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Nerium oleander L., Sp. Pl. 209 1753 (Syn. Nerium indicum Mill. ….);
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NER-ee-um — Greek: nerion (Oleander) … Dave’s Botanary
oh-lee-AN-der or OH-lee-an-der — olive-like … Dave’s Botanary . commonly known as: oleander, sweet-scented oleander • Arabic: دفلى dafla, سم الحمار sammu-l-himar • Assamese: কৰবী korobi, কৰবীৰ korobir • Bengali: করবী karabi, করবীর karabira • Dogri: सुहा गंडीला suha gandila, सुहा गनीहरा suha ganihara • Gujarati: કણેર kaner, કરેણ karen • Haryanvi: कनेर kaner • Hindi: कनेर kaner, करब्बी karabbi, करवीर karavir, ललदंबु laldambu, प्रतिहास pratihas • Kachchhi: લાલ કરેણ lal karen • Kannada: ಗಣಿಗಲು ganigalu, ಕಣಲಿಗೆ kanalige, ಕಣಿಗಿಲೆ kanigile • Konkani: धवी कणेरी dhavi kaneri, कणेरी kaneri • Kumaoni: कनपूरी kanpuri, कनुर kanur • Malayalam: അരളി arali, അരളുക araluka, കണവീരം kanaviram, കരവാളം karavaalam • Manipuri: ꯀꯕꯤꯔꯩ kabirei • Marathi: कण्हेर kanher, करवीर karavir • Mizo: kananpar • Nepali: करवीर karaveer • Odia: ହୟ ମାରକ haya maraka, କରବୀ karabi, କରକ karaka, କୁନ୍ଦପୁଷ୍ପ kundapushpa, ରକ୍ତପ୍ରସବ raktaprasaba, ରକ୍ତପୁଷ୍ପ raktapushpa, ରକ୍ତାଶ୍ୱାରି raktashwari, ଶତକୁନ୍ଦ shatakunda, ଶତ କୁମ୍ଭ shatakumbha, ଶ୍ୱେତ କରବୀର shweta karabira, ଶ୍ୱେତପୁଷ୍ପ shwetapushpa • Pahari: घनीरा ghanira, कनेर kaner, करबेर karber, कुरुवीर kuruvira • Pali: कणवीर kanavira, करवीर karavira • Persian: خرزهره khar-zahra • Punjabi: ਗੰਦੇਰੇ gandere, ਕਨੇਲ kanel, ਕਨੇਰ kaner • Rajasthani: कणेर kaner • Sanskrit: अश्वघ्नः ashvaghna, अश्वमारकः ashvamaraka, चण्डात chandata, दिव्यपुष्प divyapushpa, गौरीपुष्प gauripushpa, हरप्रिय harapriya, हयमारक hayamaraka, हयारि hayari, करवीर karavira, लगुड laguda, नखराह्व nakharahva, पिण्डबीज pindabija, प्रतिहास pratihasa, रक्तकरवीर raktakaravira, रक्तप्रसव raktaprasava, रक्तपुष्प raktapushpa, रविप्रिय ravipriya, शकुन्द shakunda, शतकुम्भ shatakumbha, शतकुन्द shatakunda, शतप्रास shataprasa, शितिकुम्भ shitikumbha, श्वेतपुष्पक shvetapushpaka, स्थलकुमुद sthalakumuda, तुरङ्गारि turangari, वीरक viraka • Santali: ᱨᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ raj baha • Sindhi: جَنگيِ گُلُ jangi gul, جَوْرُ jauru • Tamil: அலரி alari, செவ்வலரி cevvalari, கரவீரம் karaviram, கஸ்தூரியலரி kasturiyalari, கவிரம் kaviram, குங்குமவலரி kunkumavalari, வெள்ளலரி vellalari • Telugu: ఎర్ర గన్నేరు erra ganneru, గన్నేరు ganneru, హయమారకము haya-mara-kamu, కరవీరము karaveeramu, కస్తూరి పట్టె kasthoori patte, వాడగన్నేరు vada-ganneru • Tibetan: ཀ་ར་བི་ར ka ra bi ra • Tulu: ಕರವೀರೇ karaveero • Urdu: کنير kaner, کربي karabbi, کروير karavir, للدمبو lal-dambu, پرتہاس pratihas
Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot. .
Deadly poisonous plant;
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Nerium oleander :: Dattaji Salvi Udyan :: 10 MAY 18 : 2 posts by 2 authors. 6 images. Date: May 10, 2018 … Altitude: about 11 m (36 feet) asl
Nerium oleander L.
Thanks, …, I doubt if I have seen the fruits of this plant earlier.
At kanakeshwar: 2 correct images as above.
Yesterday at Kanakeshwar,Alibag
1 Mangifera indica Mango tree 2 Nerium oleander Kanher
Flora of Haryana: Nerium oleander ITI Gannour (Sonipat) Haryana Campus:
Nerium oleander ITI Gannour (Sonipat) Haryana Campus Growing there in Garden Date/Time-Sep 2011
Location- Place, Altitude, GPS-Pune Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type-Garden Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- Shrub Height/Length-3-4 ft Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size-Green Flowers Size/ Colour/ Calyx/ Bracts-pink flowers Fruits Type/ Shape/ Size Seeds-not seen
Kalatope id Al061111-A: Location Kalatope
Altitude 1200 mts Habit Shrub Habitat ?? Height 5-6 feet Season (flowering) October-November Yes Nerium oleander one of the most poisonous plant of the world.
Kalatope flowers ‘Dam side’ – Al051212: this is Nerium Oleander …. Rabindranath Tagore wrote poems about Rakta Karabi… its bengali name…
very popular in bengal… I was confused because it seemed to be a different flower than my previous observation posted here of Nerium Oleander Yes Nerium oleander, Indian plant previously known as Nerium indicum
SYMBIOSIS : 170:
Pl. find the attached file contain photos for id. request.
Location: Anaikatti, Coimbatore Dist.,
Date: march 2012
Habitat: Garden
Habit: herb.
Flower ID Request 20111218: Nerium oleander Family: Apocynaceae (oleander family) Called Rokto Korobi in Bengali literature.
something like….. : 5 images. 7 posts by 3 authors.
… those in – Yes Nerium oleander. This as well as several other forms were seen in California. Deadly poisonous plant Thank you very much Sir, earlier it was different looking flowers I heard the toxic nature of its seeds. Also heard stories of killing somebody or committing suicide with its seeds. Searched and found info on toxicity –
http://www.vth.colostate.edu/poisonous_plants/report_detail. But, it is also interesting that this is a LFP of Oleander Moths. I saw some other larvae also feed on these leaves to live and to escape from its enemies!!
I do not have a photograph, sorry I have photographs of hawk-moth larva, hidden among thousands other photographs in my hard-disk! . any site in india that sale oleander: Oleander is such a Common Species that any Forest? highway Dept officer should be able to help. It is grown plenty in the Highways in the dividers and grows profusely allover Tamil Nadu in India. In US itself, the dividers in the Road connecting Sacramento to Sanfrancisco. there is abundance of Oleanders
Nerium odorum (family : Apocynaceae) Hooghly, WB : Attachments (7). 3 posts by 2 authors.
Attaching photo of the KARABI (in Bengali) that I have shot this afternoon (except the one with the sunbird).
Species : Nerium odorum (family : Apocynaceae)
Date : 24/02/2012, 4.30 P.M.
Place : Chanditala (Hooghly), West Bengal Yes. Correct name now is Nerium oleander L.
SYMBIOSIS : 377 : Attachments (1). 1 post by 1 author.
Tree for identification 110913PK01 : Attachments (1). 4 posts by 4 authors.
Help me with the ID of this tree please.
Clicked in Bangalore South. Is it Nerium oleander?? I also feel that it is Nerium oleander. Yes it is
SYMBIOSIS : 565 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1).
Attaching an image of a female Purple Sun-bird on the flowers of Nerium indicum.
FLOWERS/PLANTS MENTIONED BY TAGORE IN HIS SONGS ( SHWET-KARABI -1 ) : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Attaching translated version of a song by Tagore, where SHWET-KARABI has been mentioned. The same song has been posted earlier with BAKUL.
Nerium oleander L. ?? : 4 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5)
Location: Gyaneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
Altitude: 4400 ft.
Date: 21 August 2017
Habit : Cultivated
Nepali Names : बाह्रमासे Baahramaase / करबीर Karabeer
Location: Gyaneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
Altitude: 4400 ft.
Date: 21 August 2017
Habit : Cultivated
Attachments (6)
Yes, you are right. Beautiful images.
Seed image !
2 images. Nepali Name : करवीर Karaveer . ID requested : 4 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (2) – 1 mb and 2 mb. Seems to be Cascabela Thevetia sapling. Wait for flowers, I think it may come out to be Erigeron canadensis…!!
Appears more close to images at Nerium oleander
As per my knowledge, not our native plant, It is variously described as native of Asia or Asia and Europe. KEW says it is native to Mediterranean, Iran and Indian subcontinent. My reading on the net supports what … just told us .
Nerium for ID-291110MN – efloraofindia | Google Groups    Nerium oleander ; Light Lemon Flowers : Lalbagh Botanical Garden, Bangalore : 12FEB20 : AK-7 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (3) Seen in Dec, 2019. A cultivated plant.
. Greetings from Poison Control Centre, AIMS, Cochin!
I am contacting you to request a favour. I am writing an article on Poisonous Indian Plants for the lay public (in light of the tragic incident of a young woman who died due to accidental ingestion of Nerium Oleander flower/leaf a few days ago here in Kerala). I am a physician working as Professor & Head of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, and Chief of Poison Control Centre, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala. The article is meant to raise awareness among the general public about the toxic hazards of common garden plants. I would be thankful if you could provide some pictures of your own for the article. The following plants are featured in the article. Selected images will be credited to you explicitly.
Nerium Oleander
Yellow Oleander
Cerbera Odollam
Castor
Abrus (Rosary Pea)
Datura
Neem
Eucalyptus
Dumbcane
Philodendron
Any contributions would be gratefully accepted. I do hope you will not charge any fee as the article is not part of a commercial initiative, but is intended in the interests of public health. Some photos of an Oleander (Nerium) plant growing in my lawn in Srinagar. Photos are under CC licence (Attribution only needed)
4 images. For attribution use: Taffazull:
Fwd Pictures of Poisoous Plants.
eFloraofIndia-Google Groups You can also check my images (arranged alphabetically) at
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg_Flora And use them with due credit. .
Names of Plants in India :: Nerium oleander L.: 4 images.
Nerium oleander L. NER-ee-um — Greek: nerion (Oleander) … Dave’s Botanary
oh-lee-AN-der or OH-lee-an-der — olive-like … Dave’s Botanary commonly known as: oleander, sweet-scented oleander • Arabic: دفلى dafla, سم الحمار sammu-l-himar • Assamese: কৰবী korobi, কৰবীৰ korobir • Bengali: করবী karabi, করবীর karabira • Dogri: सुहा गंडीला suha gandila, सुहा गनीहरा suha ganihara • Gujarati: કણેર kaner, કરેણ karen • Haryanvi: कनेर kaner • Hindi: कनेर kaner, करब्बी karabbi, करवीर karavir, ललदंबु laldambu, प्रतिहास pratihas • Kachchhi: લાલ કરેણ lal karen • Kannada: ಗಣಿಗಲು ganigalu, ಕಣಲಿಗೆ kanalige, ಕಣಿಗಿಲೆ kanigile • Konkani: धवी कणेरी dhavi kaneri, कणेरी kaneri • Kumaoni: कनपूरी kanpuri, कनुर kanur • Malayalam: അരളി arali, അരളുക araluka, കണവീരം kanaviram, കരവാളം karavaalam • Manipuri: ꯀꯕꯤꯔꯩ kabirei • Marathi: कण्हेर kanher, करवीर karavir • Mizo: kananpar • Nepali: करवीर karaveer • Odia: ହୟ ମାରକ haya maraka, କରବୀ karabi, କରକ karaka, କୁନ୍ଦପୁଷ୍ପ kundapushpa, ରକ୍ତପ୍ରସବ raktaprasaba, ରକ୍ତପୁଷ୍ପ raktapushpa, ରକ୍ତାଶ୍ୱାରି raktashwari, ଶତକୁନ୍ଦ shatakunda, ଶତ କୁମ୍ଭ shatakumbha, ଶ୍ୱେତ କରବୀର shweta karabira, ଶ୍ୱେତପୁଷ୍ପ shwetapushpa • Pahari: घनीरा ghanira, कनेर kaner, करबेर karber, कुरुवीर kuruvira • Pali: कणवीर kanavira, करवीर karavira • Persian: خرزهره khar-zahra • Punjabi: ਗੰਦੇਰੇ gandere, ਕਨੇਲ kanel, ਕਨੇਰ kaner • Rajasthani: कणेर kaner • Sanskrit: अश्वघ्नः ashvaghna, अश्वमारकः ashvamaraka, चण्डात chandata, दिव्यपुष्प divyapushpa, गौरीपुष्प gauripushpa, हरप्रिय harapriya, हयमारक hayamaraka, हयारि hayari, करवीर karavira, लगुड laguda, नखराह्व nakharahva, पिण्डबीज pindabija, प्रतिहास pratihasa, रक्तकरवीर raktakaravira, रक्तप्रसव raktaprasava, रक्तपुष्प raktapushpa, रविप्रिय ravipriya, शकुन्द shakunda, शतकुम्भ shatakumbha, शतकुन्द shatakunda, शतप्रास shataprasa, शितिकुम्भ shitikumbha, श्वेतपुष्पक shvetapushpaka, स्थलकुमुद sthalakumuda, तुरङ्गारि turangari, वीरक viraka • Santali: ᱨᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ raj baha • Sindhi: جَنگيِ گُلُ jangi gul, جَوْرُ jauru • Tamil: அலரி alari, செவ்வலரி cevvalari, கரவீரம் karaviram, கஸ்தூரியலரி kasturiyalari, கவிரம் kaviram, குங்குமவலரி kunkumavalari, வெள்ளலரி vellalari • Telugu: ఎర్ర గన్నేరు erra ganneru, గన్నేరు ganneru, హయమారకము haya-mara-kamu, కరవీరము karaveeramu, కస్తూరి పట్టె kasthoori patte, వాడగన్నేరు vada-ganneru • Tibetan: ཀ་ར་བི་ར ka ra bi ra • Tulu: ಕರವೀರೇ karaveero • Urdu: کنير kaner, کربي karabbi, کروير karavir, للدمبو lal-dambu, پرتہاس pratihas
known for / parts made use of: the flowers, the roots and root bark, the leaves, the milky latex / sap … compiled from the web. botanical names: Nerium oleander L. … heterotypic synonyms: Nerium indicum Mill. • Nerium odorum Aiton … and more at POWO, retrieved September 28, 2026 TAXONOMIC NOTE
Nerium odorum :: Aiton versus Solander While modern taxonomic portals like POWO index this synonym under Aiton (who formally published it in 1789), historical regional literature and Indian lexicons heavily use the alternative author citation Nerium odorum Soland. (or Sol.). This honours the original manuscript descriptions by Daniel Solander before the name was formally printed. Both terms point directly to the same sweet-scented Asian lineage. … compiled from the web.
Bibliography / etymology / notes
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about “where” could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.
~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
oleander (or Indian oleander)
sweet-scented oleander (or fragrant oleander)
~~~~~ ARABIC ~~~~~
written in: Arabic (عَرَبِيّ) … spoken in: various states of India … Wikipedia
دفلى dafla (or دفلة defla)
سم الحمار sammu-l-himar
~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~
written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) … spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
কৰবী korobi, কৰবীৰ korobir (or কৰবীস korobix)
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) … spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
করবী karabi
করবীর karabira
~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) … spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir … spoken by the Dogras
सुहा गंडीला suha gandila, सुहा गनीहरा suha ganihara
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) … spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
કણેર kaner, કરેણ karen
FLIP OF THE SYLLABLE or SLIP OF THE TONGUE
The coexistence of કરેણ karen (the standard colloquial term) and કણેર kaner (formal term) perfectly mirrors the same metathesis or ‘flip of the syllable‘ observed in the Kannada datasets, showcasing how oral traditions naturally reconfigure consonants across regional borders. … compiled from the web.
~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) … spoken in: Haryana, Delhi
कनेर kaner
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) … spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
कनेर kaner (or कणेर kaner | colour variant: लाल कनेर lal kaner), करवीर karavir, ललदंबु laldambu (or ललदम्बू laldambu), प्रतिहास pratihas
करब्बी karabbi
~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) … spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat
લાલ કરેણ lal karen
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) … spoken in: Karnataka
ಗಣಿಗಲು ganigalu (variant: ಗಣಿಗಲೆ ganigale), ಕಣಲಿಗೆ kanalige (variants: ಕಣಗಿಲೆ kanagile, ಕಣಗಿಲ್ kanagil, ಕಣಗಿಲಿ kanagili, ಕಣಗಿಲು kanagilu), ಕಣಿಗಿಲೆ kanigile (variant: ಕಣಗಲು kanagalu)
FLIP OF THE SYLLABLE or SLIP OF THE TONGUE
A close examination of historical Kannada botanical manuscripts reveals a peculiar phonetic pattern: the vernacular name for this species frequently morphs, shifting between variations such as ganigalu, kanalige, and kanigile. Far from being typographical errors, these variations are prime examples of a linguistic phenomenon known as metathesis (or Varna-Viparyaya in traditional Indian grammatical scholarship). This process is essentially a natural, intergenerational ‘flip of the syllable’ or a ‘slip of the tongue’. When plant names travel through rural communities via oral tradition rather than standardized print dictionaries, the consonants and vowels naturally rearrange over time into configurations that flow more rhythmically within a specific local dialect. … compiled from the web.
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) … spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
धवी कणेरी dhavi kaneri, कणेरी kaneri
~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari … spoken in: Uttarakhand
कनपूरी kanpuri, कनुर kanur
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) … spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
അരളി arali
അരളുക araluka, കണവീരം kanaviram, കരവാളം karavaalam
~~~~~ MANIPURI ~~~~~
written in: Meiteilon (ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ), Bengali-Assamese … spoken in: Manipur … other names for this language: Meetei
ꯀꯕꯤꯔꯩ kabirei
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) … spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
कण्हेर kanher (or कण्हेरी kanheri | archaic: कणेर kaner / कणेरी kaneri)
करवीर karavir
~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~
written in: Latin, Bengali-Assamese … spoken in: Mizoram … other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian
kananpar (or ka-nan-par)
~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (नेपाली) … spoken in: Nepal, West Bengal, Assam, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir
करवीर karaveer
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ହୟ ମାରକ haya maraka, କରବୀ karabi, କରକ karaka, କୁନ୍ଦପୁଷ୍ପ kundapushpa, ରକ୍ତପ୍ରସବ raktaprasaba, ରକ୍ତପୁଷ୍ପ raktapushpa, ରକ୍ତାଶ୍ୱାରି raktashwari, ଶତକୁନ୍ଦ shatakunda, ଶତ କୁମ୍ଭ shatakumbha, ଶ୍ୱେତ କରବୀର shweta karabira, ଶ୍ୱେତପୁଷ୍ପ shwetapushpa
~~~~~ PAHARI (or PAHADI) ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (पहाड़ी), Perso-Arabic (پہاڑی) … variety of languages, dialects and language groups, spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand
घनीरा ghanira, कनेर kaner, करबेर karber, कुरुवीर kuruvira
~~~~~ PALI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (पालि) … used by priests and scholars, the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism
कणवीर kanavira, करवीर karavira
~~~~~ PERSIAN ~~~~~
written in: Farsi (فارسی) … almost a defunct language; spoken in: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Bihar
خرزهره khar-zahra
~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~
written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) … spoken in: Punjab
ਗੰਦੇਰੇ gandere, ਕਨੇਲ kanel, ਕਨੇਰ kaner
~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) … spoken in: Rajasthan
कणेर kaner
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) … used all over India by priests and scholars
अश्वघ्नः ashvaghna, अश्वमारकः ashvamaraka
चण्डात chandata, दिव्यपुष्प divyapushpa, गौरीपुष्प gauripushpa, हरप्रिय harapriya (or हरिप्रिय haripriya), हयमारक hayamaraka (or हयमार hayamara), हयारि hayari, करवीर karavira, लगुड laguda, नखराह्व nakharahva, पिण्डबीज pindabija, प्रतिहास pratihasa, रक्तकरवीर raktakaravira, रक्तप्रसव raktaprasava, रक्तपुष्प raktapushpa, रविप्रिय ravipriya, शकुन्द shakunda, शतकुम्भ shatakumbha (or शातकुम्भ shatakumbha), शतकुन्द shatakunda (or शतकुन्त shatakunta), शतप्रास shataprasa, शितिकुम्भ shitikumbha, श्वेतपुष्पक shvetapushpaka, स्थलकुमुद sthalakumuda, तुरङ्गारि turangari, वीरक viraka
~~~~~ SANTALI ~~~~~
written in: Ol Chiki (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ), Bengali (সাঁওতালী), Odia (ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ), Devanagari (सान्ताली), Roman … spoken in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha
ᱨᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ raj baha
~~~~~ SINDHI ~~~~~
written in: Perso-Arabic (سِنڌِي), Gujarati (સિંધી), Devanagari (सिन्धी) … spoken in: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
جَنگيِ گُلُ jangi gul (or زَنگيِ گُلُ zangi gul), جَوْرُ jauru
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) … spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
அலரி alari, கரவீரம் karaviram, கவிரம் kaviram
செவ்வலரி cevvalari, கஸ்தூரியலரி kasturiyalari, குங்குமவலரி kunkumavalari, வெள்ளலரி vellalari
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) … spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry
ఎర్ర గన్నేరు erra ganneru, కరవీరము karaveeramu, కస్తూరి పట్టె kasthoori patte
గన్నేరు ganneru (or గన్నెరు ganneru), హయమారకము haya-mara-kamu, వాడగన్నేరు vada-ganneru
~~~~~ TIBETAN ~~~~~
written in: Tibetan … spoken in: Tibet, Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bhutan
ཀ་ར་བི་ར ka ra bi ra (or ཀ་ར་ཝྭི་ར ka ra wi ra)
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) … spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala
ಕರವೀರೇ karaveero
~~~~~ URDU ~~~~~
written in: Urdu (اردو) … spoken in: Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka
کنير kaner (or کنير kaner | colour variant: اجلا کنیر ujla kaner)
کربي karabbi
للدمبو lal-dambu, کروير karavir, پرتہاس pratihas
~~~~~ KNOWN DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
west Himalaya
THE RED & WHITE OF OLEANDER
Linguistically, the un-prefixed vernacular names like Karabi or Kaner act as an automatic default for the pink/crimson/red-flowered variant, reflecting its sheer visual dominance across the Indian landscape. However, when looking through the historical lens of ancient Indian medicine, it is the white variant (Shweta) that holds the position of therapeutic superiority. … compiled from the web.
OLEANDER ODYSSEY
Origin, Ownership, and the Indian Landscape A classic and highly debated dilemma in historical plant geography. The reason behind the contrasting status of Nerium oleander L. in different databases comes down to differing taxonomic systems, historical synonyms, and how modern databases define a plant’s historical “native range”.
1. The Monotypic Genus vs. Splitting (Nerium oleander vs. Nerium indicum)
Historically, botanists treated the Mediterranean oleander and the Asian oleander as two distinct species:
Modern molecular and morphological taxonomy has collapsed these species. Today, the genus Nerium is widely considered monotypic, meaning it contains only one highly variable species: Nerium oleander L.
POWO accepts this monotypic view, as it merges the native ranges of both former species. Consequently, POWO formally lists the unified native range of Nerium oleander as stretching from the Mediterranean basin, all the way across southwest Asia to India, Myanmar, and Southern China (Yunnan). Hassler’s dataset, while highly authoritative, sometimes retains a more conservative regional footprint or marks the specific European linnean genotype as the “introduced” entity when tracked globally.
2. Deep Antiquity and the Problem of Cultivation
Even looking past the taxonomy, tracing the absolute origin of oleander is incredibly tricky because it is an ancient cultigen. It has been deliberately planted, naturalised, and moved by humans along trade routes for over 3,000 years.
3. Overlapping morphological distinctions, leading to merger
When botanists kept them apart as Nerium oleander (Mediterranean) and Nerium indicum (Asian), they relied on subtle macroscopic differences. However, because the plant is so variable, these features overlap heavily, which is exactly why modern phylogenetics eventually collapsed them into a single species.
The 20th-century taxonomists (most notably A.J.M. Leeuwenberg in 1984) evaluated hundreds of specimens across the global geographic spectrum, they found a continuous gradient. The “distinct” features of N. indicum (strong fragrance and deeply split petals) seamlessly blended into N. oleander forms when moving through Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Modern genetic studies confirmed that they share the same evolutionary lineage, rendering N. indicum a geographical variant rather than a separate species.
4. The Cultivar Landscape
While the fragrant, single-flowered indigenous strain (N. indicum) maintains its sacred, ancient sanctuary in India’s agricultural flower fields for temple rituals, it is the imported, sterile, and compact Western cultivars of the Mediterranean lineage (N. oleander) that have macro-monopolized India’s urban landscape — shaping 70% to 80% of what the modern Indian eye recognizes as ‘Kaner’ today.
… compiled from the web.
~~~~~ Created on: 12:34 28-09-2026 ¦ Last updated: 12:33 01-10-2026 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~
Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2026/10/nerium-oleander-l.html
both Malayalam and English names are correct. . References:
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Nerium oleander
Updated on October 15, 2026