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Trapa natans L., Sp. Pl. 120 1753. (Syn: Trapa acornis Nakano; Trapa amurensis Flerow .; Trapa arcuata S.H. Li & Y.L. Chang; Trapa bicornis Osbeck …..; Trapa bispinosa var. iinumae Nakano; Trapa chinensis Lour.; Trapa cochinchinensis Lour.; Trapa dimorphocarpa Z.S. Diao; Trapa japonica var. jeholensis (Nakai) Kitag. ….; Trapa jeholensis Nakai; Trapa komarovii V.N. Vassil.; Trapa korshinskyi V.N. Vassil.; Trapa litwinowii V.N. Vassil. .; Trapa manshurica Flerow ..; Trapa natans var. amurensis (Flerow) Kom. …..; Trapa potaninii V.N. Vassil.; Trapa pseudoincisa Nakai …..; Trapa saissanica (Flerow) V.N. Vassil.; Trapa sibirica Flerow ..; Trapa taiwanensis Nakai; Trapa tranzschelii V.N. Vassil.; Trapa tuberculifera V.N. Vassil.; Tribulus aquaticus Garsault [Invalid]);
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water caltrop, water chestnut, buffalo nut, bat nut, devil pod, Singhara (सिंघाडा), Pani-fol (পানিফল);
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Attaching images of PANI-PHAL (in Bengali) = Trapa natans L. = Trapa bispinosa Roxb. = Trapa natans var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino = Trapa natans f. quadrispinosa (Roxb.) Makino = Trapa natans var. quadrispinosa (Roxb.) Makino.
Date & Place : 27/8/12, Baruipara (Hooghly) & 29/8/12, Kamarkundu (Hooghly)
earlier group posts :
Further to my recent post re: an aquatic plant at Thane, I am attaching 3 images I took during a wonderful shikara ride to view and photograph lotuses on my last visit to Kashmir. The ‘Water Chestnut’ is abundant, floating in Kashmir Lakes.
I will leave it to … to decide what ‘Accepted Name’ he adopts – there has been much difference of opinion about the taxonomic treatment and nomenclature of Trapa in Kashmir.
This aquatic, previously considered part of the Trapaceae family but now included within Lythraceae, has lax rosettes of triangular, coarsely toothed leaves floating on the surface, and with submerged leaf-stalks often with large inflated elliptic air-bladders. Flowers white, petals 4.
Fruits top-shaped, with 2-4 sharp horns.
I also have some images of Nymphoides peltata which show close-up detail not available from existing images on eFI which I intend to post shortly.
And Salvinia natans images worth adding to those already on eFI.
Water chestnut – efloraofindia | Google Groups : 13 posts by 7 authors. Attachments (4) Trapa natans Other small plants in water are some species of Spirodela. Thanks … for the ID and … Now it is not the fruiting season. I will send some photos when in fruit. yes it is the fruiting season now. They are on sale in market. Fruits are tasty :)). We call this Pani Fal in Bengali Are those snails on top of the leaves? Where do the fruit grow? Underwater? Have never seen these and thought they were only available abroad. (Have only had them in a Chinese restaurant.) Single fruits are borne on long underwater stalks. Fruits are on water surface or under water, floating. In warm climate (know of Delhi) we generally have larger fruited T. natans ssp. bispinosa. ssp. natans is common in Kashmir with smaller fruits. What would this one be? Last October while on a trip from Lucknow, our cab driver got boiled water chestnuts from roadside vendors. They were served with green chutney. From what he said in Hindi, I understood it to be the root. I haven’t seen them in Tamil Nadu. The fruits of Trapa natans ssp natans in Kashmir are generally sold boiled and peeled, with stalks removed. Those of ssp. bispinosa are often sold (in Delhi markets; same must be truw for Lucknow) along with stalks which are very stout. That could be reason for confusion.
to all my experts: seasons greetings Looks like Bihar or nearby west Bengal to me. I may be wrong though.
They have lot of plantation of Trapa natans there. Can we see Trapa natans plants or the fruits from these fileds… did you you take any pics of the plants and fruits… Ok… glad you like the rest of the info—- but you missed the questions I asked in the first sentence…. . Intresting vegetable spotted in Visakhapatnam: 2 high res. images.
this is pain phal, water chest nut Eleocharis dulcis
For me it is Trapa natans var. bispinosa You are right. It is paniphal, in my mistake I picked the other paniphal. Both are also water chestnuts in colloquial uses, I know that’s not an excuse, my mistake.
In Bengal we call it paniphal, and in Ayurvedic literature it is also called paniphal, used for gastric and other system inflammations.
Thanks , … for correcting the binomial….
It indeed is Trapa natan’s var. bispinsa.
1 high res. image. Is not this Trapa natans L., सिंघाड़ा ?? It is Trapa natans var. सिंघाड़ा, Here I attached boiled one, very delicious and healthy breakfast in winter
1 image. . References:
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Trapa natans
Updated on January 13, 2025