Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb., in Fl. China 11: 127 2008. (Syn: Alliaria gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Kuntze; Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook. fil. ex Bedd.; Dysoxylum cupuliforme Li; Dysoxylum grandifolium Li; Dysoxylum macrocarpum Thw.; Dysoxylum reticulatum King; Epicharis exarillata Arn. ex Wight & Arn.; Epicharis gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) M. Roem.; Guarea binectarifera Roxb.; Guarea gotadhora Buch.-Ham.);
.
India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Goa, Daman & Diu, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala), Sri Lanka, Myanmar [Burma] (Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing), Nepal, China (Hainan, Yunnan), Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl.), Bhutan, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam as per Catalogue of Life;
.

/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_4699%20-%20seedling.JPG
matheran tree for id: Please help identify this large tree seen today in evergreen forest at Matheran.
No flowers or fruit at present. Many seedlings around 2 parent trees. Nos of leaflets variable from approx 5 to 9. Rachis angled: flat on top and curved below. Young parts very slightly puberulous. Mature leaves semi coriaceous.
This species is very rare at Matheran.
Could this be Dysoxylum binectariferum, Meliaceae?


Yes, this is Dysoxylum binectariferum


 /wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binectariferum%20-4-.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binectariferum%20-3-.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binectariferum%20-2-.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binectariferum%20-1-.JPG
This huge tree was shot from Botanical Garden of Forest Research Institute, Dehradun…
was labelled as Dysoxylum binectariferum, Meliaceae
infact as D. bimectiferum, with a spelling (m)istake…
Please validate the upload..

Yes. It is correct ID, now D. gotadhora.



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binectariferum-D.%20malabaricum-White%20Cedar-Kanti%20Yerundi%20leaves.jpg
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binestariferum-D.%20malabaricum-White%20Cedar-Kanti%20Yerundi.jpg

Dysoxylum binectariferum: Dysoxylum binectariferum, a Meliaceae tree seems rare in western Maharashtra. I have not seen this tree so far. Requesting members who have seen this tree in western Maharashtra to please guide me on its location. This tree is expected to be flowering in the next few weeks. Thanking in anticipation


Long back i have posted unidentified plant which i have clicked from Matheran ..on eflora i got id as Dysoxylum binectariferum, but still i am not satisfied …if the Id get confirm then … can click picture in Matheran…its self…since its common there…


The thread … was talking about is this one:
Other threads which hints at Dysoxylum binectariferum can be seen at:

I am also not satisfied with the id D. binectariferum.
… may help as to conclude with a correct id.


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binectariferum-D.%20malabaricum-White%20Cedar-Kanti%20Yerundi%20leaves-5.jpg /wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binestariferum-D.%20malabaricum-White%20Cedar-Kanti%20Yerundi-8.jpg

Have a sapling of this on my property at Shahapur. Sending a few photographs.


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/D.binectariferum-800.jpg
I think this sapling is very likely to be D.binectariferum. The only other possibility is that it could be Aglaia lawii (=Amoora lawii). Dysoxylum leaf rachis is 3 angled while A.lawii had domatia in the axils of the secondary nerves. I understand that this plant is too young but it would be nice if someone can still try and verify these characters. A close up of leaf rachis and underside of leaflet may prove conclusive.
Attaching my picture of D. binectariferum leaf

/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20binectariferum.jpg

Thank you for your comments. Also have saplings of Aglaia lawii [Amoora lawii locally called Telya] on my property at Shahapur from which this sapling is obviously distinct. Will take some photographs of them later and send them for comparison.
Had earlier posted a photograph of Dysoxylum binectariferum taken at Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Am sending it again.


Am sending photographs of Aglaia lawii for comparison as promised in a separate mail.


.


Information on some trees:

I will be obliged to know accessible locations where the following trees could be seen in flowers.
1. Corypha umbraculifera
2. Dysoxylum binectariferum
3 Chrysophyllum roxburghianum
4. Mastixia arborea

A few days back I have posted what I suspect to be Dysoxylum binectariferum from Matheran, but there was no confirmation of the id. There are a few trees, not yet flowering and I am watching them. Could let you know when I see it happening.
If you are interested I can send you an email


The following efi site links may be useful:


I am looking forward to photograph these trees in flowers, so confirmed ID, mature flowering stage and accessibility is needed. I have searched on eflora hence putting up a fresh request.


.

QUERY :: etymology of gotadhora:
Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Hiern … is put as synonym of … Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb. in GRIN and The Plants List.
Would like to know etymology of gotadhora.


Here is the protologue if you can find something interesting out of it. Its a word from local dialect I think


Thank you … – BUT I was not able to find any instance of gotadhora – either I am overseeing it OR this is not the protologue.


Please check the image. The name is there twice, rest of the things are in latin. Thats why I said, it must be a local dialect, may be BENGALI!! as it says, BARA GOTADHORA BENGALENSIUM


Yes indeed … – I can see it now. Thank you very much.
Re-putting the link here to go directly on the page: Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society – Volume 6 – Page 307
Dear Bengali-knowing friends, please help in knowing whether bara gotadhora makes sense in Bangla, it must be in fact the name of the plant Guarea gotadhora Buch.-Ham. … basionym of Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb. – its synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook. f. … is more popular.


There are some shining plastics using in sari, they are called GOTA in Bengali, usually circular, rounded or spherical.


Many thanks …
… and DHORA, perhaps is related to thread.
BARA ¿ = ? big
GOTA ¿ = ? circular, rounded or spherical
DHORA ¿ = ? thread

no … Gota menas whole, entire in Bangla
Gota that are used in saris is a marwari word

PS I am still looking in old dictionaries… new ones donot mention this word “GOTADHARA”
ethnic books from rural bengal (in my Limited library at home) has not yielded anything for the last three days..
I think I’ll call some of my old professors and see what they can teach me new and I’ll pass it on to you…
Unless some our professor members who are bengali come up with the meaning in the meantime.


Yes, that is true. But I was correct too.
You know the KANCHA, GOLI or in english they call it MARBLES. That is also called GOTA.


One of my friends said that DHORA can also mean “to hold”, PAKARNA !!


Hopefully, now expecting to get the words BARA GOTADHORA in native script from Bangla-knowing friends.


in Bangla script it is : বড গোটাধরা



 /wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSCN0965%20-%20Copy.JPG

Request for fruit ID – 280412SC1: Posting a photo for Id of fruit

Date/Time – 16.04.2012 / 10.00 a.m.
Location – Place – Gibbon Sanctuary, Eastern Assam
Habitat – Garden/ Urban/ Wild / Type – Wild

Sorry for the location lapse. This one is from Kaziranga National Park.


This looks like Dysoxylum to me.


Is it Dysoxylum binectariferum ? The foliage too resembles.


I am not sure…Pl wait for more comments!



/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/specimen%20for%20ID.JPG

plant ID please:
place : haldwani, uttaranchal

height: about 20-25 feet
Crown shape: Globular pyramid
leaves 15-20 cms, margins slightly undulating, elongated like the Ashoka tree’s leaf, firm to tough with a comapratively smoother dorsal side
fruit size and shape: a fist sized guava like, with four tomato like grooves on it. yellow when i found it, and am told it turns orange when ripe
It had four seeds, and they are covered with a thick coat. I removed the coat to reveal green cotyledons which were the size of grapes.

No idea at all about it’s flower.

This is most probably Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex C.DC. of Meliaceae family.


Looks like Dysoxylum binectariferum


Identified as Dysoxylum species as per another thread


 /wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC08151.JPG/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DSC08154-4.JPG
MS April, 2016/17 Tree for ID : 6 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (2)

Location : Lungkulh, Mizoram
Date : 13/04/2016
Habit : Medium-sized tree
Habitat : Wild


This is a species of Dysoxylum.


could this be d. gotadhara or gotadhora… bhutan flora may be a lead. but flora of china says seeds would be red these seem to be black or deep purple…  so … answer would be more like it
and … you will have your work cut out for you…

Dysoxylum species in eFloraofindia (with details/ keys from published papers/ regional floras/ FRLHT/ FOI/ Biotik/ efloras/ books etc., where ever available on net) 


I think this is Dysoxylum species. (meliaceae)


To me also appear similar to images at Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb.


Probably D. gotadhora, because of : capsule 4-celled, pale yellow turning orange; seeds large, yellow hilum and white aril..
Other differentiating characters are not very well seen in the photos


.

MS,Jan.,2021/13 Dysoxylum sp. ? for id: 2 images.
Location : Lungkulh, Mizoram

Altitude : 330 m.
Date : 13-04-2016
Habit : Tree
Habitat : Wild

Dysoxylum gotadhora as per images and details herein.


Difference may be due to ripe and unripe fruits.


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/c-gA4yQIXD1kgM4b-mMARVWKcIwayz1JPAvvoOeBxpkX6RXwh3K5Vd2YK_wwCPpZfnIxssmgd-rT1YietAhJytN-hD7pfb-U0KLLz8scS4sV-A-w5000-h5000.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/9JLVU8dDX2Zp-_ICFqRB-VH2qK371NsNcQsjpjSv__GL7nYx5lSDarBRk80HYmCYK9u9QrVsLaIy73x9Th56xP14RIUv1t8qSFOS5N_vOKjFvQ-w5000-h5000.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/pagPoSWgfEJrMa4KkcUDUmeuiyhQY7nJb0-VXddUg17iq-MagSnq17ENAGkjufIafbNhLLavfX_a5rc1z5VxV4PrX8-QyRv5-Nj4H2YoIUykrg-w5000-h5000.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/3ZWaaBUtuguBMv5MwHMmcJcBi8Scb8Azn1r3QbT2Lu-q6E5iqCsVpyQidZy3oUsxwHHg6f9FqhNL0-xEaOJ9A8r_pJtsXZmvqBnw6RK771f4Ww-w5000-h5000.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/EGk7SEgrtScyOB-WTw-sXGIU2Vgf4bz1bPernZCwBvEK_esn1_QZmFsrBKDVcCVFeB5DgdOchNMKUxf1M2b89CqRLfS36hAsJhJX10MfhSMe8Q-w5000-h5000.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ExuJADW0kxDRzZVSMrYf8rXvaOBkm1rsXZJa9gwbj6OJp6kj7E62OVqvTkv6yzCbHayEfl0u9NHJSXJ9rEPlfAlqkauVWY1JtsRSn9FMFgq-6w-w5000-h5000.jpg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ZnRYwAiFEVJgLB9gk8mSExcQeBuGVjuy3P1WS8IRrsYgTUiRkn35V0VDGqoohZq6uzTaUTG95b3Bce4QM7WItIdTFaSqEXOB166fbVCCTmaOZQ-w5000-h5000.jpg

Dysoxylum gotadhora :: Matheran :: Nov – Dec, 2012 : 2 posts by 2 authors. 10 images.
Matheran … about 2600 ft asl

Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb. … (family: Meliaceae)
on December 8, 2012
on November 1, 2012

 



MS, Jan.,2021/03 Dysoxylum sp. ? for ID.: 2 images- 1 high resolution.
Location : Sairep, Mizoram

Date : 09-06-2016
Habit : Medium-sized tree
Habitat : Wild

Thanks, …, What are the species reported from your area?


Dysoxylum binectariferum, D.gobarum, D.microbotrys, D.pallens, D.racemosum var.racemosum and D.rugulosum are recorded in Mizoram


Any keys, …


2 attachments


I think Dysoxylum gotadhora as per images and details herein and as per keys given by you. 


/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20sp%20-2--9.JPG
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20sp-5.JPG
/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dysoxylum%20sp.-Thingsen-.JPG
MS June, 2016/08 Dysoxylum sp. for ID : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3)

Location : Sairep, Mizoram
Date : 09-06-2016
Habit : Middle sized tree
Habitat : Wild
Note : Wood red, used for house post.


Dysoxylum species in eFloraofindia (with details/ keys from published papers/ regional floras/ FRLHT/ FOI/ Biotik/ efloras/ books etc., where ever available)


This may be D. mollissimum (=D. alliarum) because: leaflets 6-16, capsules <4 cm across; 4-celled, pale yellow (or white). Seeds should have RED aril (Please check not visible in the photos here)


D.mollissimum has scale-like bark, but this has no


Pl. also check with images/ illustrations of this species at

.


Nepali name(s) of Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb. … popular synonym: Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd.:
Please provide Nepali name(s) if any, of Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb. … popular synonym: Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd.


No Nepali names.


.


Names of Plants in India :: Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb.:
Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb.

dis-oh-ZY-lum — Greek: dys (bad) and xylon (wood) … Dave’s Botanary
¿ go-ta-DHO-rah ? — Bengali name of the plant … Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society

commonly known as: cup-calyxed white cedar • Assamese: বান্দৰ ডিমা bandor dima • Bengali: বড গোটাধরা bara gotadhora • Garo: bol-narang, masispel • Kachari: bon-dau-iung, rata • Kannada: ಅಗಿಲ್ agil, ಕಾಡು ಗಂಧ kadu gandha • Karbi: khrang-kelok-arong • Konkani: एरंड erand, यरंडी yerandi • Malayalam: അകില്‍ akil • Marathi: देवदारू devadaru, येरिंडी yerindi • Mech: dingari-guphut, dingi-bomphang • Miri: galing-asing • Mizo: saha-ṭah • Naga: herenthak-chi-ching • Sylheti: hota-rata • Tamil: அகுணியகில் akuniyakil, செம்பில் cempil • Tippera: kaksok

botanical namesDysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb. … homotypic synonymsGuarea gotadhora Buch.-Ham. … heterotypic synonymsDysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. • Dysoxylum binectarifolium C.DC. • Guarea binectarifera Roxb. … and many more listed at POWO

Bibliography / etymology

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
cup-calyxed white cedar
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~
বান্দৰ ডিমা bandor dima
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … many thanks to Ranjan Hazarika for help with this name … facebook
  • Many thanks to Monoj Nath for help with this name … facebook
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
বড গোটাধরা bara gotadhora
¿ লস্সুনি ? lassuni
  • The Useful Plants of India by NISCAIR
  • not sure of the name put in Bengali script – লস্সুনি – needs validation
~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~
bol-narang, masispel
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das
~~~~~ KACHARI ~~~~~
bon-dau-iung, rata
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
ಅಗಿಲ್ agil
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Alar – an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Mandayam Digital Library – Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar
  • or ಅಗಿಲು agilu … for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … ENVIS – FRLHT
ಕಾಡು ಗಂಧ kadu gandha
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Alar – an authoritative Kannada-English dictionary corpus created by V. Krishna
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Mandayam Digital Library – Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar
~~~~~ KARBI (also known as Mikir or Arleng) ~~~~~
khrang-kelok-arong
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das … or simply khrang
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
एरंड erand, यरंडी yerandi
~~~~~ KUKI ~~~~~
kakso-kehal
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
അകില്‍ akil
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
देवदारू devadaru
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Talbot Trees Bombay
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … vikaspedia
येरिंडी yerindi
~~~~~ MECH (an ethnic group found in West Bengal and Assam in India, and in Nepal) ~~~~~
dingari-guphut, dingi-bomphang
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das … or just dingari
  • Many thanks to Manab Pratim Sarma for help with knowing about this ethic tribe … facebook
~~~~~ MIRI (or Mising, also known as Plains Miri) ~~~~~
galing-asing
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das
~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~
saha-ṭah
~~~~~ NAGA ~~~~~
herenthak-chi-ching
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das
~~~~~ SYLHETI ~~~~~
hota-rata
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
அகுணியகில் akuniyakil
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … ENVIS – FRLHT
  • for the popular descriptive name cup-calyxed white cedar … Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
செம்பில் cempil
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
~~~~~ TIPPERA (spoken in Tripura) ~~~~~
kaksok
  • for synonym Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd. … Flora of Assam Vol I (Part II) by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das
~~~~~ x ~~~~~

Wonderful. Where did you photograph ? I tried several places in Shimoga long back. But I could not locate.
This is a threatened species and i understand the Forest department is taking steps to cultivate them  in their nurseries in Western Ghat area ???
One of the priced woods as the timber wood has a smell of almost like Sandal wood.


 


.

References: