Trichosanthes

Keys in Flora of Bhutan:
1. Male flowers solitary or 2; anthers free ……….. .. 1. T. dioica
+ Male flowers in racemes; anthers connate …………… .. 2
2. Male racemes with minute, linear bracts l – 2mm ……… .. 2. T. cucumerina
+ Male racemes with large, oblong or rounded bracts 0.5 – 4.5cm …………. .. 3
3. Leaves unlobed or obscurely lobed (rarely distinctly 3-lobed in T. truncata) … 4
+ Leaves shallowly to deeply lobed ………. .. 5
4. Leaves ovate, base rounded or truncate ….. .. 3. T. truncata
+ Leaves ovate, base cordate …… .. 4. T. cordata
5. Leaves softly pubescent or subglabrous on upper surface …. .. 6
+ Leaves roughly pubescent or scaly on upper surface …… .. 7
6. Leaves glabrous; male peduncles 9 – 15cm; calyx tube 4.5 – 5cm … 5. T. khasiana
+ Leaves 1 rough on both surfaces; male peduncles 2 – 8cm; calyx tube c 2.5cm … 6. T. ovigera
7. Leaves coarsely pubescent …….. 7. T. wallichiana
+ Leaves scaly or pitted at first ……… 8. T. lepiniana
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The Cucurbitaceae of India: Accepted names, synonyms, geographic distribution, and information on images and DNA sequences by Susanne S. Renner, Arun K. Pandey. (2013)-
Accepted names:
Trichosanthes anaimalaiensis Bedd. (Distribution in India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Naithani, 1990), Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Tripura. Endemic)
Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt (Distribution: Bangladesh, India (throughout), Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka as per Revision of the Trichosanthes tricuspidata – bracteata complex (Cucurbitaceae) in India– Savita Pandey, T.S. Rana and K.N. Nair- Rheedea Vol. 26 (2) 83-93 2016)
Trichosanthes cordata Roxb. (Distribution in India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes costata Bl. (Distribution in India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (Distribution in India: Native and cultivated throughout India)
Trichosanthes cucumeroides (Ser.) Maxim. (Distribution inside India: Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (Distribution in India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes dunniana H. Lév. (Distribution in India: Minimally Meghalaya)
Trichosanthes kerrii Craib (Distribution in India: Nagaland, Mongsemdi Naga hills (Chakravarty, 1982).)
Trichosanthes khasiana Kundu (Distribution in India: Meghalaya)
Trichosanthes lepiniana (Naudin) Cogn. (Pondichery, Sikkim)
Trichosanthes lobata Roxb. (Distribution in India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes nervifolia L. (Distribution in India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes ovigera Blume (Distribution in India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes quinquangulata A. Gray (Distribution in India: Andaman Islands (voucher: L. Rasingam 17583, PBL))
Trichosanthes rubriflos Thorel ex Cayla (Distribution in India: Unknown; Distribution outside India: China, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand)
Trichosanthes scabra Lour. (Distribution in India: The range of this species is unclear; Distribution outside India: China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam)
Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. (Distribution in India: West Bengal?; Distribution outside India: Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
Trichosanthes truncata C.B. Clarke (Distribution in India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes tubiflora (Wight & Arn.) H.J.De Boer (Distribution in India: Kerala)
Trichosanthes villosula Cogn. (Distribution in India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal)
Trichosanthes wallichiana (Ser.) Wight (Distribution in India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal)

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Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt   

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Trichosanthes costata Blume (Indian Subcontinent to S. China and Malesia: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)

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Abstract : The snake gourd genus, Trichosanthes, is the largest genus in the Cucurbitaceae family, with over 90 species. Recent molecular phylogenetic data have indicated that the genus Gymnopetalum is to be merged with Trichosanthes to maintain monophyly. A revised infrageneric classification of Trichosanthes including Gymnopetalum is proposed with two subgenera, (I) subg. Scotanthus comb. nov. and (II) subg. Trichosanthes, eleven sections, (i) sect. Asterospermae, (ii) sect. Cucumeroides, (iii) sect. Edulis, (iv) sect. Foliobracteola, (v) sect. Gymnopetalum, (vi) sect. Involucraria, (vii) sect. Pseudovariifera sect. nov., (viii) sect. Villosae stat. nov., (ix) sect. Trichosanthes, (x) sect. Tripodanthera, and (xi) sect. Truncata. A synopsis of Trichosanthes with the 91 species recognized here is presented, including four new combinations, Trichosanthes orientalis, Trichosanthes tubiflora, Trichosanthes scabra var. pectinata, Trichosanthes scabra var. penicaudii, and a clarified nomenclature of Trichosanthes costata and Trichosanthes scabra.
Binomial Habit Notes Ref. Distrib.
Trichosanthes anaimalaiensis Bedd. Climber Western Ghats,
Evergreen Forests		 Flora of Tamil
Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957		 Coimbatore,
Dindigul, Theni
Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Climber Plains,
Cultivated		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		 All
districts
Trichosanthes lobata Roxb. Climber Western
Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Chakra varthy, 1959		 Coimbatore,
Madurai, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli		  
Trichosanthes nervifolia L. Twining
herb		 Western
Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		 Dindigul,
Kanniya kumari, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli
Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.  Climber Plains,
Dry Localities		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		 All
districts
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Botanical name Synonyms Family Common name
Trichosanthes cucumerina Cucurbitaceae Snake Gourd
Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trichosanthes palmata Cucurbitaceae Indrayan
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Flora of Eastern Ghats: Hill Ranges of South East India, Volume 3 By T. Pullaiah, K. Sri Ramamurthy (2007)- Details with Keys–
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North-Eastern region including Assam:
Peninsular region-
Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt
Trichosanthes himalensis C.B. Clarke synonym of Trichosanthes ovigera Blume,
Trichosanthes piniana,
Trichosanthes perrottetiana Cogn. (Syn. of Trichosanthes lobata Roxb. as per The Cucurbitaceae of India) &
Trichosanthes villosa Blume  

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Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)-
Trichosanthes himalensis C.B. Clarke synonym of Trichosanthes ovigera Blume
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1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants edited by Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett:
Trichosanthes lepiniana (Naudin) Cogn.- Indeterminate- Tamilnadu 
Trichosanthes perrottetiana Cogn. (Syn. of Trichosanthes lobata Roxb. as per The Cucurbitaceae of India)- Indeterminate-  Tamilnadu
Trichosanthes villosula Cogn.- Indeterminate- Tamilnadu
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An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with Keys-
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Trichosanthes : 1 post by 1 author.

I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Trichosanthes

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

Any comments are welcome