Cynanchum

 

Images by Prashant Awale (Validation by Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (Images by Dinesh Valke (Id by Tabish & Umeshkumar Tiwari), Prashant Awale (Validation by Balkar Singh), Nidhan Singh (Validation by Gurcharan Singh) & Balkar Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight (Images by Satish Phadke (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight (Images by Balkar Singh & Dinesh Valke (Ids by Nidhan Singh, Tabish & Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum species in India:

  1. Cynanchum  acutum L. ssp. acutum
    and ssp. sibiricum (Willd.) Rech.f.
  2. C. alatum Wight & Arn.
  3. C. arnottianum Wight
  4. C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight
  5. C. callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight
  6. C. canescens (Willd.) K.Schum. [synonym of Vincetoxicum canescens
    (Willd.) Decne]
  7. C.corymbosum Wight
  8. C. dalhousiae Wight
  9. C. heydei Hook.f.
  10. C. jacquemontianum Decne.
  11. C. roylei Wight
  12. C. sarcomedium Meve & Leide
  13. C. triangulare M.G.Gilbert, W.D.Stevens & P.T.Li
  14. C. tunicatum (Retz.) Alston
  15. C. vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. [Synonym of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.]
  16. C. viminale (L.) L.
  17. C. wallichii Wight

References:

  1. Karthikeyan,
    S., Sanjappa, M. and Moorthy, S. 2009. Flowering Plants of India, Dicotyledons,
    vol-I (Acanthaceae- Avicenniaceae). Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. pp.
    165-66, 179.
  2. eFIpage

Taxonomic dissolution of Sarcostemma (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) by Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann- Kew Bulletin 12/2012; 67(4).

ABSTRACT : Since molecular analyses have demonstrated that Sarcostemma R. Br. is deeply nested in the predominantly Madagascan stem-succulent clade of Cynanchum L., the genus has been treated as a synonym of Cynanchum. Some of the former Sarcostemma species have been transferred to Cynanchum in the course of various Flora treatments, and some new species belonging to this radiation have been described under Cynanchum. The present contribution serves to complete the formal transfer of Sarcostemma taxa to Cynanchum, in which a total of nine species are concerned: Cynanchum arabicum, C. areysianum, C. brevipedicellatum, C. daltonii, C. forskaolianum, C. mulanjense, C. pearsonianum (a substitute name for Cynanchum pearsonii), C. sarcomedium (a substitute name for C. intermedium), and C. socotranum. In addition, six subspecies of Cynanchum viminale are newly combined: C. viminale subsp. australe, C. viminale subsp. brunonianum, C. viminale subsp. orangeanum, C. viminale subsp. stocksii, C. viminale subsp. thunbergii and C. viminale subsp. welwitschii. Finally, notes on recent introductions from southern Yemen are made, and illustrations of Cynanchum areysianum are provided.  
  • Cynanchum acutum Linn. (Pakistan (Gilgit, Hunza, Chitral); Kashmir; S.W. Asia, S.E. Russia to S. Europe, Egypt, Libya and Algeria)
  • Cynanchum auriculatum Royal ex Wight (Pakistan (Hazara, Murree), Kashmir, India (Simla, Kumaon), Nepal, Sikkim)
  • Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight.
    (Pakistan (Hazara); India (Simla to Kumaon))
  • Cynanchum heydei Hook. f.
    (Kashmir)
  • Cynanchum jacquemontianum Dcne. (Kashmir, Pakistan (Hazara, Swat))
  • Sarcostemma viminale subsp. stocksii (Hook. f.) Ali (Pakistan (Sind), India (Deccan, Poona, Gujrat and Dharwar)) = Cynanchum viminale subsp. stocksii
  • Sarcostemma viminale subsp. viminale (Tropical Africa, India (South India, Bengal), and Burma) = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi
    •  

    Species with distribution in annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal (Distribution):

    Cynanchum auriculatum Wight (Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), Assam, China)

    Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight (Himalaya (Simla to Nepal))

    Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arn. (Subtropical Himalaya (Nepal), India, Burma) = Sarcostemma viminale (Linn.) R. Br. = = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

     
    Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum (Willdenow) K. H. Rechinger [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan; SW Asia]
    Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].
    Cynanchum canescens (Willdenow) K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; SW Asia]
    Cynanchum corymbosum Wight [Cambodia, India, Laos, ?Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam]
    Cynanchum heydei J. D. Hooker [Kashmir, Pakistan].
    Sarcostemma acidum (Roxburgh) Voigt  [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam] = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi


























    Cynanchum
    alatum     Wight & Arn.    		 Twiner Western Ghats,
    Moist Deciduous Forests    		 Flora of Tamil
    Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Gamble 1957    		 Coimbatore,
    Dindigul, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli
    Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight
    & Arn.    		 Twining
    Shrub    		 Western
    Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests    		 Flora
    of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987    		 Coimbatore,
    Dindigul, Nilgiri, Salem, Theni
    Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston  Herbaceous
    Climber    		 Western
    Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests    		 Flora
    of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987    		 Coimbatore,
    Dindigul, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Namakkal, Nilgiri, Theni, Tirunelveli,
    Virudhunagar






































    Sarcostemma
    acidum     (Roxb.) Voigt = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi     		Shrub Dry Evergreen
    to Dry Deciduous Forests    		 Flora of Tamil
    Nadu, VOL. II, 1987    		 All districts Somamum
    Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn. = Sarcostemma viminale subsp. brunonianum (Wight & Arn.) P.I. Forst. = Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianum Shrub Western
    Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests    		 Flora
    of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987    		 Dindigul,
    Salem, Theni, Tiruchchirappalli, Tiruvannamalai    		 Perum
    Aattlaankodi
    Sarcostemma intermedium Decne = Cynanchum sarcomedium Meve & Liede Shrub Plains
    to Low Altitude, Dry Localities    		 Flora
    of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987    		 Coimbatore,
    Salem,  Thanjavur, Tiruchchirappalli,
    Tirunelveli, Viluppuram    		 Kodikalli
    Sarcostemma secamone (L.) Bennet Herb Plains
    to Low Altitude, Dry Localities    		 Flora
    of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987    		 All
    Districts    		 Oosippalai,
    Kalappalai

     

    Botanical name Synonyms Family Common name
    Cynanchum auriculatum Vincetoxicum auriculatum, Endotropis auriculata Asclepiadaceae Heart-Leaf Swallow-Wort
    Cynanchum dalhousiae Vincetoxicum dalhousiae Asclepiadaceae Dalhousie Swallow-Wort
    Cynanchum tunicatum Asclepias tunicata, Cynanchum pauciflorum, Periploca tunicata Asclepiadaceae Coated Swallow-Wort
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi Sarcostemma brevistigma Asclepiadaceae Leafless East-Indian Vine
    Sarcostemma viminale = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi Cynanchum viminale, Apocynum viminale, Sarcostemma aphyllum Asclepiadaceae Caustic Vine

    Encyclopaedia of World Medicinal Plants, Volume 1 By T. Pullaiah (2006)- Species in India- 
     
    An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys-
     
    Cynanchum pauciflorum R.Br. is a synonym of Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston

    Flora of Eastern Karnataka, Volume 1 By N. P. Singh (1988)-
    Flora of Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, Chintala Prabhakar, B. Ravi Prasad Rao (1998)- Details-
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details-

    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys-
    Flora of Ranga Reddi District Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, M. Silar Mohammed (2000)-
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    Flora of Eastern Karnataka, Volume 1 By N. P. Singh (1988)- Details with keys-
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    Pl. go through ‎Cynanchum (‎‎Apocynaceae) page with images of species (done by me) in efloraofindia.

    If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, it will be really nice.

    Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.

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