu--09-May-2019-09-47-20-GMT.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/UID_1c.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/UID_2a.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC04905.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC04913.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC04908.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC_6385.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/%3B-domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B-expires%3DThu--09-May-2019-09-47-24-GMT.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/For%20Id%20Tree2%20I%20IMG_2892.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC02748-5.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC04911.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC02746-8.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/%3B-domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B-expires%3DThu--09-May-2019-10-00-28-GMT.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/%3B-domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B-expires%3DThu--09-May-2019-10-00-29-GMT.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/UID_1b.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/%3B-domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B-expires%3DThu--09-May-2019-09-47-26-GMT.jpg
13/4/07 in Kolkata; In Delhi on 22.4.08; Sonepat, Haryana 17 May 09; 9.5.09- Yamuna Bio diversity park, Delhi; at Sagargad , Alibag- June’09?; Vikas Puri, New Delhi- May’10?; 17 May 2010   9.00am- Sagargad, Alibag; in Charkop, Mumbai; in Chennai- May’10;

Trees of Delhi- flowers in late April, lasting through most of May. Beautiful Trees & Shrubs of Kolkata by Chakraverty & Jain – flowers from summer to early monsoon (May-July)


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/%3B-domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B-expires%3DWed--18-Dec-2019-08-40-30-GMT.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_4375%20-%20Copy.JPG
Flower for Id – 18052019SH1 : 9 posts by 5 authors. Attachments (2)- 283 kbd an 6 mb.

Flower for id pl.
Location – Versova, Mumbai
Date – May 2019


Some Combretaceae.
Could be Arjun or Baheda. Not sure


Thanks … Posting one more pic of trunk of the tree. Looks white like Arjun Tree but i had never seen so profusely flowered Arjun. The tree doesn’t seem to be very old. Maybe around 20 ft. in height and the flowers are having mild fragrance.
Attachments (1)


T. arjuna


 


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KVIQUzQ1rOtczITG3BnOBVrE5IxDTbPXhBzQAIdR807fPw7PZ2_AoLc1uYtpJMYhTIgaKlufP3l-Uv0sSNESOFQRknaM6fm3cCMMoXd5090X68c-w5000-h5000.jpg

Terminalia alata :: Puducherry :: 13 OCT 19 : 10 posts by 6 authors. 4 images.
Puducherry  near sea coast
Date: October 13, 2019 … Altitude range: about 0 – 3 m (0 – 10 feet) asl
Terminalia alata  Roth

wonderful. nice depiction of the gland. i thought all terminalia should have them and must be demonstrated in pictures. is it true?


Thank you, … Most of Terminalia spp. have the glands.

Thank you, … I have its inflorescence in earlier collection. Will post it soon.


May be Terminalia arjuna as per glands on Terminalia arjuna. Leaves (somewhat) and the position of glands also look different in Terminalia elliptica as per TSPDEC2015-07-180: Images of Terminalia elliptica (Combretaceae)
Habit also looks more closer to Terminalia arjuna
Fruits may be young to depend on them for id.

Terminalia arjuna.
See the leaf shape, glands, and fruit with striations angling downwards,

Yes. Terminalia arjuna.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Bangalore-20200606_071619.jpg

Terminalia arjuna Fruits : Bangalore : 30JUN20 : AK-51 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (2)
A cultivated tree seen earlier this month.
I hope the id is correct.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/P1370077.JPG

Tree for ID : Bangalore : 06SEP20 : AK-06 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3)
Tree with peeling bark seen near a lake in Jan.

Could be Terminalia arjuna


Thanks …
These trees seem to be very common in Bangalore.


.


Bilaspur plant for id please : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)- 4 mb.
Request for identification of cultivated plant from Bilaspur. The plant is not having flowers. Photographed today morning.

Terminalia arjuna


.


Terminalia for ID from Kaikondrahalli lake, Bangalore-GS31012022-1: 3 very high res. images.
Terminalia for ID photographed from Kaikondrahalli lake, Bangalore, 17-9-2015.


Please post the image of the habit sir.


These are the only images I have


Terminalia arjuna


 


.

References:

efi thread  The Plant List 1 (Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.) The Plant List 2 (Terminalia cuneata Roth- unresolved) GRIN  Flora of Pakistan (syn. as Pentaptera
arjuna Roxb. ex DC.,
Terminalia
glabra Wt. & Arn.
 & Terminalia
urjan Royle
Flowers of India  Wikipedia  Wikimedia Commons  India Biodiversity Portal (Terminalia arjunaBiodiversity In India, Volume 4 edited by T. Pullaiah (2006- Terminalia cuneata Roth with Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. & Pentaptera arjuna Roxb. as syn.)