Canthium

Canthium angustifolium Roxb. (India to Thailand: Assam, Bangladesh, India, Thailand as per POWO)
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Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston (Bangladesh; India; Sri Lanka as per Catalogue of Life)

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Canthium parvifolium Roxb. ? (India to Indo-China: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Vietnam as per POWO)

Canthium rheedei DC. (W. & S. India, Sri Lanka as per POWO)

Canthium species- Kaiga, Uttar Kannada, Karnataka

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BSI Flora of India Checklist (Distribution):

Name	Distribution
Canthium angustifolium	Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Canthium coromandelicum	Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu
Canthium gracilipes	Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Meghalaya
Canthium merrillianum	DOUBTFUL TAXA
Canthium neilgherrense	Endemic to India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu (syn. of Canthiumera neilgherrensis (Wight) K.M.Wong as per POWO)
Canthium parvifolium	Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal
Canthium rheedei	Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Canthium travancoricum	Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu

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Flora of Peninsular India:
Canthium angustifolium
Canthium coromandelicum
Canthium glabrum (syn. of Canthiumera glabra (Blume) K.M.Wong & Mahyuni as per POWO. Distribution as per CoL)
Canthium neilgherrense (syn. of Canthiumera neilgherrensis (Wight) K.M.Wong as per POWO)
Canthium neilgherrense var. chartacea
Canthium parviflorum Lam. (syn. of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston as per POWO)
Canthium rheedei
Canthium travancoricum

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From Floral Database of Tamilnadu :

Binomial

Habit

Notes

Ref.

Distrib.

Canthium angustifolium Roxb.	Shrub	Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Ranji thakani et al. 1992	Kanniya kumari, Salem, Tirunelveli
Canthium coromandelicum (Burm. F.) Alston	Shrub	Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	All districts
Canthium ficiforme Hook.f. is a synonym of Psydrax ficiformis (Hook.f.) Bridson	Tree	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Gamble 1957	Coimbatore, Theni, Tirunelveli
Canthium neilgherrense Wight var. chartacea (Gamble) Swamin.	Tree	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Dindigul, Nilgiri
Canthium neilgherrense Wight var. neilgherrense	Shrub/ small tree	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Nilgiri, Theni, Tirunelveli
Canthium rheedii DC. (Canthium rheedei DC.)	Shrub	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Dindigul, Kanniya kumari, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli, Tiruvanna malai
Canthium travancoricum (Bedd.) Hook.f.	Tree	Western Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Coimbatore, Kanniya kumari, Theni, Tirunelveli

FRLHT Indian Medicinal Plants Nomenclature Database with images/ herbarium, distribution, local names etc. :

Canthium angustifolium ROXB. Canthium coromandelicum (N.BURM.)
Canthium dicoccum (GAERTN.) TEIJSM. & BINN. Var. dicoccum (? Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Merr. is a synonym of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn.) Canthium parviflorum LAM. is a synonym of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston
Canthium rheedei DC. Canthium umbellatum WIGHT is a synonym of Psydrax umbellata (Wight) Bridson

Species with description & pictures in Flowers of India as on 8.3.14:

Botanical name

Synonyms

Family

Common name

Canthium angustifolium	Dondisia leschenaultii, Canthium leschenaultii, Canthium trachystyle	Rubiaceae	Narrow Leaved Canthium
Canthium coromandelicum	Canthium parviflorum, Plectronia parviflora, Paederia valli-kara, Webera tetrandra	Rubiaceae	Coromandel Boxwood
Canthium diccocum is a synonym of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn.	Canthium didymum, Psydrax dicoccos	Rubiaceae	Ceylon Boxwood

Some species found in India with description & keys from Flora of China :
Canthium horridum Blume (Thickets at low elevations; near sea level to 500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [India, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam])

Species with distribution in annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal :
Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teijsm. & Binn.
Canthium parvifolium Roxb.

Flora of Eastern Ghats: Hill Ranges of South East India, Volume 3 By T. Pullaiah, K. Sri Ramamurthy (2007)-

Details with keys–

Canthium dicoccum (GAERTN.) TEIJSM. & BINN. Var. dicoccum (? Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Merr. is a synonym of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn.)

Canthium dicoccum var. umbellatum (Wight) Santapau & Merchantis a synonym of Psydrax umbellata (Wight) Bridson
Canthium parviflorum LAM. is a synonym of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston

Flora of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India (2000)- Details with keys–

Canthium dicoccum (GAERTN.) TEIJSM. & BINN. Var. dicoccum (? Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Merr. is a synonym of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn.)
Canthium parviflorum LAM. is a synonym of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston

Medicinal Plants in Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah (2002)- Details with illustration-
Canthium dicoccum (GAERTN.) TEIJSM. & BINN. Var. dicoccum (? Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Merr. is a synonym of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn.)

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Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details with keys–
Canthium dicoccum var. umbellatum (Wight) Santapau & Merchantis a synonym of Psydrax umbellata (Wight) Bridson
Canthium parviflorum LAM. is a synonym of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston

Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)-

Canthium didymum C.F.Gaertn.is a synonym of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn.

Canthium glabrum Blume

From Biotik :
Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teys. & Binn. (? Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Merr. is a synonym of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn.)
Canthium neilgherrense Wt.
Canthium travancoricum J.Hk.

Forest trees of South India: Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Andhra Pradesh and neighbouring states like Maharashtra by S. G. Neginhal, 2004 – Nature – 447 pages
…… Canthium ficiforme Hook. f. (Plectronia ficifonnis Gamble) (is a synonym of Psydrax ficiformis (Hook.f.) Bridson) South West India. …………

Canthium & Psydrax : 1 post by 1 author.

I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Canthium & Psydrax

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

If someone can provide complete list of Indian species with source references it will be wonderful.

Any comments/ corrections are welcome

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Canthium‎‎ (Rubiaceae) page with comparative images:
Pl. go through‎ Canthium‎‎ (Rubiaceae) page with comparative images of species in efloraofindia. On clicking the link of species, one can check the complete details. Genus pages generally give details of most of the species found in India.
I request you to pl. go through & point out mistakes, if any. I hope this will aid in identification in future. If anybody can send images of other species of this genus (for incorporation in the website), if any, or can identify unidentified images, it will be really nice. Pl. circulate it widely, for the benefit of all concerned.

Updated on December 24, 2024

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