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Impatiens tricornis Lindl., Bot. Mag. , pl. 9 1840. (syn: I. cristata auct. non Wall.; I. praetermissa Hook.f.; I. scabrida auct. non DC.) as per efi thread and Studies of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal 3. Impatiens scabrida and Allied Species;
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im-PAY-shuns — impatient; referring to the seed pod’s habit of bursting open … Dave’s Botanary TRY-korn-iss — three horns … Dave’s Botanary . commonly known as: scabby balsam, three horned balsam • Hindi: बाल्सम balsam, बनतिल bantil, रिंडलिया rindliya, तिल्लुआ tillua • Nepali: अरेली areli, तिउरी झार tiuri jhar . Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. : 3 posts by 2 authors.
There’s correction required in Impatiens scabrida page.
Actually what we have long treated as Impatiens scabrida DC. is actually Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Impatiens scabrida DC. type specimen is characterised by having navicular lower sepal and a long straight downwardly curved spur.
While Impatiens tricornis is characterised by having bucciniform to funnel-shaped lower sepal abruptly constricted into the spur, which we can see in our Impatiens scabrida page images. So the Impatiens sp. that we earlier know as Impatiens scabrida is actually Impatiens tricornis.
For details please check ‘Studies of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal 3. Impatiens scabrida and Allied Species’ Shinobu Akiyama and Hideaki Ohba
Here’s the link of publication
Thanks, …, I will do the needful pl., in due course.
Keys to distinguish between Impatiens tricornis Lindl. and Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. f. : 7 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (3) The darker yellow color form of Impatiens tricornis can be/is confused with Impatiens edgeworthii because of near similar yellow color but the key differences between the two species are –
1) In I. edgeworthii upper lobes of lateral united petals are prolonged and obliquely upwards while in I. tricornis these are much broader and never curves upward.
2) In I. edgeworthii lower sepal is infundibuliform, gradually narrowed into a long recurved spur while in I.tricornis it is bucciniform to funnel-shaped and abruptly constricted into the spur.
3) The flower of I. edgeworthii is streaked red in the throat including upper lobe and half lower lobe of lateral united petal while in I. tricornis it is never streaked red though some rusty spots occur in the throat.
4) I. edgeworthii is glabrous including its capsules while I.tricornis is much hairy (pubescent) in nature though in lower altitude its less hairy form with much white flower also occurs but capsule remains puberulent in that also.
Please see the attached images for clearing differences …
Note – Most(not all) of the Impatiens scabrida DC. that we know earlier is actually Impatiens tricornis Lindl. characterised by its bucciniform to funnel-shaped lower sepal abruptly constricted into the spur while in true I. scabrida DC. lower sepal is navicular and tapers into a spur. That means I.scrabida and I edgeworthii are syn of I.tricornis, is it ? No … Impatiens scabrida DC., Impatiens tricornis Lindl. and Impatiens edgeworthii Hook.f. all three are distinct species and accepted names… In this post i have cleared a lot of major differences between Impatiens tricornis and Impatiens edgeworthii.
Impatiens tricornis is much variable species with dark yellow flowers and hairy plant in higher altitude and also white flowers with very less hairy plant form in lower altitudes… Please go through the paper of Dr. Shinobu Akiyama mam ‘Studies of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal 3. Impatiens scabrida and Allied Species’ there you can find good illustrations and much details to distinguish I. tricornis and I. scabrida…
Most of the post on our group under name I.scabrida is actually I. tricornis. however i am currently checking if there is any image of true I. scabrida DC. present on our group or not… Thanks … for key and attachments. The crucial question is whether our specimens with suddenly tapered lower sepal is I. scabrida or I. tricornis if we treat them distinct species. the confusion all along has been status of I. tricornis. If we believe (as per Paper by Shinobu Akiyama and Hideaki Ohba) that specimens with “Lower sepal navicular or infundibuliform, 9–12 mm long, 5.5–8 mm deep (excluding the spur), tapering into a long upwardly or downwardly curved spur; spur 17–25 mm in overall length” are I. scabrida (No known Indian distribution according to these authors), and “Lower sepal pale yellow shaded with dull orange, bucciniform, (9–)15–18 mm long, (13–)20–25 mm deep (excluding the spur), abruptly constricted into incurved spur; spur curved, (8–)15–23 mm in overall length” is I. tricornis, we need to have key separating I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida as per new interpretation of these authors. This only will settle the matter for all. Until we have key separating all three matter can’t be solved.
Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae week: Balsaminaceae-Impatiens scabrida from Manali and Chakrata-GS-12 : 7 images. 2 posts by 2 authors. Syn: Impatiens cristata Wall.; I. calycina Wall.; I. hamiltoniana D. Don
I. praetermissa Hook.f.; I. tricornis Lindl.
Local names: rindliya, tilura
Branched annual herb often reaching up to 1 m tall, pubescent or subglabrous towards base, often purple; leaves alternate, elliptic to oblong-ovate, 6-15 cm long, sessile or short petiolate, petiole with two sessile glands at base, leaf margin sharply serrate, teeth gland-tipped, apex acuminate; flowers golden yellow, spotted with purple or brown, 3-4 cm long excluding spur, in 1-3 flowered clusters on up to 7 cm long axillary peduncles; pedicel with usually 2 lanceolate persistent 3-4 mm long bracteoles; 2 lateral sepals ovate-rounded, 5-6 mm long, mucronate; lower sepal broadly funnel-shaped, abruptly narrowed into incurved spur 10-12 mm long; upper petal broadly circular 12-15 mm long, 16-18 mm broad, with horn-like green outgrowth on back, bilobed at tip; lateral united petals without claws, bilobed, basal lobes rounded, distal lobes with inflexed auricle; capsule erect, linear, 25-40 mm long, ribbed hairy.
Photographed from Manali and Chakrata Recently found spontaneous in several places in Europe. Uncommon in cultivation Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. I agree with …, I. scabrida. I upload here two very distinct specimens.
I. edgeworthii with gradually narrowed tube, longer slightly or distinctly curved spur, lighter coloured flowers, stems mostly glabrous
I. scabrida with suddenly narrowed tube, shorter curved spur and brighter flowers, stems mostly scabrid.. Pl. go through Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. I have gone through all, and given my detailed comments. It is not an isolated paper and recently published. It deals with our plant found in NW Himlayas and that too by authors who have worked in this area on Impatiens substantially. In due course, it will be reflected in Online databases.
I am reproducing relevant extracts from Studies of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal 3. Impatiens scabrida and Allied Species Shinobu Akiyama1,* and Hideaki Ohba2
(Abstract: Impatiens tricornis (Balsaminaceae), often treated to be conspecific with I. scabrida, is distinguished by the shape of the lower sepal. After checking the type of I. scabrida it became clear that most of the plants referred to as I. scabrida, or I. cristata, are not true I. scabrida, but I. tricornis. Lectotypes for I. calycina and I. tricornis are designated)
1. Impatiens tricornis Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 26: t. 7 (1840). Hook. in Bot. Mag. 70: t. 4051 (1844).
Type: Illustration, t. 7 published in Bot. Reg. 26 (1840) (lectotype, designated here). I. praetermissa Hook.f. in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 29 (1904). Type: Wallich s.n. (not found). I. scabrida auct. non DC.: Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 2: t. 323 (1840). Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 472 (1875); in Rec. Bot. Srv. Ind. 4: 7 & 10 (1904). Hara in Fl. E. Him.: 196 (1966); 2nd rep.: 75 (1971); in Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 80 (1979). Polunin & Stainton, Flow. Himal.: 70 (1984). Akiyama et al. in Ohba & Malla, Him. Pl. 2: 83, fig. 16, Pl. 6 a–c (1991); in J. Jap. Bot. 67: 192 (1992). I. cristata auct. non Wall.: Hook.f. in Rec. Bot.
Srv. Ind. 4: 7 & 10 (1904); 4: 22 (1905). Grey-Wilson in Grierson & Long, Fl. Bhutan 2: 92, fig.12a–c (1991). Herbs, annual, erect, 30–80 cm tall, pubescent. Leaves alternate, evenly distributed along the stem, petiolate or nearly sessile in upper part of stem; petiole 5–25 mm long; blade herbaceous, broadly lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, 3–11.5 cm 1.5–4.3 cm, base attenuate, margin serrate to crenate-serrate, apex acuminate or acute, scabrid on both surfaces. Inflorescences axillary, with 1–3 (or 4) flowers. Peduncle 8–15 mm long. Pedicels 10–20 mm long with a bract at the middle. Bracts narrowly ovate to linear, 3–6 mm long, apex acute. Flowers pale yellow or yellow with reddish brown dots, 2.5–3 cm long, 3–3.5 cm deep. Lateral sepals 2, nearly round, ca. 10 mm long, with an awn at apex. Lower sepal pale yellow shaded with dull orange, bucciniform, (9–)15–18 mm long, (13–)20–25 mm deep (excluding the spur), abruptly constricted into incurved spur; spur curved, (8–)15–23 mm in overall length. Dorsal petal pale yellow, 12–15(–18) mm long,14–18(–24) mm wide when flattened, cucullate, dorsally with a keel-like crest; crest 3–5 mm high. Lateral united petals pale yellow, sometimes with brownish stripes, (18–)25–30 mm long; upper lobe oblong to ovate, (7–)13–15 mm long, (6–)7–10 mm wide, apex slightly retuse to truncate; lower lobe ovate to elliptic-ovate, (11–) 13–15(–17) mm long, (5–)6–8 mm wide, apex obtuse. Stamens 5, anthers without appendage. Fruit 3–4 cm long.
2. Impatiens scabrida DC., Prodr. 1: 687 (Jan. 1824). Holotype: Nepal [Napauliâ]. Wallich s.n. (G00218814). [Figs. 2, 4a, b] I. calycina Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 463 (Mar.–June 1824). Type: Nepal. Chundrugiri [Chandragiri] [Chandaghiry on the label] Wallich [4769a], Aug. 1821 (designated here). [Figs. 4e, 5] I. cristata Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 456 (Mar.–June 1824). Type: not designated. No authentic specimen is found.
Similar to I. tricornis but flowers smaller. Lower sepal navicular or infundibuliform, 9–12 mm long, 5.5–8 mm deep (excluding the spur), tapering into a long upwardly or downwardly curved spur; spur 17–25 mm in overall length. Specimens examined: Known only from the types of I. scabrida and I. calycina. Conclusions Before we reach any conclusion, we have to decide:
Are we rejecting I. scabrida for our specimens totally?
This paper identifies I. tricornis as distinct species, Catalogue of Life considers it synonym of I. cristata, which this paper considers as synonym of I. scabrida. This paper was published in 2016, whereas Catalogue of Life is updated every year. No database recognises I. tricornis, but we want to accept it. I don’t see any justification.
As I wrote earlier let us first find key separating I. edgeworthii, I. scabrida and I. tricornis (if at all distinct species) and the place of specimens. Thanks, …,
Catalogue of life is not mentioning as to on which publication and up to what publication they have based their observation.
If their is any subsequent paper, it is not appearing on search in net.
Authors have examined specimens from the area as given in their publication and explained in detail.
In such a situation, I personally feel it is prudent that we go by this publication. Sir we are not rejecting Impatiens scabrida DC. for our all specimens totally even i am happy to tell you that what you have just posted under name ‘Impatiens-edgeworthii Chakrata Tiger fall area-DSC01532-Chakrata-1’ image looks matching with true Impatiens scabrida DC. characterised by having navicular lower sepal tapering into a long spur…
If you have its more images please share sir…
But most of the image on site previously under name I. scabrida is of I.tricornis and i think … in some posts where we don’t have enough details of lower sepal/spur etc available we have to add such posts in Impatiens scabrida complex page….
Now about database, we are following most recently updated database i.e. Plants of the World Online published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Please see the link below
plantsoftheworldonline
… moreover Impatiens scabrida complex needs further studies which we are working on so for the time being we have to follow this … Plant named I. edgeworthii by … look very promising for being true I. scabrida. Further studies of cytology and other features are needed to confirm its status.
Thanks … for alerting me :-). Thanks … All matter would be solved if we have key separating three species. Once we have this key, I can sort my images and know what is what. Thanks dear … I would be very happy if we have three species in our area instead of two, as Shinobu Akiyama and Hideaki Ohba paper which started all this report I. scabrida only from type locality Nepal. As I have written in all my posts we need to know key differences between all three species, or at least between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida according to new interpretation. Pl. share high resolution images For ‘Impatiens-edgeworthii Chakrata Tiger fall area-DSC01532-Chakrata-1’ I have several populations of I. edgeworthii, I will upload variations, but before that need to know key differences between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida according to new interpretation. I am unable to produce real key to distinguish about 40 species of balsams known from Western Himalaya. However, you can find some help in my project, called Balsaminaceae Information Center on ResearchGate portal.
I would like to push your attention to two existing files: Impatiens_portraits_300 with links to pictures of about 300 of Impatiens taxa and Impatiens of Nepal.
These materials should be visible and accessible also for people only visiting ResearchGate.
I am very busy now with other work, but I hope to add file with some information on Western Himalayan Impatiens before start of field season. It would be interesting to know the treatment of three species I. edgeworthii, I. scabrida and I. tricornis in recent revision of Impatiens from Eastern Himalayas, especially differentiating characters: I have gone through this book, it also follows the paper of Dr. Shinobu Akiyama mam, the yellower species present on our site previously under name Impatiens scabrida is treated as Impatiens tricornis in that book too moreover there is no details of Impatiens edgeworthii in that book as I. edgeworthii is not found in Eastern Himalayas it is only distributed upto Nepal… Thanks a lot … I am waiting for differences between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida, so that we could distribute our images under former. I have interesting variations from Western Himalayas, but these could be scrutinised only after we know the differences according to new interpretation.
Sorting our I. edgeworthii/scabrida/tricornis populations: I. tricornis from Budher Caves Road Chakrata : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5)
And finally I. tricornis, regarding which I hope we need no further discussion.
Budher Caves Road Chakrata, clicked on September 18, 2011.
I hope we can now scrutinise other specimens in our database.
I must being desperate the Crucial Key of Flora of India led me here. Correct me if I am wrong.
Please do comment on abnormal downward projection in image number 1650 Impatiens tricornis for the moment.
I would like, however, stress that this taxon look variable with different shades of flower color, spot or strip markings.
         Flora of Chakrata: Impatiens scabrida or Edgewothii from Chakrata region:
This pics of Impatiens were shot from Chakrata region (1800-2400 mts) Even After searching alot i am not able to decide whether it is Impatiens scabrida or I. edgeworthii Flowers usually 2 in each cluster (not many), bracteoles present, throat spotted suggests I. scabrida Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. I would say I. edgewrthii as tube is gradually tapering and spur much longer. Looks different from Impatiens edgeworthii as per images and details herein. Impatiens tricornis for now… Yes I. tricornis
Chamba Higher reaches – impatiens… al100811b: does this remind anyone of I. Pallida…??
Impatiens pallida has small curved spur. This could probably be Impatiens laxiflora (see Flora Simlensis) Looks like Impatiens scabrida Looks similar to I. scabrida, but difficult to ignore two things: Capsules seem to be nodding and not erect and spur seems to be much shorter and straight (not curved). We have seen a lot of variation in Impatiens scabrida on Chakrata trip and seeing this, it is Impatiens scabrida Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. I think I. edeworthii only. Looks different from Impatiens edgeworthii as per images and details herein. Again Impatiens tricornis yes I. tricornis only      Impatiens for ID_RKC01_060611:
Loc.: On way to Churdhar, Himachal Pradesh (ca 1500m) Date: August, 2010. Impatiens falcifer ? It is Impatiens scabrida I suppose I agree with opinion of …- notice hairy stem Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. I. edgeworthii only I hope. I guess I. edgeworthii is the correct ID. This is not I. edgeworthii as the flower throat is not streaked red and only rusty spots are there moreover the upper lobe of lateral united petal is also broader and not obliquely upward, also the plant is pubescent (see its stem) all these keys are pointing towards Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
For more details on differences between I. tricornis (I. scabrida complex) and I. edgeworthii please check my recent post here
VoF Week : Impatiens scabrida:
Impatiens scabrida of Balsaminaceae family Clicked on 16th August`12 while trekking down from Ghanghariya to Govind Ghat, Chamoli, Uttarakhand. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.    VOF Week 270812_DS_03: (mixed thread): 3 correct images as above.
This one is also very frequent on the way to VOF. seems some Impatients.
Please identify for me. … possibly Impatiens scabrida (family Balsaminaceae). This is Impatiens scabrida, we have seen it on the Gobind ghat – Ghangaria trail. two are impatiens scabrida. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
VoF Week: Impatiens scabrida: Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
VOF Week: Impatiens 2 for id from the trek.: I think yes. Very good photographs. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. Why not I. edgeworthii I. tricornis we are following whom?
Catalogue of life treats it synonym of I. cristata
World Flora Online and TPL treat it as synonym of I. scabrida
We have to decide which database to follow, we can’t depend on isolated papers, especially one talking about only Nepal plants.
For me yellow flowered large flowered forms with bucchiform suddenly narrowed lower sepal with short curved spur is I. scabrida, one with gradually narrowed lower sepal with long spur as edgeworthii. Again this is surely Impatiens tricornis Lindl. Thanks … As I wrote earlier with this new interpretation we need to know key differences between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida to sort our specimens, and confirm (as Shinobu Akiyama and Hideaki Ohba report latter only from type locality Nepal) or negate (if we find I. scabrida in our country) Shinobu Akiyamaand Hideaki Ohba view on distribution of I. scabrida.
VoF Week: Impatiens scabrida from the way to Ghangriya: Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
VoF Week: 19082012 BS 3 Impatiens sp-3 from Valley for id: May be Impatens scabrida. Looks like I. scabrida – notice “horn” on the upper petal Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae Week: NS05: BALSAMINACEAE:Impatiens scabrida from VOF: (10 images). Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae Week: Balsaminaceae :: Impatiens scabrida Manali : 1 image. Yes … this looks like Impatiens scabrida. For me too – Impatiens scabrida Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae Week: NS07: BALSAMINACEAE: Impatiens scabrida from Chakrata : 9 images. 6 posts by 4 authors.
Repeating same species of Impatiens as uploaded earlier..this one from Chakrata area… Impatiens scabrida DC. Yes, it is I. scabrida Very nice … There is a fruit too in the pictures! Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae Week: NS08: BALSAMINACEAE: Impatiens for id from Chakrata : 2 images. Rich yellow one looks like I. scabrida – see hairy stem. I don’t see clearly any “horn” on upper petal, but flowers were photographed from front. Yes … I will upload mine soon. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae Week :: DV19 :: 01 AUG 12 13:35 :: Balsaminaceae » Impatiens scabrida along Govind Ghat – Ghangaria trail : 5 images. 3 posts by 3 authors. Balsaminaceae
Impatiens scabrida DC. im-PAY-shuns — impatient; referring to the seed pod’s habit of bursting open … Dave’s Botanary SKAY-brid-a — roughened … Dave’s Botanary commonly known as: rugged yellow balsam, scabby balsam • Nepali: अरेली areli, तिउरी झार tiuri jhar Distribution: Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan); also cultivated References: Flowers of India • Flora of Pakistan • NPGS / GRIN along Govind Ghat – Ghangaria trail on 01 AUG 12 Seems to be the most common balsam in Northern India….? Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae Week:: Balsaminaceae :: Impatiens scabrida along “Govindghat-Ghangaria Trail” – PKA18 : 5 images. 3 posts by 2 authors. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
HP, Oct 2014 :: Requesting ID validation :: ARKJAN-09/09 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (6) I think yes.. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Impatiens scabrida ABJUL01/24 : 2 posts by 1 author. 4 images.
Balsams are out in good numbers and I took some pictures to share here. Also I am including a picture of the tiny blue metallic beetle which is responsible for perforating most balsam leaves. I think it is the Flea Beetle, Altica cyanea but could be wrong. Please advise. Impatiens scabrida– Rugged Yellow Balsam or Himalayan Balsam (I think it is a weed in other countries, an Indian export)
Above Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP
1750-1800m
25-27 July 2015
Today (3.8.15) I took some pictures on the phone to show the missing angles of the Impatiens plant and one of the Altica cyanea (Flea Beetle) on a Balsam leaf. At what stage can one cause the pods to explode by touching? I touched a few without any result. Pods explode when touched when they are ripe ie you can see they are turning lighter in color and/ or turning slightly yellow Thank you … Tomorrow, I’ll find some and experiment. Nice pictures, especially second set More details. The leaf margins are amazing. I also caught the Flea Beetle redhanded. 2 images. Finally yesterday a friend showed me the erupting pods. I was mistakenly touching the flower buds and not the bean shaped seed pods. Here are the pictures. 4 images. Yes, the name derived from this impatient behaviour… First here’s the difference.. may be diagnostic Thank you … …, I am not familiar with the garden variety. Please share some pictures if you have them in your garden. My daughter and I went out touching pods in different degrees of development and discovered that the ones which one can be certain of exploding when touched are the ones with a ballooning base (see picture). I think that is where the tension coils are housed which throw the seed out with force when uncoiled.
These grow like a weed on our mountainside and I never thought of collecting the seeds but if you wanted any, Ushadi, I could collect some. If I am not mistaken this variety of Balsam is a weed in some countries including France I think.
2 images What a through education for naturalist- in- training your daughter is getting, similar to what my Dad used to do and that’s how he inculcated love of nature and infinite curiosity in me/us. I love it.
Your pods are different from the garden balsam
if you are familiar with green chhola pods when in season? they are similar in shape to balsam
like cupped hands in prayer.. only balsam pods a bit bigger and their walls juicier than the chhola ones and they open up and curl i have not seen that bump like structure at the base of ready to pop one, only the color change
next time I will study closely
your balsam’s pods are long, garden balsams are short and wider
Here is one case plant just started flowering
so no pods yet
pods are in some other file that i cant place my hands on
will have to search when I come back home in a few weeks
we use these flowers as offering in prayer here in Bengal
comes in a riot of colours
3 images. Thank you … for the info and the photos. What species are these pink variety? For clarification: plants on pictures from … garden are Impatiens balsamina. Garden varieties of this species could have flowers in different shades of rosa, red, white, violet.
Wild form comes most probably from southern India and SE Asia, but as the species is cultivated not less than 4000 years, it is difficult now to show precise place.
Capsules of I. balsamina are short and hairy.
Shape of capsules is used to recognize broader groups of species.
I. scabrida recently escaped from culture (?) in some European countries: Italy, Austria and Netherland. For some time I have been noticing ants walking over the I. scabrida plants. This afternoon I sat and observed them. A large individual, perhaps a queen, was foraging with a smaller (worker?) ant and to me they appear to be the carpenter ants. They seem to be interested in red stipule like growths under the leaf stalks. Every few seconds they would visit another stipule and place their mandibles there and move on again. I took some photographs and researched the phenomenon at home. I found out that I. scabrida has stipule like nectaries which store glucose and other sugars which is what these ants were interested in. Thanks, …, for the wonderful observation. Wonderful observation and analysis, this will be nice to derive a give and take relationship, which, though, is not always happening. This may be one-sided affair…!! Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Today I found this small plant with a yellow balsam flower and a couple of seed pods. Impatiens scabrida is a common flower here but not at this time of the year. I brought the plant home and photographed it. The flower is deeper yellow with unequal lower lips. It could very well be the same species but I wanted to be sure. Could this be some other impatiens? Please advise. I still suppose this is I. scabrida – see horn on upper petal. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Happy to share some pictures of Impatiens scabrida shot at
Godabari Botanical Garden, Nepal on 23 May 2015.
Is ID correct ? I suppose, it is I. scabrida: it has big yellow flowers with some darker venation, plant looks hairy, upper petal has horn on dorsal side.
Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra:: Balsam Sp. for ID NSJ-OCT 16/04 : 6 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (4)
Balsam sp for ID. Photo taken near Sirkha camp. Aug 13, 2016. Height Approx 8000 feet. This is Impatiens scabrida. Plant is hairy, upper petal has horn. Flower colour is rather pale, but this feature is variable in I. scabrida. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
I don’t found it as it has no Impatiens in description…
I suppose this is late season Impatiens scabrida– it should have horn on upper petal and plant should be at least somewhat hairy. Impatiens scabrida most likely. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. All ten links are of Impatiens tricornis as revised by Akiyama and Ohba 2016.
Reference: Akiyama S., Ohba H. 2016. Studies of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal 3. Impatiens scabrida and Allied Species. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 42(4), pp. 121–130.
People interested in Balsaminaceae could visit my Balsaminaceae Information Center on ResearchGate. Corrections, additions, collaboration proposals are hearthily welcomed. How can I access your ‘Balsaminaceae Information Center on ResearchGate’ Go with this …, . Local names of Impatiens scabrida in Uttarakhand : 2 posts by 2 authors.
Here are some names of Impatiens scabrida known in Uttarakhand,
ENVIS-FRLHT: balsam, tillua
Website – Valley of Flowers: bantil, rindliya, tillua
While I am confident about these two: बाल्सम balsam, बनतिल bantil …. please validate the following two in Devanagari script: रिंडलिया rindliya, तिल्लुआ tillua.
Names of Plants in India :: Impatiens scabrida DC. : 2 posts by 2 authors. 1 image.
via Species > I > Impatiens scabrida DC. … family: Balsaminaceae
    im-PAY-shuns — impatient; referring to the seed pod’s habit of bursting open … Dave’s Botanary SKAY-brid-a — roughened … Dave’s Botanary commonly known as: rugged yellow balsam, scabby balsam • Hindi: बाल्सम balsam, बनतिल bantil, रिंडलिया rindliya, तिल्लुआ tillua • Nepali: अरेली areli, तिउरी झार tiuri jhar botanical names: Impatiens scabrida DC. … synonyms: Impatiens cristata Wall. … status at The Plants List (2013). Version 1.1. August 4, 2012 … along Govind Ghat – Ghangaria trail Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. Thanks very much … for this notification. Many thanks to …, too. REVISED my notes and names database.
im-PAY-shuns — impatient; referring to the seed pod’s habit of bursting open … Dave’s Botanary commonly known as: scabby balsam, three horned balsam • Hindi: बनतिल bantil, रिंडलिया rindliya, तिल्लुआ tillua • Nepali: अरेली areli, तिउरी झार tiuri jhar botanical names: Impatiens tricornis Lindl. … homotypic synonyms: Balsamina tricornis (Lindl.) Ser. … heterotypic synonyms: Impatiens praetermissa Hook.f. • Impatiens punctata Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson … POWO Bibliography / etymology ~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
scabby balsam, three horned balsam
~~~~~ ADI (Arunachal Pradesh) ~~~~~
no given name / no name found
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
बनतिल bantil, रिंडलिया rindliya, तिल्लुआ tillua
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~
अरेली areli, मुज्यारो mujyaro, तिउरी झार tiuri jhar
~~~~~ x ~~~~~
Impatiens scabrida : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5)
Impatiens scabrida Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Impatiens scabrida DC. : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (10)- around 600 kb each. Location: Godavari, Nepal
Altitude : 5000 ft.
Date: 24 July 2018
Habit : Wild Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Impatiens-4 for ID :: Govindghat-Ghangaria, Uttarakhand :: Aug 2018 :: ARKNOV-12 : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (8)
Saw these at multiple places along the Govindghat-Ghangaria trail, Uttarakhand in Aug 2018. The flowers were somentime pale yellow and other on the darker yellow side.
Requested to please validate ID, is this Impatiens scabrida?.
Yes it’s Impatiens scabrida. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Impatiens for ID_RKC02_030611: Impatiens species are very difficult to identify without close-up of the spur and capsule. But seeing the size of flowers and colour, it could be I. laxiflora, but needs to be checked. If you recollect the size of flower, it may help. I suspect it may not turn out to be I. sulcata, if flower size is more than 3 cm long.
Digital photographs are tricky without scale. As far as I remember, size of the flower was not more than 3 cms. Even if 3 cm it is probably I. sulcata Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. Typical I. scabrida I hope. …, I have gone through all, and given my detailed comments. If we think there are three distinct species, we have to find/construct key separating I. edgeworthii, I. scabrida and I. tricornis, otherwise it is convenient to separate I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida as I have suggested and what we have been following. It looks like there is still a lot of confusion not only between Impatiens scabrida and Impatiens tricornis but also with Impatiens edgeworthii. Even our senior and respected members like … have confused between the two species.
I am just back from Kolkata after attending the ISPTE 2020. So was little tired and currently busy at college but i will try to make a post possibly by night including dissected images to clear differences between I. tricornis (what we earlier know as I. scabrida) and I. edgeworthii… Even i think there can be a few images of Impatiens calycina on site but not much details of flowers are visible, moreover Impatiens scabrida complex needs more serious work to resolve which we are planning to work this year… This is likely something from Impatiens scabrida complex but we don’t have enough details available including images of lower sepal/spur and seeds capsule etc so can’t say about species…
PLANT FOR ID 92 SMP JUN 09 Manali – indiantreepix | Google Groups
Vof Week :: Impatiens scabrida along Govind Ghat – Ghangaria trail: Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.   Indian Balsam : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4).
Rugged Yellow Balsam (Imaptiens scabrida) must be one of the hardiest wildflower on our mountain slopes. The plant is barely off the ground and the flowers are out (see picture). Its handsome leaves, loved by tiny metallic-blue beetles, are mostly perforated. They are growing everywhere now, growing up to two-and-a-half feet at places with individual flowers or with several in a bunch. Here are a few pictures taken mostly in August/September. If I am correct, this balsam, also known as the Indian Balsam, has spread as weed in other countries.
Rugged Yellow Balsam (Imaptiens scabrida)
Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP
About 1700m
August/September Forwarding mail/photos of Balsam to … who is an expert on Balsams. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. . Balsam : 9 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2). efi page on Impatiens scabrida (Rugged Yellow Balsam) & FOI page on Impatiens balfourii (Balfour’s Balsam) You have uploaded two plants of Imatiens one with yellow flowers can be impatiens cristata and other may be aneotype of Impatiens balffourii Yellow one should be I. scabrida, if the plant is less or more hairy and upper petal has a horn. As far as I saw on different pictures there is variability in shade of yellow and quantity of markings on lower sepal.
White/rosa one is rather not I. balfourii, at least not the form cultivated and escaped in Europe. Proportion of upper petal to lateral petals is different.
In European I. balfourii upper petal is rather small and flowers distinctly bicolored – white and rosa or white and lavender (white upper petal and upper lateral petal), with only minor yellow markings inside lower sepal. Lower lateral petal is bigger and broader than in your plant.
However, I can decide which species is matching your plant. Thank you … There are a few Balsam plants here with varying degree of yellow. I agree they are most likely to be all Impatiens scabrida. Could the pink one be Impatiens bicolor? Again – I am far, far away from my favourite plants and I know them mostly from pictures…
Original description of I. bicolor depicts plant with rosa and yellow flowers – upper petal completely and upper lateral petal partially are rosa, the rest of flower yellow wit eventual markings. Such plants were found recently escaped in Oregon.
Your plant is apparently not this form. I can try to recognize it in my spare time, but it would take more time.
There are at least 16 different species of Impatiens known from Himachal Pradesh and there could be some still omitted by botanists. So keep your eyes open on this interesting, but difficult genus.
I just checked posts on eFI group seeking for pictures of recently described I. devendrae and I found it in this state and even in nearby Jammu & Kashmir. Thank you once again. You have been very generous with your time in helping me with this.
I look forward to hearing from you. By the way, for the future:
1) do more than one picture of flowers, at least en face (frontal) view and lateral view
2) picture of leaves (shape, colour of lower side, arrangement) and stem (colour, swollen nodes, additional structures like wings, glands) could be very useful
3) note the height of plant and its life form – many are annuals with single branched or unbranched stem, some perennials (I don’t know if any of west Himalayan), some more tropical even shrubby.
4) put your finger into the photo, especially for flowers – this gives better orientation how big things are
Of course, place of observation and habitat are a must for proper identification :-).
And even with this all there is no sureness if identification will be possible – there is a lot of work for botansists with this fascinating genus… Thank you for this advice. I’ll bear these points in mind. Yellow one may be Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by … at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Sorting our I. edgeworthii/scabrida/tricornis populations: I. tricornis? from near Dakpathar, Uttarakhand : Attachments (4)
This I think is light coloured form of I. tricornis, please validate or correct, clicked from near Dak Pathar towards Kalsi, Uttarakhand, September 16, 2011. Impatiens tricornis for now.
Sorting our I. edgeworthii/scabrida/tricornis populations: Impatiens tricornis from Chopta Forest Uttarakhand : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (2)
Impatiens tricornis from Chopta Forest Uttarakhand
Sorting our I. edgeworthii/scabrida/tricornis populations: Impatiens tricornis from Mandal Uttarakhand : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (4)
Another light coloured form, Impatiens tricornis from Mandal, Uttarakhand, June 2, 2013
Impatiens tricornis for now.
This one has more stripped markings.
Interesting Impatiens from near Nohradhar, Himachal Pradesh : 9 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (6)
This is really interesting flower colour, lower sepal tube and hairiness suggesting I. tricornis but two prominent lobules suggest I. edgeworthii, the plant barely few cm tall is much more hispid than all my populations, Near Nohradhar, Himachal Pradesh, alt 2000 m, May 25, 2015. This is surely from Impatiens scabrida complex and will say Impatiens tricornis for now.
See the plant is much hairy with pubescent lateral sepals also upper lobe of lateral united petal is much wider and there is no streaked red color in throat only rusty spots are present.
As this plant is photographed much earlier flowering in May at higher altitude near 2000 metres so this is likely some variation because it is flowering much before monsoon rains and in cooler temperatures so plant growth also remain stunted. I have seen such variations in some other Himalayan Balsams also…
I agree with … Thanks dear … I am also bringing into loop … who have good knowledge about the flora of the region.
Sorry but I won’t stop at that. The main reason why wrote three main posts “Sorting our Impatiens edgeworthii/scabrida/tricornis” was the most important key character in BSI Flora of India, Vol 4 page 106 “basal lobe of wings produced upwards anteriorly into decurved lobule” which separates I. edgeworthii from at least 50 next species in the key including I. scabrida (I. tricornis not established then 1997, only emrged in 2016). These lobules are very clearly seen in my images already on Flowers of India, our database and fresh post yesterday. These are clearly absent in two species I. scabrida and I. tricornis I uploaded yesterday. I must say these lobules are very clearly seen in population uploaded by me from Nohradhar, and we can’t simply dismiss this as variation of tricornis. I don’t say it is I. edgeworthii, but can safely say that it keys out along with I. edgeworthii (in key of BSI Flora of India). Who knows it may turn out to be a new species, which our active researches can work on.
A fresh trip to Nohradhar in June may give us chance to locate and study this population in detail. what are you calling lobule?
I see distinct structure in place where upper lateral petal is connected with lower lateral petal.
If yes, this is some misinterpretation – this structure is auricle – see Fig. 1 in Ruchisansakun S., Suksathan P., van der Niet T., Smets E.F., Saw-Lwin, Janssens S.B. 2018. Balsaminaceae of Myanmar. Blumea 63, 2018: 199–267. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.01 Thanks a lot … I reproduce again the couplet 117 on page 106 of BSI Flora of India 117a Basal lobe of wings produced upwards anteriorly into decurved lobule……… I. edgeworthii
b. Basal lobe of wings not produced upwards anteriorly into decurved lobule …… next 48 species
And description of I. edgeworthii on page 144 “Wings with a globular dorsal auricle and a lobular structure towards sinus; basal lobes obovate, 6 x 5 mm; distal lobes oblong with ligulate apex, lobular structure oblong , ca 6 x 2 mm”
Description of I. exilis which keys out along with rest 47 species “Wings 1-1.5 cm long; basal lobes ovate-triangular, 6-7 x 3-4 mm; distal lobes elliptic-obovate, acutely pointed at apex, 7-10 x 5-7 mm; dorsal auricle short, hooked”
You are best qualified to interpret it Sir, I have some clicks of this species. I’ll check and report back. Impatiens scabrida/ cristata/ tricornis group is rather complicated and still not fully explored.
Please remember that I am living in place where only one Impatiens is native and three other naturalized or invasive. What I see are pictures of plants and my interpretation could be wrong. However, I better understand what I see than what I read…
I will start with terminology to make things more clear.
In most Impatiens species flower has 2 or 4 lateral sepals, often green, but sometimes colorful, one lower sepal and five petals: one upper or dorsal petal and two pairs of connate lateral united petals. Lower sepal in most cases has spur. Lateral united petals could have auricle, ofter darker in color than other parts of petals. Upper petal could be flat or cucullate; could have crest or horn.
Flora of India (FoI) in further texts use following terms:
wings = lateral united petals
lip = lower sepal
upper lobe = upper lateral petal
lower lobe = lower lateral petal
I don’t know what is “lobular structure” in description of I. edgeworthii.
I will continue when time allows today what I understand from key in FoI
Basal lobe of wings (= upper of lateral united petals) produced upwards anteriorly into decurved lobule for I. edgeworthii.
Not as such for further many species.
What I see is: upper part of upper of lateral petals is short (narrow), lower part is much longer and spreading.
There is auricle, see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7651712 but not particularly conspicuous and different than in … picture.
Next group of species is very diversified and I am unable to find something common for them in terms of flower morphology…
This way understanding intentions of key authors is very difficult.
Part three tomorrow, I hope Two images scanned in from slides taken in 1989 around Manali
at some 2200m or so, upper Kulu Valley, Himachal Pradesh.
Presumably the well-known balsam recorded in this area? Impatiens scabrida, at least somewhat hairy plant, upper petal with greenish or yellowish horn. Thanks … Yes, it appeared much hairier than the specimens of what I think is this species that I have seen in Mustang District of Nepal. Don’t have the images to-hand but shall try and get them and post.
Flowers of the Himalaya give a distribution of Kashmir to Bhutan for this balsam in forests, shrubberies & damp places @ 1200-3600m.
Stewart said this I.scabrida was reported from Dir in Pakistan.
He also had I.cristata Wall. saying this had been under I.scabrida in FBI, having been reported from Kashmir and to be expected there as it grew nearby in Kangra & Kulu.
Balsaminaceae for Flora of Pakistan (Yasin Nasir, 1980) gives I.cristata as a synonym of I.scabrida. Do you agree?
This seems to be generally accepted now. And there problem starts… Grey-Wilson in Flora of Bhutan treats I. scabrida and I. cristata as separate species, but in most cases these two names are treated as synonyms. I am confused. I have a copy of Flora of Bhutan Vol 2 Part 1 (1991). In Grey-Wilson’s account of Balsaminaceae he only gives Impatiens cristata Wall. with I.scabrida sensu Hara, non-DC. as a synonym.
It is recorded from Bhutan and Chumbi but NOT Sikkim from sunny or semi-shaded moist habitats, particularly in open forest, along pathways or close to habitation @ 1500-2500m.
Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol 2 lists I.scabrida DC. with I.cristata Wall. as a synonym. 1000-3600m. Interestingly NO records for East Nepal. I don’t know exactly what it is that cultivated Impatiens of Nepalese origin.
It is somewhat similar to I. falcifer with reduced upper petal and small upper petal of lateral united petals, but shape of lower petal of lateral united petals is different and it lacks red/ rusty markings on lower petal of lateral united petals.
Where it was cultivated? Unfortunately, I do not have any more meaningful information to add.
I did attempt to identify it myself but could not satisfactorily “match it”.
We must just put it aside, for the present, and perhaps return for another look in the future. Impatiens tricornis as per another thread at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl.
Habitat: forest path on mountain slope
Habit: herb, about 50 – 70 cm high; flower about 2.5 – 3 cm across Nice catch! Not I. edgeworthii. No idea right now! I hope we will have to revisit all Impatiens and Pedicularis uploads after this episode ends. Right now there is barely time to go through them briefly and comment on only which you are sure about. Thanks to the shower of uploads by … We had seen this flower way back in 2006 in the Valley of Flowers, and had been lying unidentified till now. Thanks, …, for finally identifying it.
I think similar other plants are also lying unidentified from other posters.
They may pl. check it & resurface them with correct Id. If Vivekananthan et al are right, your plant is not I. meeboldii – in FoI I. meeboldii is described as species with very small flowers and also much shorter.
I still have no idea what it is however.
There were several similar pictures of white flowered Impatiens with less or more straight spur, all similar enough to be the same mysterious species. Thanks once again … for forwarding the … message.
Thank you very much … for validating the ID.
Hoping this ID gets resolved. I think it is close to the images and details at Impatiens tricornis Lindl. . Impatiens scabrida DC.: 4 very high res. images. I guess I had gone through our discussions earlier but POWO, COl, IPNI and GBIF still showing them as separate sp. ?? this is what Dr. Akiyama call Impatiens tricornis and what was earlier often named I. scabrida or I. cristata, with less or more saccate lower sepal and appendage on upper sepal – check the same paper as in previous mail. .
Location: Badikhel, Lalitpur
Altitude: 1881 m.
Date: 24 November 2021
Habit : Wild I think more closer to images at Impatiens edgeworthii and as per differences between the two herein. Its Impatiens tricornis Lindl. only. Note the hairy nature of plant including flower lateral united sepals and capsule which otherwise is always glabrous in Impatiens edgeworthii Hook.f.. In these images one can get confused because of some variation seen in shape of spur and lower sepal but such variations are common in many Himalayan Impatiens species when plants are found in flowering during early winter season and i strongly believe such unstable variations are largely influenced by microclimatic factors. In general Impatiens season in Western to Central Himalaya ends by late September or maximum by mid October so if get any Impatiens sp. in flowering by late November that too around 2000m elevation where minimum temperature is already quite low reaching around zero degree Celsius such variations in flower shape and color can be seen frequently. . Impatiens scabrida DC.: 4 very high res. images. Location: Kalikot, West Nepal
Altitude: 2513 m.
Date: 15 August 2021
Habit : Wild . Impatiens tricornis Lindl.: 3 very high res. images. Location: Kalikot, West Nepal
Altitude: 1665m.
Date: 15 August 2021
Habit : Wild . Impatiens tricornis Lindl.: 10 very high res. images. Location: Jumla, West Nepal
Date: 25 August 2021
Altitude: 2500 m.
Habit : Wild Yes, it is Impatiens tricornis . Impatiens tricornis Lindl.: 4 very high res. images. Location: Godam, Chandragiri, Lalitpur
Date: 16 September 2022
Altitude: 1768m.
Habitat : Wild
Image quality not good ! . Please id this Balsam: 3 images. Yes !
. References: |
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