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Ilex

Ilex aquifolium L. (Cultivated) (Images by Aarti S Khale (Id by Varun Sharma) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton (Cultivated) (Images by Ramachandran (Id by Ushadi & Vijayasankar Raman) & Aarti S Khale (Id by Mahadeswara Swamy & Nick Macer) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Ilex denticulata Wall. (SW. India, Sri Lanka, China (S. Yunnan) as per POWO)

  
Ilex dipyrena Wall. (Images by Nidhan Singh (Validated by Narain Singh Chauhan) & Anil Thakur (Inserted by J.M.Garg))

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Ilex fragilis Hook. fil. (Central Himalaya to S. Central China and N. Indo-China: Assam, China South-Central, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam as per POWO)

    

Ilex godajam Colebr. (Central Himalaya to China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan) and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam as per POWO)
  

Ilex kingiana Cockerell
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Ilex odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (Himalaya to Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)
 

 

Ilex sikkimensis Kurz (Images by Nick Macer (Id by M K Pathak) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Ilex umbellulata (Wall.) Loes. ? (Images by Sourav Mahmud (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Ilex venulosa var. simplicifrons S. Y. Hu (Assam to China (SW. Yunnan): Assam, China South-Central as per POWO)
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As per Flora of India, Volume 5, Pp. 50 – 74 (2000) (D. Basu):
26 Species in India, 2 cultivated species:
S. No.

Binomial Name

 

Habit

 

Distrib. India

 

Global distrib.

 


1.        

 


Ilex crenata Thunb. var. thomsonii (Hk.f.)
Loes.

 


Ever green Shrub

 


Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalaya

 


Bhutan

 


2.        

 


Ilex
denticulata Wallich ex Wight

 


Ever green Tree

 


Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu

 


China, Sri Lanka

 


3.        

 


Ilex dipyrena Wallich

 


Ever green Tree

 


Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal
Pradesh

 


Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, Myanmar, North China

 


4.        

 


Ilex
embelioides Hook.f.

 


Tree

 


West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya

 


Bangladesh

 


5.        

 


Ilex excelsa (Wall.) Voigt

 


Ever green Tree

 


Manipur

 


China, Myanmar

 


6.        

 


Ilex fragilis Hook.f.

 


Deci duous shrub or tree

 


West Bengal, Sikkim, Meghalaya

 


Bhutan, Myanmar, China

 


7.        

 


Ilex
gardneriana Wight

 


Small tree or shrub

 


Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri Hills, Sisparaghat)

 


NA

 


8.        

 


Ilex georgei Comber

 


Ever green Tree

 


Manipur

 


China, Myanmar

 


9.        

 


Ilex godajam Colebr. ex Hook.f.

 


Ever green Tree/ shrub

 


West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Nagaland, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya

 


Bangladesh, Indo-china, China

 


10.    

 


Ilex hookeri King

 


Ever green Tree

 


Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling), Assam

 


China, Myanmar

 


11.    

 


Ilex insignis Hook.f.

 


Ever green Tree

 


West Bengal (Darjeeling), Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim

 


NA

 


12.    

 


Ilex intricata
Hook.f.

 


Ever green Shrub

 


West Bengal, Sikkim

 


Myanmar, China and Eastern Nepal

 


13.    

 


Ilex khasiana Purkayastha

 


Ever green Tree

 


Manipur, Meghalaya

 


NA

 


14.    

 


Ilex
longicaudata Comber

 


Ever green Tree

 


Nagaland

 


China

 


15.    

 


Ilex
malabarica Beddome

 


Tree

 


Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu. Endemic

 


NA

 


16.    

 


Ilex
nothofagifolia Kingdon-Ward

 


Ever green Tree

 


Assam

 


China, Myanmar

 


17.    

 


Ilex odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don  

 


Ever green Tree

 


Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya

 


Myanmar, Bangladesh

 


18.    

 


Ilex
pseudo-odorata Loes.

 


Ever green Tree

 


Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal
Pradesh

 


Nepal

 


19.    

 


Ilex
sikkimensis Kurz

 


Ever green Tree

 


Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur

 


Nepal, Bhutan, Southern Tibet, Western China

 


20.    

 


Ilex
tadiandamolensis Kesh. Murthy, Yogan. &
Vasud. Nair

 


Ever green Tree

 


Karnataka

 


NA

 


21.    

 


Ilex triflora Blume

 


Ever green shrub, small tree

 


Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh

 


Bangladesh, China, Indo-China, Java, Malaya,
Indonesia

 


22.    

 


Ilex
umbellulata (Wall.) Loes.

 


Ever green or deci duous Tree

 


Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands

 


Bangladesh, Myanmar, China

 


23.    

 


Ilex venulosa Hook.f.

 


Ever green Tree

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


Ilex venulosa Hook.f. var. simplicifrons
Hu

 


 

 


Assam

 


China

 


 

 


Ilex venulosa Hook.f. var. venulosa

 


 

 


Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh

 


Bangladesh

 


24.    

 


Ilex walkeri Wight & Gardner ex Thwaites

 


Small Tree

 


Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

 


Sri Lanka

 


25.    

 


Ilex wattii Loes.

 


Tree

 


Manipur

 


China (Yunnan)

 


26.    

 


Ilex wightiana
Wall. ex Wight

 


Tree

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


Ilex wightiana
Wall. ex Wight var. peninsularis Hook.f.

 


 

 


Tamil Nadu, Kerala. Endemic

 


NA

 


 

 


Ilex wightiana
Wall. ex Wight var. wightiana

 


 

 


Tamil Nadu, Kerala

 


Sri Lanka

 

CULTIVATED SPECIES:


S.
No.

Binomial Name

 


Habit

 


Native Distrib.

 


1.        

 


Ilex
aquifolium L.

 


Ever green Shrub or tree

 


China, Europe, Western Asia

 


2.        

 


Ilex opaca Aiton

 


Tree

 


America

 

BinomialHabitNotesRef.Distrib.
Ilex aquifolium L.Shrub or small
tree		Western Ghats,
Cultivated, Native of Eurasia		Flora of Tamil
Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		Dindigul
Ilex denticulata Wall ex WightSmall
tree or large shrub		Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Evergreen Forests  		Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957; Matthew, 1983		Coimbatore,
Kanniya kumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem
Ilex gardneriana WightSmall
tree or large shrub		Western
Ghats, Eergren Forests		Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		Nilgiri
Ilex malabarica Bedd.Large
tree		Western
Ghats, Moist Deciduous to Evergreen Forests		Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		Coimbatore,
Dindigul, Nilgiri
Ilex opaca Ait.TreeWestern
Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Temperate America		Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		Dindigul
Ilex walkeri Wight & Gard. ex Thw.Small
tree		Western
Ghats, Evergreen Forests		Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		Dindigul,
Nilgiri
Ilex wightiana Wall ex. WightLarge
tree		Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Evergreen Forests		Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		Coimbatore,
Madurai, Namakkal,  Nilgiri, Salem,
Tirunelveli

.

Botanical nameSynonymsFamilyCommon name
Ilex dipyrena  Ilex dentonii Aquifoliaceae  Himalayan Holly

.

From Biotik:
Ilex denticulata Wall.ex Wight
Ilex wightiana Wall.ex Wt.

.
Species with description & keys in Flora of Pakistan (Distribution):

Ilex dipyrena Wall. in Roxb. (The Himalayas from the Indus eastwards to Bhutan)
Ilex excelsa (Wall.) Hook. f. (The Himalayas, from Kashmir and eastward to Nepal & Bhutan)
.
Ilex dipyrena Wall. (Himalaya (Punjab to NEFA), N. Assam, N. Burma, W. China)
Ilex excelsa forma excelsa (Wall.) Hook. f. (Himalaya (Punjab to Bhutan), Khasia, ?Indo-China, W. China)
Ilex excelsa forma hypotricha (Loes.) H. Hara (E. Himalaya (Nepal, Bhutan), E. Bengal. W. China)
Ilex fragilis Hook. f. (Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), Assam, S. Tibet, N. Burma, W. China)
Ilex godajam Colebr. ex Hook. f. (E. Himalaya (Nepal, Sikkim), Assam, N. Indo-China, W. & S. China)
Ilex insignis Hook. f. (E. Himalaya (Nepal, Sikkim), W. China)
Ilex intricata Hook. f. (E. Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), S. Tibet, N. Burma, W. China)
Ilex odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (Himalaya (Nepal), Assam, ?Burma)
Ilex pseudodorata Loes. (Himalaya (Mussoorie to Nepal))
Ilex sikkimensis Kurz (E. Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), S. Tibet, Assam, W. China)
.
Ilex dipyrena Wallich in Roxburgh [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal]. 
Ilex excelsa var. excelsa [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal].
Ilex excelsa var. hypotricha (Loesener) S. Y. Hu [Bangladesh, Bhutan, N India, Nepal].
Ilex fragilis J. D. Hooker [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal].
Ilex georgei H. F. Comber [NE India, N Myanmar].
Ilex godajam (Colebrooke) J. D. Hooker [Bhutan, NE India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].
Ilex hookeri King [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar].  
Ilex intricata J. D. Hooker [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal].
Ilex nothofagifolia Kingdon Ward [N India, N Myanmar]. 
Ilex perryana S. Y. Hu  [NE India, N Myanmar].
Ilex sikkimensis Kurz [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, Nepal]. 
Ilex triflora var. triflora [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, N Vietnam].
Ilex umbellulata (Wallich) Loesener in Engler & Prantl [Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Ilex venulosa var. venulosa [Bangladesh, Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar].
Ilex wattii Loesener [NE India].
.
Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)- Details-
Ilex theifolia Hook.f. is a synonym of Ilex odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Ilex thomsonii Hook.f. is a synonym of Ilex crenata var. thomsonii (Hook.f.) Loes.
.
Ilex japonica Thunb. is a synonym of Mahonia japonica (Thunb.) DC.
.
An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys–
.
Ilex dipyrena …..
Ilex theifolia Hook.f. is a synonym of Ilex odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don …..

.

Ilex (‎Aquifoliaceae) : 2 posts by 1 author.

I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Ilex (Pl. click).

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

If someone can provide updated complete list of Indian species with source references it will be wonderful.
Any comments/ corrections are welcome.

Please find the attached file, Attachments (1)- Ilex_in_India.doc

Thanks a lot, … It’s really helpful. I have incorporated it at Ilex

.
Ilex (‎‎Aquifoliaceae) page with images of species in efloraofindia : 1 post by 1 author.
Pl. go through ‎Ilex (‎‎Aquifoliaceae) page with images of species (done by me) in efloraofindia.
If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, it will be really nice.
Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.

 

Updated on December 24, 2024

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