Euonymus dichotomus B. Heyne ex Wall. (SW. India, Sri Lanka as per POWO)
                    


Euonymus echinatus Wall.

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Euonymus grandiflorus Wall. (Photos from USA)

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Images by N. Arun (Id by Narain Singh Chauhan & Anil Thakur), Nidhan Singh (Id by Anil Thakur), Ashwini Bhatia (validation by J.M.Garg) & Gurinder Goraya (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links)

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Euonymus theifolius Wall. (Himalaya to China (Yunnan): Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet, West Himalaya as per POWO)

  


 

Euonymus tingens Wall. 

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Euonymus vagans Wall. (China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Tibet, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar [Burma], Nepal, N-India (Darjeeling, Assam, West Bengal, Manipur, Meghalaya), Sikkim as per Catalogue of Life)

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An important document on Euonymus in India
(BSI Flora of India with keys and distribution) is:
Ramamuthy, K. 2000. Celastraceae. In: Singh,N.P., Vohra,J.N., Hajra,P.K. and Singh,D.K. (eds.) Flora of India Vol-5. BSI Calcutta, pp.75-37.

This document provides keys for identification, description, distribution and flowering and fruiting time of all the species of Euonymus recorded in India. As per this document Euonymus is represented by following 32 species in India:
1-Euonymus amygdalifolius, (India: Himalaya. Uttar Pradesh (Kumaon) and Sikkim; Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S.E. Tibet and China (Yunnan))
2-E.angulatus (India: Western Ghats, in Evergreen forests at ca 1600 m. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala) [status in Red Data Book of Indian Plants by Nayar & Sastry,( 1987)- Endangered],
3-E.assamicus (India: N. Assam (1700 m). Endemic) [status in Red Data Book of Indian Plants by Nayar & Sastry,( 1987)- Endangered],
4-E.attenuatus, (India : Eastern Himalaya, between 700 to 2000 m. West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya; Bangladesh)
5-E.bullatus, (India: East and North East India, 1000-1400 m. West Bengal, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Meghalaya; Bangladesh)
6-E.cinereus, (India: Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Bangladesh)
7-E.clivicolus var. rongchuensis, (Arunachal Pradesh; South East Tibet and China (Szechwan, Yunnan))
8-E.cochinchinensis, (India: In mangrove or inland forests. Andaman Islands; Thailand, Cambodia, China and Malesia)
9-E.cornutoides, (India : Temperate region, 2700-3000 m. Arunachal Pradesh; South East Tibet, China, (Yunnan) and Myanmar)
10-E.crenulatus, (India: Western Ghats, up to 2700 m. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala)
11-E.dichotomus, (India : Western Ghats, up to 1500 m. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala; Sri Lanka)
12-E.echinatus, (India: Temperate Himalaya, 1700-3300 m. Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Assam; Nepal and Bhutan)
13-E.fimbriatus
var.
fimbriatus (India: Himalayas, temperate to alpine region, 2000-4000 m. Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Sikkim; Afghanistan, Pakistan and China)
and
E.fimbriatus var. serratus, (India : Temperate western Himalaya, 2500-2800 m. Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh)
14-E.frigidus
     var. elongatus, (India: Temperate to alpine Eastern Himalaya, 2700-4000 m. West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur; Nepal and Bhutan)
     E.frigidus var. frigidus (India : Temperate to alpine Himalaya, Kumaon eastwards between 1400-4000 m. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya; Bhutan and Myanmar)
and
E.frigidus var. wardii, (India: Temperate region, 3000-3400 m. Arunachal Pradesh; Myanmar and China (Yunnan))
15-E.glaber, (India: On hill slopes at ca 700 m. West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Orissa; Bangladesh, Thailand and Malay Peninsula)
16-E.grandiflorus, (India: Temperate Himalaya, 1000-2000 m. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya; Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and China)
17-E.griffithii, (India: Arunachal Pradesh; Myanmar)
18-E.hamiltonianus, (India: Temperate Himalaya, 1700-2000 m. Jammu & Kashmir. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Meghalaya; Afghanistan, Pakistan, China and Japan)
19-E.indicus (diagram given), (India: Western Ghats as well as in Peninsula, at ca 1000 m. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andaman Islands)
20-E.javanicus, (India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands; Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Malesia)
21-E.kachinensis, (India: Arunachal Pradesh; Myanmar)
22-E.lawsonii, (India : 1300-1700 m. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya)
23-E.macrocarpus, (India: Sikkim; Bhutan)
24-E.paniculatus, (India: Tamil Nadu)
25-E.pendulus, (India: Temperate to alpine Himalaya, 2000-3000 m. Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and N. Assam; Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh)
26-E.pygmeus, (India: Temperate to alpine regions, 3300-3700 m. Arunachal Pradesh; China (Yunnan))
27-E.serratifolius (India : Western Ghats, 1000-1700 m. Tamil Nadu and Kerala) [status in Red Data Book of Indian Plants by Nayar & Sastry,( 1987)-Endangered or possibly Extinct],
28-E.theifolius,(India: Temperate Himalaya, 1300-2600 m. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Meghalaya; Nepal)
29-E.tibeticus, (Temperate to alpine E. Himalaya. Sikkim; South East Tibet)
30-E.tingens, (India: Temperate Himalaya, 2000-3300 m. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Meghalaya; China)
31-E.vagans 
var.
macrophyllus (India: Assam)
and
E.vagans var. vagans, (India: Temperate Eastern Himalaya, ca 1700 m. West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Manipur and Meghalaya; Nepal, S.E. Tibet and China)
32-E.viburnoides. (India: West Bengal, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh)

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Binomial Habit Notes Ref. Distrib.
Euonymus angulatus Wight Small tree Western Ghats,
Evergreen Forests
Flora of Tamil
Nadu, VOL. I, 1983
Coimbatore, Nilgiri
Euonymus barberi C. Murugan & V. S.
Manickam
Small
tree
Western
Ghats, Evergreen Forests, Endemic
C.
Murugan & V. S. Manickam
Ind. J. Forestry 29(2), 2006
Tirunelveli
Euonymus crenulatus Wall ex Wight &
Arn. 
Small
tree
Western
Ghats, Evergreen Forests
Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983
Dindigul,
Nilgiri, Kanniya kumari, Tirunelveli
Euonymus dichotomous Heyne ex Roxb. Small
tree
Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Evergreen Forests
Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957
Coimbatore,
Dindigul, Kanniya kumari,
Tiruchchira ppalli, Tirunelveli
Euonymus indicus Heyne ex Roxb. Small
tree
Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Evergreen Forests
Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983: Matthew, 1983
Dharmapuri,
Nilgiri, Salem, Theni, Tirunelveli 
Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Tree Western
Ghats, Cultivated, Native of East
Asiatic  Region
 Matthew 1999 Dindigul
Euonymus kanyakumariensis Murugan &
Manickam
Shrub/
small tree
Western
Ghats, Evergreen Forests, Endemic
C.
Murugan & V. S. Manickam
J. Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc.  – 102(2) 2005
Kanniya kumari
Euonymus paniculatus Wight ex Lawson Shrub Western
Ghats, Evergreen Forests
Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983
Tirunelveli
Euonymus serratifolius Bedd. Shrub Western
Ghats, Evergreen Forests
Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983
Nilgiri

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Botanical name Synonyms Family Common name
Euonymus echinatus Euonymus scandens, Euonymus cinereus, Euonymus trichocarpus Celastraceae Climbing Spindle Bush
Euonymus hamiltonianus Celastraceae Himalayan Spindle Tree
Euonymus japonicus   Celastraceae Japanese Spindle Tree
Euonymus lucidus Euonymus pendulus Celastraceae Frilly Flower Spindle Tree
Euonymus tingens Celastraceae Purple-Veined Spindle Tree

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Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2002)- Details-
Euonymus indicus


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Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)- Brief details with keys-
Euonymus bullatus Wall. ex Lodd
Euonymus macrocarpus Gamble ex Oliv.

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1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants edited by Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett
Euonymus angulatus Wight- E- Karnatak, Kerala & Tamilnadu
Euonymus assamicus Blakelock synonym of Euonymus frigidus Wall. – E- Assam
Euonymus bullatus Wall. ex Lodd – I- Assam & Meghalaya
Euonymus paniculatus Wight ex G.Lawson synonym of Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. ex Benth.-I-Tamilnadu
Euonymus serratifolius Bedd.- E/Ex- Tamilnadu

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Euonymus :

I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Euonymus

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other databases/ books.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

Any comments are welcome


I have added names of Euonymus species in India and threat staus of species, if any, based on BSI documents.