Momordica charantia L., Sp. Pl. 1009 1753.  (syn. Cucumis argyi H.Lév., Cucumis intermedius M.Roem.; Momordica chinensis Spreng.; Momordica elegans Salisb.; Momordica indica L.; Momordica muricata Willd.; Momordica operculata Vell.; Momordica sinensis Spreng.; Sicyos fauriei H. Lév.);
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mo-MOR-di-ka — from the word to bite, reference to the seeds which look bitten
char-AN-tee-a — a pre-Linnean name, used as the specific epithet of Momordica charantia .. Dave’s Botanary
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commonly known as: balsam pear, bitter gourd • Assamese: কেৰেলা karela • Bengali: করলা karala • Gujarati: કારેલું karelu • Hindi: करेला karela, कठिल्ल kathilla, परारु poraru • Kannada: ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ haagalakaayi • Kashmiri: करेल् karel • Konkani: काराते kaaraate • Lushai: chang-kha • Malayalam: കയ്‌പ്പ kayppa, പാവയ്ക്ക pavaykka • Manipuri: কারোন অখাবী karon akhabi • Marathi: आंबलें ambalem, कारली karali, कारेती kareti • Mizo: changkha • Nepalese: अमला amala, करेलो karelo • Oriya: changkha • Punjabi: ਕਰੇਲਾ karela • Sanskrit: कारवेल्लकः kaarvellakah, कटिल्लः kathillah, परारु paraaru, सुषवी sushavi, ऊर्ध्वासितः urdhvaasitah • Sindhi: ڪَريلو karelo • Tamil: இராசவள்ளி iraca-valli, பாகற்காய் pagakkai • Telugu: కాకర kakara • Tibetan: su sa ba • Tulu: ಕಂಚಲ kanchala • Urdu: کريلا karela
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Native to: tropics of Africa and Asia; naturalized and cultivated elsewhere
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Commonly cultivated vine with longer fruits reaching 25 cm in length, oblong-fusiform in shape, tubercled surface and red pulp when ripe.
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Edible use:
… unripe fruit (as VEGETABLE)
… generally consumed cooked in the green or early yellowing stage. The young shoots and leaves of the bitter melon are also be eaten as greens
… Wikipedia
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Momordica charantia— Tanay Bose:
Momordica charantia from my home garden in India


Momordica charantia from Delhi
Commonly cultivated as fruit vegetable, often grown on walls, fences or support.
Common English Names: bitter gourd, bitter melon, bitter-cucumber, carilla gourd, balsam-apple, balsam-pear
Hindi: Karela 

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fruits & vegetables :: NATIVE, CULTIVATED :: Cucurbitaceae » Momordica charantia:  Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, or gourd family) » Momordica charantia
Synonyms: Momordica muricata, Momordica zeylanica
mo-MOR-di-ka — from the word to bite, reference to the seeds which look bitten
char-AN-tee-a — a pre-Linnean name, used as the specific epithet of Momordica charantia
Native to: tropics of Africa and Asia; naturalized and cultivated elsewhere
Edible use:
… unripe fruit (as VEGETABLE)
… generally consumed cooked in the green or early yellowing stage. The young shoots and leaves of the bitter melon are also be eaten as greens
… Wikipedia
some facts:

… the original home of the species is not known, other than that it is a native of the tropics.
… there are many varieties that differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit.
Quoted from Wikipedia


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Karela (Bitter Gourd), Non-healing wound and Traditional Healing:  Forwarding two recent write-ups on Traditional Healing.
    Oudhia, Pankaj. Excerpts from Field Diaries of Biodiversity Expert-7:Karela (Bitter Gourd), Non-healing wound and Traditional Healing [Internet]. Version 2. Knol. 2011 Mar 18. Available from:
http://knol.google.com/k/excerpts-from-field-diaries-of… .
Oudhia, Pankaj. Excerpts from Field Diaries of Biodiversity Expert-8:Divine Herb Pueraria, Airi Kand and Traditional Healing [Internet]. Version 2. Knol. 2011 Mar 18. Available from:
http://knol.google.com/excerpts-from-field-diaries-of…


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Plant for ID 16/09/2011 SMP2:  A cucurbitaceae member for ID
It was interesting to note bracts(?) on a long pedicel
Date/Time- 15/09/2011
Location- Place, Altitude, GPS-  Pune City
Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- Wild
Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb-   Climber.
Height/Length-
Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size-  Palmately lobed Alternate. Tendrils present.
Inflorescence Type/ Size-  Axillary solitary
Flowers Size/ Colour/ Calyx/ Bracts- 3 sm Yellow Bract like leaf present on the long pedicel
Fruits Type/ Shape/ Size Seeds- Not observed


I think this is Momordica charantia. Kindly see the attached paper for confirmation.


Thanks for the link of the paper.
The key given considers the typeof bract which is important….
It does lead to the said ID of Momordica charantia
Karlaकार्ला the bitter vegetable.


The male flowers of Momordica charantia of Cucurbitaceae family.You
mention it as wild. Was it close to the habitation?  If so, I feel that this
could be a garden escape.

Yes … You are right. I mentioned it wild because it was growing in an open area in the city itself so nobody must have planted it. It must have sprouted from the seeds of thrown garbage which is not uncommon with many cucurbitaceae members.


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Cucurbitaceae Week :: Momordica charantia Pune:
Momordica charantia Pune
Karela


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Cucurbitaceae Week :: Momordica charantia at base villages of Prabalgad and Sarasgad: Momordica charantia L.
mo-MOR-di-ka — from the word to bite, reference to the seeds which look bitten
char-AN-tee-a — a pre-Linnean name, used as the specific epithet of Momordica charantia
.. Dave’s Botanary

Jan 28, 2012 … cultivated on Prabal Machi near Panvel, Maharashtra
commonly known as: balsam pear, bitter gourd • Assamese: কেৰেলা karela • Bengali: করলা karala • Gujarati: કારેલું karelu • Hindi: करेला karela, कठिल्ल kathilla, परारु poraru • Kannada: ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ haagalakaayi • Kashmiri: करेल् karel • Konkani: काराते kaaraate • Lushai: chang-kha • Malayalam: കയ്‌പ്പ kayppa, പാവയ്ക്ക pavaykka • Manipuri: কারোন অখাবী karon akhabi • Marathi: आंबलें ambalem, कारली karali, कारेती kareti • Mizo: changkha • Nepalese: अमला amala, करेलो karelo • Oriya: changkha • Punjabi: ਕਰੇਲਾ karela • Sanskrit: कारवेल्लकः kaarvellakah, कटिल्लः kathillah, परारु paraaru, सुषवी sushavi, ऊर्ध्वासितः urdhvaasitah • Sindhi: ڪَريلو karelo • Tamil: இராசவள்ளி iraca-valli, பாகற்காய் pagakkai • Telugu: కాకర kakara • Tibetan: su sa ba • Tulu: ಕಂಚಲ kanchala • Urdu: کريلا karela
Native to: tropics of Africa and Asia; naturalized and cultivated elsewhere
References: Flowers of IndiaWikipediaNPGS / GRINENVIS – FRLHTDDSA
more views: Jan 28, 2012 … cultivated on Prabal Machi near Panvel, Maharashtra
Sep 25, 2010 … at base village of Sarasgad fort, Maharashtra

In ancient Sanskrit Literature कठिल्ल is for करेली not करेला | करेला is कठिल्लक in Sanskrit.


Will be good to know what are करेली (kareli) AND करेला (karela) in English and Botany.
That will give me better idea of the difference.


In Traditional Healing of Chhattisgarh it is wild Karela, more effective than cultivated Karela specially in Treatment of Diabetes Type II.
Kareli is different type of Karela in Central India. There are many villages named as Kareli.
Lets wait for other members for their knowledge about Kareli.


what is pandipavel may be in Konkan language?


From Google search
http://www.springerlink.com/content/5254260l8195503r/


These names pavel OR pandi-pavel must be in Malabari OR Malayalam.
Will check out.


… to chha gaye ek dum :P….
Thanks for the link. Will try to get this article. Since long I am interested in knowing the origin of the species name charantia but its not in Species Plantarum or anything before it. I have checked Hortus Cliffortianus and Flora Zeylanica by Linne.


you can check this useful paper whenever you get time.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/371777412932324u/


Charantia is pre linnaeus name.
http://www.naturalpedia.com/charantia.html


Sorry but I couldn’t find any reference of this from pre-linnean era !!


चरन्ती, करन्ती, चरैन्ती – I am trying my Sanskrit name Database just as wild guess. Also written to my African friends to search this word in their ancient dialects. It is also based on wild guess.


Interesting!!!
See when you get down to scientific work you can show wonders!!


in my mother tongue (Konkani), we call it by name कारंतॅ karante (kA-run-tay) or कारतॅ karate (kA-ruh-tay) OR काराते kaaraate (kA-rAh-tay)
When compiled names from various sources, was surprised to have found only the Konkani name got closest to the epithet charantia.


Yes sir because it was originally described before Linne from Malabar by Van Rheede.


By the way, this also means how the pronunciation of the species name should be. Not charantia but karantia 🙂
Same as Orkid for Orchid.


Well said.
I am tempted to change the pronunciation from char-AN-tee-a TO kar-AN-tee-a !!


Latin doesnt have CH as in Chacha and G as in Jeeta instead it is pronounced as K as in Kaka and G as in Gadha :P.
So Chacha of LATIN should be pronounced as KAKA which actually means the same in Hindi….
Funny….


Vaah kya baat hai. Maja aa gaya. Thanks.

Back to
कठिल्लक or कठिल्ल … It seems that both Sanskrit words tell about some properties because these plants are also known as कठिल्लक or कठिल्ल
रक्त पुनर्नवा , गदहपूरना, सांठ and तुलसी
From other source
कारवेल्ल, कारवल्ली are Sanskrit names for Karela.
कारवेल्ली is name forकरेली

Momordica charantia is mentioned as Momordica karantia in few websites in internet. google search


And interestingly my missing keyboard alphabet j gets pronounced as i in Latin (Budleja and Budleia) and c always pronounced as s. By the way if Karela and kareli are two different plants, it would be interesting to know their names. My useful Plants of India (CSIR) lists both under Momordica charantia.

Our Group had a long discussion on plant uploaded by a member as Sweet Karela (a name commonly belonging to Momordica dioica) from NE India (Frequently sold in Dareeling, Sikkim, Nepal as Chuchchey Karela), which was finally identified as Cyclanthera pedata. Interestingly I found this plant grown and sold in California, also found it being sold in Manali (also as karela).
For many years in Kashmir I had known about a small karela being grown in villages. Last year I saw it in Kashmir also, being called as kareli (or chhota karela) by the owner of house. This plant was again Cyclanthera pedata.
The name Sechium edule often gets mentioned when talking about Karela, sold as Chayote squash in California, and sometimes simply squash in NE India. I will upload both soon.


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Cucurbitaceae week: Momordica sp. from Hooghly:
Found this species on roadside this (04-04-12) morning. I think it is Momordica charantia Descurt, Somehow a seed or two fell on the roadside and germinated under favourable conditions!
Species : Momordica sp. (likely to be Momordica charantia Descurt.)
Date : 04-04-2012, 10.20 a.m.
Place : Garalgacha (Hooghly), WB
ID help : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_melon

Yes …, Momordica chrantia, quite popular bitter vegetable, relished in various ways.

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Cucurbitaceae
Loc.: Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh (ca 550 m)
Date:April, 2007


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Cucurbitaceae Week :: Momordica charantia enroute Prabalgad:
This is one of my favorite.
Bot. name:
Momordica charantia



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Cucurbitaceae Week: Momordica charantia from Delhi:
Momordica charantia L., Sp. Pl. 1009. 1753.
Common names: Bitter gourd, karela
Commonly cultivated vine with longer fruits reaching 25 cm in length, oblong-fusiform in shape, tubercled surface and red pulp when ripe.
Photographed from Delhi


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I could capture only this much as was high up. could not get the top surface view of the leaves
Date/Time- Oct 2011
Location-Place, Altitude, GPS- Pune
Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- wild/garden I do not know it was growing along a compound wall of a society
Plant Habit-Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- Climber I may be wrong
Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size- green
Flowers Size/ Colour/ Calyx/ Bracts- yellow flower
Fruits Type/ Shape/ Size Seeds not seen


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SYMBIOSIS :99:
Here goes the 99th member os the series. In this image a Psyche butterfly is on the flower of BITTER GOURD.
This plant is scientifically known as Momordica charantia.
This is the famous vegetable KARELA.


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Cucurbitaceae member for id from Sirsa
shot from a Roadside area

Any fruits?


Sir they were very small at that time. Just at initial stage attaching a pic


A large bract near the middle or below in male flower suggests Momordica charantia. Looks like it is the wild form var. muricata.



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ARJUL27 Cucurbitaceae for ID : 7 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (7).

Bangalore
15th July


Momordica sp.


Momordicaspecies in India & eFloraofindia with details & some keys

I think it’s Momordica charantia


Yes, Sir, I agree.


Sir this is Momordica charantia.
I have got it verified elsewhere.


To me it is Momordica charantia.


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Momordica charantia : Cucurbitaceae : Mumbai : 16SEP14 : AK-15 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2).
This was photographed in the market in Mumbai on 18/8/14.

Was told it was a wild variety.
With much smaller fruit, approx 2 inches long.
Tender fruits, very tasty.
This is very close to … post from Morni Hills.
For correct id please.

Nice Pics … Regarding Momordica I observed some interesting things this year. I grow Karela 3-4 times in my kitchen garden this year from the seeds of many reputed seed companies, but every time i could get very very small fruits from all vines of karela. Still one is growing in my house. Also I have sown seeds for fourth time to see what will happen this time. This phenomenon was also reported by few other friends. Mystery is still not resolved. Perhaps the plants of fourth time seeds may give any clue. Will share pics of those soon
Your pictures appears to be real M. charantia


Thanks for the information. I had tried to grow them once, in my balcony. I got the usual longer fruits.
Good luck this time with the fruits.



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SYMBIOSIS : 694 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Attaching an image of a Common Grass Yellow butterfly on the flower of Momordica charantia (KARELA)

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SYMBIOSIS : 695 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
Attaching an image of a female Chocolate Albatross butterfly on the flower of Momordica charantia (KARELA).



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Momordica charantia-White Colored : Cucurbitaceae : For Validation : California : 19FEB15 : AK-22 : 6 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
Seen at the Farmer’s Market in Fremont during Sept,14.
For validation.

Yes, as per following links one of which is a Govt. site –

  1. http://eng.coa.gov.tw/content_view.php?catid=9436&hot_new=8846
  2. http://203.64.245.61/web_crops/cucurbits/bittergourd.pdf
  3. http://bittermelon.org/learn/diversity

Sources say they are hybrids. The question is who is the other parent? Answer perhaps is not available right now, for seed companies won’t disclose this rather recent variety.


I agree with the ID


Interspecific hybridization perhaps not successful. Intergeneric hybridization successful – Book link

Lots of varieties are there –

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SK453 26 MAR-2017:ID : 5 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
Location: Gurgaon, India
Date: 9 September 2013
Altitude: 750 ft.
Which Cucurbitaceae  …???  
It was shot on the pavement on the street. 

I think Luffa…..?


Pl. Check luffa images in efi.


May be Momordica charantia L. (as per images herein) as per comparative images at Momordica


Thank you all for ID !



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Re: Momordica species from Kurnool : 3 posts by 2 authors. 1 image.
This member of cucurbitaceae (May be a Momordica species) is found on road side in Kurnool district Andhra Pradesh.
Kindly identify

Pl. check


Leaves are not clear. May be Momordica charantia L.

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Momordica charantia L. : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (8)- around 700 kb each.

Location: Gyaneswor, Kathmandu
Date: 27 June 2019
Elevation: 1300 m.

Habitat : Cultivated
Nepali Name : तिते करेला Tite Karela/ करेला  Karela


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Goa, August 2021 :: Momordica charantia for validation :: ARK2021-120: 4 images.
This was clicked near Varca, South Goa in August 2021.
Guessing this to be Momordica charantia
Requested to please validate.


Yes.  One of the varieties.


Yes !


.


Have a look please Sir.: 1 very high res. image.
It is a climber 
Amroha Uttar Pradesh
Date 18 05 2022


Momordica ??


Yes, Appears to be Karela.


Yes Sir it karela but it is wild and 3- 4 cm long.


Must have escaped cultivation.
It is Momordica charantia


I guessed so, … Tried all options.


 

 


References:

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