Cynanchum

Images by Prashant Awale (Validation by Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (Images by Dinesh Valke (Id by Tabish & Umeshkumar Tiwari), Prashant Awale (Validation by Balkar Singh), Nidhan Singh (Validation by Gurcharan Singh) & Balkar Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight (Images by Satish Phadke (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight (Images by Balkar Singh & Dinesh Valke (Ids by Nidhan Singh, Tabish & Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston (Images by Dinesh Valke, Anurag Sharma (Id by P. Santhan), A. Shivaprakash & Karuna Kanta Das (Id by Satish Phadke) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianum (Wight & Arn.) Meve & Liede ? (Images by Anurag N Sharma (Id help by Surajit Koley, A Sinha, Shrikant Ingalhalikar, Mahadeswara Swamy & N P Balakrishnan) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum viminale (L.) L. (SE. Kenya to NE. Tanzania, W. Indian Ocean, Pakistan to China (S. Guangdong) and Indo-China: Aldabra, Bangladesh, China Southeast, Comoros, Hainan, India, Kenya, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Réunion, Seychelles, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)

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Cynanchum species in India:

  1. Cynanchum  acutum L. ssp. acutumand ssp. sibiricum (Willd.) Rech.f.
  2. C. alatum Wight & Arn.
  3. C. arnottianum Wight
  4. C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight 
  5. C. callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight
  6. C. canescens (Willd.) K.Schum. [synonym of Vincetoxicum canescens (Willd.) Decne]
  7. C.corymbosum Wight
  8. C. dalhousiae Wight
  9. C. heydei Hook.f.
  10. C. jacquemontianum Decne.
  11. C. roylei Wight
  12. C. sarcomedium Meve & Leide
  13. C. triangulare M.G.Gilbert, W.D.Stevens & P.T.Li
  14. C. tunicatum (Retz.) Alston
  15. C. vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. [Synonym of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.]
  16. C. viminale (L.) L.
  17. C. wallichii Wight

References:

  1. Karthikeyan, S., Sanjappa, M. and Moorthy, S. 2009. Flowering Plants of India, Dicotyledons, vol-I (Acanthaceae- Avicenniaceae). Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. pp. 165-66, 179.
  2. eFIpage

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Taxonomic dissolution of Sarcostemma (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) by Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann- Kew Bulletin 12/2012; 67(4).
ABSTRACT : Since molecular analyses have demonstrated that Sarcostemma R. Br. is deeply nested in the predominantly Madagascan stem-succulent clade of Cynanchum L., the genus has been treated as a synonym of Cynanchum. Some of the former Sarcostemma species have been transferred to Cynanchum in the course of various Flora treatments, and some new species belonging to this radiation have been described under Cynanchum. The present contribution serves to complete the formal transfer of Sarcostemma taxa to Cynanchum, in which a total of nine species are concerned: Cynanchum arabicum, C. areysianum, C. brevipedicellatum, C. daltonii, C. forskaolianum, C. mulanjense, C. pearsonianum (a substitute name for Cynanchum pearsonii), C. sarcomedium (a substitute name for C. intermedium), and C. socotranum. In addition, six subspecies of Cynanchum viminale are newly combined: C. viminale subsp. australe, C. viminale subsp. brunonianum, C. viminale subsp. orangeanum, C. viminale subsp. stocksii, C. viminale subsp. thunbergii and C. viminale subsp. welwitschii. Finally, notes on recent introductions from southern Yemen are made, and illustrations of Cynanchum areysianum are provided.  

  • Cynanchum acutum Linn. (Pakistan (Gilgit, Hunza, Chitral); Kashmir; S.W. Asia, S.E. Russia to S. Europe, Egypt, Libya and Algeria)
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Species with distribution in annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal (Distribution):

Cynanchum auriculatum Wight (Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), Assam, China)

Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight (Himalaya (Simla to Nepal))

Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arn. (Subtropical Himalaya (Nepal), India, Burma) = Sarcostemma viminale (Linn.) R. Br. = = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

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Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum (Willdenow) K. H. Rechinger [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan; SW Asia]
Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].
Cynanchum canescens (Willdenow) K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; SW Asia]
Cynanchum corymbosum Wight [Cambodia, India, Laos, ?Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam]
Cynanchum heydei J. D. Hooker [Kashmir, Pakistan].
Sarcostemma acidum (Roxburgh) Voigt  [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam] = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

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Cynanchum alatum Wight & Arn. Twiner Western Ghats,
Moist Deciduous Forests		 Flora of Tamil
Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Gamble 1957		 Coimbatore,
Dindigul, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli
Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight
& Arn.		 Twining
Shrub		 Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987		 Coimbatore,
Dindigul, Nilgiri, Salem, Theni
Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston  Herbace ous
Climber		 Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987		 Coimbatore,
Dindigul, Kanniya kumari, Madurai, Namakkal, Nilgiri, Theni, Tirunelveli,
Virudhu nagar
Sarcostemma
acidum (Roxb.) Voigt = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi 		Shrub Dry Evergreen
to Dry Deciduous Forests		 Flora of Tamil
Nadu, VOL. II, 1987		 All districts
Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn. = Sarcostemma viminale subsp. brunonianum (Wight & Arn.) P.I. Forst. = Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianum Shrub Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987		 Dindigul,
Salem, Theni, Tiruchchira ppalli, Tiruvanna malai
Sarcostemma intermedium Decne = Cynanchum sarcomedium Meve & Liede Shrub Plains
to Low Altitude, Dry Localities		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987		 Coimbatore,
Salem,  Thanjavur, Tiruchchira ppalli,
Tirunelveli, Viluppuram
Sarcostemma secamone (L.) Bennet Herb Plains
to Low Altitude, Dry Localities		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987		 All
Districts

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Botanical name Synonyms Family Common name
Cynanchum auriculatum Vincetoxicum auriculatum, Endotropis auriculata Asclepiadaceae Heart-Leaf Swallow-Wort
Cynanchum dalhousiae Vincetoxicum dalhousiae Asclepiadaceae Dalhousie Swallow-Wort
Cynanchum tunicatum Asclepias tunicata, Cynanchum pauciflorum, Periploca tunicata Asclepiadaceae Coated Swallow-Wort
Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi Sarcostemma brevistigma Asclepiadaceae Leafless East-Indian Vine
Sarcostemma viminale = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi Cynanchum viminale, Apocynum viminale, Sarcostemma aphyllum Asclepiadaceae Caustic Vine
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Encyclopaedia of World Medicinal Plants, Volume 1 By T. Pullaiah (2006)- Species in India-
Cynanchum corymbosum Wight
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An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys-
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A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India, Volume 2 By George Watt (1883)- Details-
Cynanchum pauciflorum R.Br. is a synonym of Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston

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Flora of Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, Chintala Prabhakar, B. Ravi Prasad Rao (1998)- Details-
Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi
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Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details-
Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

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An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys-
Flora of Ranga Reddi District Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, M. Silar Mohammed (2000)-
Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi
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Flora of Eastern Karnataka, Volume 1 By N. P. Singh (1988)- Details with keys-
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‎Cynanchum (‎‎Apocynaceae) page with images of species in efloraofindia : 1 post by 1 author
Pl. go through ‎Cynanchum (‎‎Apocynaceae) page with images of species (done by me) in efloraofindia.

If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, it will be really nice.

Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.