Dendrobium

Dendrobium aduncum Lindl. (E. Himalaya to S. China and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)

Dendrobium amoenum Wall. ex Lindl. (Himalaya to Myanmar: Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Myanmar, Nepal, West Himalaya as per POWO)

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Dendrobium bicameratum Lindl. (Himalaya to China (Yunnan) and Central Thailand: Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, East Himalaya, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, West Himalaya as per POWO)

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Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. ? (Lesser Sunda Islands (Tanimbar Islands), S. New Guinea to Queensland (N. & W. Cape York Peninsula): Lesser Sunda Is., New Guinea, Queensland; Introduced into: Hawaii as per POWO)

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Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl. (Himalaya to S. China and Indo-China: Assam, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)

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Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. (Arunachal Pradesh to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China South-Central, East Himalaya, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)

Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton (Himalaya to China (S. Yunnan, SW. Guizhou) and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China South-Central, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)

Dendrobium crispum Dalzell (Central Himalaya to Thailand: East Himalaya, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand as per POWO)

Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. (Taiwan to Tropical Asia: Andaman Is., Borneo, Cambodia, Christmas I., India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam; Introduced into: Cuba, Fiji, Hawaii, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Trinidad-Tobago as per POWO)

Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. (Himalaya to Borneo: Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, East Himalaya, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)

Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl. (Central Himalaya to Hainan: Assam, Bangladesh, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam as per POWO)

Dendrobium denudans D.Don (Himalaya to N. Thailand: Assam, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, West Himalaya as per POWO)

Dendrobium devonianum Paxton (Bhutan to S. China: Assam, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam as per POWO)

Dendrobium eriiflorum Griff. (Himalaya to Indo-China, Jawa to Lesser Sunda Islands: Andaman Is., Assam, East Himalaya, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)

  

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Dendrobium farmeri Paxton (C. Himalaya to Pen. Malaysia : Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand as per POWO)

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Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. (Himalaya to S. China and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)

Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. (Himalaya to Temp. E. Asia: Assam, Bangladesh, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)

Dendrobium monticola P.F.Hunt & Summerh. (Himalaya to China (SW. Guangxi) and Indo-China: China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)

Dendrobium moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw. (Himalaya to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China South-Central, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)

Dendrobium nanum Hook.f. (S. India as per POWO)

Really useful information. Thanks for sharing. Your paper says
–”No epiphytic orchids including Dendrobium were found in Shorea – T. alata forests.”
In selected plot or this finding is for entire study area? May I know about the exact location in Jharkhand to which this statement is related?
Please correct me if I have interpreted it wrongly.

In continuation to previous mail.
It is really surprising to miss the names of Pterocarpus marsupium and Terminalia chebula like species in the paper.
Any comment?

Thanks a lot for the response.
Coming to your queries.
The study area was whole of Jharkhand We used Stratified Random Sampling. Stratification was done on the basis of presence of more than 10 orchids in the region and the habitat, i.e., sampling was done exclusively in those areas where we had more than 9 orchids.
1. In the present article I didnt talk about the vegetation composition of each of the 5 habitats.
2. When you do random sampling you are likely to miss species of orchids as well as host trees, as you can see out of 11 had only 7 species in the plots.
3. Pterocarpus marsupium was undoubtedly there, but I never found orchid in it, and I never found so much of it in the plot, i.e., it was not as dominant as other tree species to classify a habitat on its basis. Infact acording to my findings, orchids were present in the areas were sal is (w.r.t.) more than 9 orchids. How did I chose.9
orchids? I made some preliminary survey and found the most common ones which were around 9 in numbers.
4. On Terminalia chebula I did find some orchids, but no Dendrobiums and this tree was also not as dominant as the other counterparts in a habitat. Some Vanda tessellata, V. testaceae, Aerides multiflora, if I remember correctly I found on this.
4. Yes, I never found an epiphytic orchid in Shorea – terminala alata forests. This doesnt mean, that I didnt find epiphytic orchids on Shorea or T. alata (I did find them) but not in an area where these trees formed the major vegetation, in my area, may be because they were too dense.
5. When you do random sampling, you have to maintain the ramdomness otherwise you cant calculate the densities and abundance accurately.
6. To prove that, I used species area curve to check if my sampling effort was adequate, and frankly speaking in all the habitats yes the curve saturated much before my last plot.
I really appreciate posting your queries.

Thanks for detailed reply.
In early days of my surveys I were adopting random sampling technique as it was required to publish a paper. But later in villages I found that every native in village has different knowledge about herbs growing in surroundings then how random sampling can give accurate result? I started interacting each and every individual and still continuing it. It take many decades and many times entire life but it results in accurate as well as detailed information. Yes, you can not publish it in form of research papers. Who bothers as another option on online articles is there.
Pterocarpus and Teminalia chebula including other Terminalias are store house of orchid diversity (… can throw more light on it). I have found many species in visits of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. That’s why I was expecting it in your paper. I am sure that more surveys in the same area will result in new information. For time being this paper can be used as reference.
Local people play vital role in such surveys. Expecting that you have taken their services. May be not as I have not seen their names in acknowledgment. ;(
If possible please send the list of reported host trees of Dendrobium in India. If names of Pterocarpus, T.alata and T.chebula like trees are not there then lets start publishing new records by … and … from Efloraindia.

Thanks for your detailed reply once again. Hoping to post the pictures of Dendrobiums collected from many tree species including Pterocarpus and Terminalia sp. from Jharkhand few years back, in near future. I was on visit on request of Ranchi based non-governmental organization. They wanted to prepare a report on impact of mining on Orchid diversity. I was odd man for this work but based on superficial (?) knowledge I have done it for them. Also post pictures about my work on Niyamgiri orchids including Dendrobiums in Orissa.
There is no doubt that you are one of finest orchid experts of India and we are fortunate to have you in our group.
And …, I agree with your thoughts on development of new research methodology.

I would love to see this report of yours on Mining Impact on Orchid Diversity, if you can share.
There are distinct Orchid zones on trees, The one growing on the main trunk is ecologically different from the one growing on the terminal branches (twig epiphytes) hence it becomes tricky to understand if an
orchid grew by mistake of it really has a preference of the tree over other trees.
Orchids have seeds without endosperm and hence they need to make association with specialised fungi called mycorrhiza. Now these fungi are specific to the host like all other fungi. So where these fungi
are found, orchids can grow. But, once they have germinated, you put the plant on any tree it will grow. This gets more tricky… Orchids of Arunachal Pradesh has a picture of Orchid growing on….ELECTRIC/TELEPHONE POLE….now who will explain that to me….. Its fun when you see things which you cant explain…..orchids have
lot of such fun…

Yes it may be correct if any one sees it as rare case but occurrence of Dendrobiums on said species is not rare case. It was shocking to see the paper having no info on it. That’s why I reacted immediately But as …. said it may be due to standard error, it is not the author’s fault.
During the said visit I found insect species damaging Dendrobiums. I posted its picture to International experts but they asked for dead insects for correct identification. Due to laziness the samples are still with me. During visit on Shorea and other species mainly on orchids I observed heavy infestation of scale insects. The guides informed that this year infestation was at higher side. I searched the literature and based on it, in process of submitting a paper in journal. In short visit fortunately I got information about 30 formulations in which Dendrobiums are used. Hoping the Ethnobotanists from Jharkhand have reported it.
I am sorry as always if I am encroaching your territories i.e. Jharkhand as well as Orchids. 😉

Well explained, … Your knowledge on orchids is really amazing. You are a valuable asset not only for this group but for entire India espl in floristics field 🙂
Its really nice to see interactions between ‘Orchidopedia’ and ‘Oudhipedia’. I learnt many new things incl. habit & host preferences of orchids, and also ‘Horopathy’. Thanks …
Thanks also to … for raising questions which yielded a detailed explanation filled with information from …
In my area I have seen Vanda growing on rocks! Is it a lithophyte as well?