Marsdenia

Marsdenia formosana Masam. (S. Nansei-shoto to Taiwan, China (Yunnan): China South-Central, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan as per POWO)

Marsdenia jenkinsii Hook. fil. (Assam as per POWO)

Marsdenia lucida Edgew. ex Madden (Nepal, Bhutan, India (Himalayas, Upper Gangetic Plains) as per CoL)

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Marsdenia roylei Wight

(Images by Anil Thakur (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon (Images by R Gnanavel (Id by Vijayasankar Raman & C. Kunhikannan) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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BSI Flora of India Checklist Vol. 2 (Distribution):

Name Distribution
Marsdenia brunoniana Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Marsdenia calesiana Sikkim
Marsdenia eriocarpa Assam
Marsdenia griffithii Assam, Meghalaya
Marsdenia hamiltonii Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh
Marsdenia jenkinsii Assam
Marsdenia lactifera Assam, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu (syn. of Gymnema lactiferum (L.) R.Br. ex Schult. as per POWO)
Marsdenia lucida Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Marsdenia raziana Karnataka, Kerala
Marsdenia roylei Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand
Marsdenia tenacissima Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Marsdenia thyrsiflora Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal
Marsdenia tinctoria Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh
Marsdenia tirunelvelica Kerala, Tamil Nadu

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Gymnema species in India (Link & Distribution as per BSI Flora of India Vol. 2):

  1. Gymnema acuminatum Wall. (Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal)
  2. G. alterniflorum (Lour.) Merr. [synonym for Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.]
  3. G. cuspidatum (Thunb.) Kuntze (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra)
  4. G. elegans Wight & Arn. (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
  5. G. indicum (M.A.Rahman & Wilcock) Kartik. & Moorthy (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
  6. G. inodorum (Lour.) Decne. (Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
  7. G. khandalense Santapau syn. Gymnema latifolium Wall. ex Wight
  8. G. kollimalayanum A.Ramach. & M.B.Viswan. syn. Gymnema latifolium Wall. ex Wight
  9. G. lactiferum (L.) R.Br. ex Schult. (S. India and Assam to W. Malesia as per POWO)
  10. G. latifolium Wall. ex Wight (Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
  11. G. lushaiense M.A.Rahman & Wilcock (Assam, Mizoram)
  12. G. macranthum Hook.f. (Sikkim, West Bengal)
  13. G. mohanramii Karthik. & Moorthy (syn. of G. decaisneanum Wight (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal) as per POWO)
  14. G. montanum (Roxb.) Hook.f. (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
  15. G. sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult. (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)

References

  1. Karthikeyan, S., Sanjappa, M. and Moorthy, S. 2009. Flowering Plants of India, Dicotyledons, vol-I (Acanthaceae- Avicenniaceae). Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. pp. 170-171.
  2. eFI page
  3.  BSI Flora of India Vol. 2

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A new species of Gymnema (Asclepiadaceae) from the Kollihills in Peninsular India– Ramachandran A. & Viswanathan M. B. 2009. — A new species of Gymnema (Asclepiadaceae) from the Kollihills in Peninsular India. Adansonia, sér. 3, 31 (2): 407-411.
ABSTRACT A new species of Asclepiadaceae, Gymnema kollimalayanum A. Ramachandran & M.B. Viswan., sp. nov. is described here from the Kollihills in the Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India. This species is allied to G. hirsutum Wight & Arn. by habit, woody stems, milky latex, umbellate cymose inflorescence, 5-merous flowers, calyx, corolla, anthers, follicles and comose seeds but differs by size and shape of leaves being elliptic or elliptic-rotund, subtruncate at base, abruptly acute at apex, longer petioles, arrangement of flowers, longer pedicels, shape and size of calyx, corolla, larger size of follicles, seeds and coma.

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Binomial Habit Notes Ref. Distrib.
Gymnema
alterniflorum
(Lour.) Merr.
[syn. for
Gymnema
sylvestre
(Retz.) Schult.]		 Climber Western Ghats, Deciduous Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 Madurai
Gymnema
elegans
Wight & Arn.		 Climber Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Gamble 1957 Salem, Tirunelveli
Gymnema
hirsutum
Wight & Arn.
(syn. of G.
decaisneanum
Wight as per
POWO)		 Climber Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Theni
Gymnema lactiferum
(L.) R. Br.
ex. Schult.
syn. for
Marsdenia
lactifera
(L.) I. M.
Turner		 Straggler Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests Matthew, 1999 Dindigul
Gymnema montanum
(Roxb.) Hook.f.
var. beddomei Hook.f.		 Creeper Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests Gamble, 1957 Coimbatore
Gymnema montanum
(Roxb.)
Hook.f. var. montanum		 Creeper Western Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Theni
Gymnema montanum
(Roxb.)
Hook.f. var.
pubiflora
Hook.f. syn.
for Gymnema indicum
(M. A. Rahman
& Wilcock)
Karthik. &
Moorthy		 Creeper Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Hook.f. 1883 Nilgiri
Gymnema
sylvestre
(Retz.) R.Br.
ex Schultes		 Climber Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 All districts
Gymnema
tingens
(Roxb.)
Wight & Arn.
(syn. of
Gymnema inodorum
(Lour.) Decne.
as per
POWO)		 Climber Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 Coimbatore

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Botanical name Family Common name
Gymnema sylvestre Asclepiadaceae Gurmar

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Species with distribution in annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal (Distribution):
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult. (Nepal (W); China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Africa)
Gymnema tingens (Roxb.) Spreng. (Subtropical Himalaya (Kumaun to Sikkim), Assam, W. & S. China) (syn. of Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. as per POWO)

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Gymnema inodorum (Loureiro) Decaisne in A. de Candolle [India, Nepal, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam] 
Gymnema latifolium Wallich ex Wight [India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]
Gymnema sylvestre (Retzius) Schultes in Roemer & Schultes  [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Africa]

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Antidiabetic Plants in India and Herbal Based Antidiabetic Research By T. Pullaiah, K. Chandrasekhar Naidu (2003)- Details-
Gymnema sylvestre

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Indigenous Drugs Of India By Chopra R N, I.C. Chopra (1933)- Details-
Gymnema sylvestre

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1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants By Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett, World Conservation Monitoring Centre-

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Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema tingens (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (syn. of Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. as per POWO)

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Encyclopaedia of World Medicinal Plants, Volume 1 By T. Pullaiah (2006)- Details-

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An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys–

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Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details-
Gymnema sylvestre

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Flora of Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, Chintala Prabhakar, B. Ravi Prasad Rao (1998)- Details-
Gymnema sylvestre

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Gymnema hirsutum Wight & Arn. (syn. of G. decaisneanum Wight as per POWO)
Gymnema pergularioides (Thwaites) Hook.f. synonym for Gymnema cuspidatum (Thunb.) Kuntze
Gymnema thomsonii Hook.f. synonym for Gongronema thomsonii (Hook. fil.) K. M. Matthew
Gymnema tingens (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (syn. of Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. as per POWO)

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Pl. go through ‎Marsdenia page (‎‎‎Apocynaceae) with images of species in efloraofindia (done by me).

If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know.
If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), it will be really nice. Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.