Ixora

Ixora acuminata Roxb. (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal as per BSI Flora of India)

Ixora agasthyamalayana Sivad. & N.Mohanan (Images by E S Santhosh Kumar (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Ixora balakrishnii Deb & Rout (E. Himalaya to Peninsula Malaysia: Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, East Himalaya, Malaya, Nicobar Is. as per POWO)

Ixora brachiata Roxb. (As per efi thread: Most important is buds are globose in Ixora brachiata and not so in Ixora pavetta.

Leaf base is attenuate to cuneate or acute, in Ixora brachiata and rounded in Ixora pavetta.
Leaf apex is obtuse to subacute in Ixora brachiata and is acute to apiculate in Ixora pavetta.

Fruits are reddish when ripe in Ixora brachiata and black-coloured when ripe in Ixora pavetta.

Ixora brachiata is endemic to Western Ghats while Ixora pavetta is native to India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh and is also cultivated)

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Ixora casei Hance (Images by Gurcharan Singh & Balkar Singh (Id by Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))- The species looks similar to I. coccinia with similar coloured flowers, as long corolla tube and and acute corolla lobes, but can be easily differentiated on the basis of longer narrowly elliptic leaves reaching 20 cm in length, leaves gradually narrowed towards base and with distinct up 4-7 mm long petiole, and narrower much more pointed corolla lobes.

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Ixora chinensis Lam. (Cultivated) (Images by Gurcharan Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))- Ixora chinensis looks similar to I. coccinea in smaller flowers but obtuse (and not acute) corolla lobes and leaves subsessile (and not sessile).

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Ixora coccinea L. (Cultivated & Wild) (Images by Gurcharan Singh, Surajit Koley, Dinesh Valke & Balkar Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))- The species is widely cultivated and comes in a variety of colours but can be easily recognised by its smaller habit, sessile almost clasping oblong leaves baring reaching 10 cm, and flowers with corolla lobes usually less than 10 mm long.

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Ixora cuneifolia Roxb. ?

(Images by Sourav Mahmud (Id suggestion by Surajit Koley) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Ixora elongata B.Heyne ex G.Don (Images by Girish Kumar Ellezhuthil (Id by V R Vinayaraj, P S Udayan & N. Sasidharan) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex G.Don (Cultivated) (Images by Gurcharan Singh & Ranjini Kamath (Id by Santhosh Kumar & Gurumurthi Hegde) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

Ixora fulgens Roxb. (Images by Gurcharan Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))- A species looking similar to Ixora coccinea but easily differentiated by its larger corolla lobes which are 1.5-2 cm long, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, up to 20 cm long, narrowed towards base and with 3-5 mm long petiole.

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Ixora johnsonii Hook.f. (Southern Western Ghats (Kerala) as per India Biodiversity Portal)

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Ixora malabarica (Dennst.) Mabb. (Images by Anurag N Sharma (Id by E S Santhosh Kumar) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Ixora nigricans R.Br. ex Wight & Arn. (Images by Anurag N. Sharma, Dinesh Valke (Id by Giby Kuriakose), P Santhan, Prashant Awale (id by Dinesh Valke & Divakar Mesta) & Rashida Atthar (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Ixora notoniana Wall. ex G.Don (Images by Anurag N Sharma (Id by Navendu Page) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Ixora pavetta Andr. (Wild & Cultivated) (As per efi thread: Most important is buds are globose in Ixora brachiata and not so in Ixora pavetta.

Fruits are reddish when ripe in Ixora brachiata and black-coloured when ripe in Ixora pavetta.

Ixora brachiata is endemic to Western Ghats while Ixora pavetta is native to India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh and is also cultivated)

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Ixora polyantha Wight (Images by E S Santhosh Kumar, Anurag N Sharma (Id by E S Santhosh Kumar) & Giby Kuriakose (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

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Ixora thwaitesii Hook.f.

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Ixora undulata Roxb. (Images by Surajit Koley (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more images & complete details, click on the links))

BSI Flora of India Checklist Vol. 2 (Distribution):

Name	Distribution
Ixora acuminata	Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal (Unplaced as per POWO and no distribution shown in India)
Ixora anthroantha	Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal (No mention in POWO, CoL and IPNI)
Ixora balakrishnii	Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizroam, Nagaland, Sikkim (syn. of Ixora roxburghii Kuntze as per POWO)
Ixora barbata	Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Bihar, West Bengal
Ixora brachiata	Daman & Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
Ixora brunnescens	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Ixora calycina	Assam, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Ixora chakrabortyi	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Ixora chinensis	Cultivated species
Ixora coccinea	India
Ixora cuneifolia	Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal (cultivated)
Ixora diversifolia	Andaman & Nicobarb Islands
Ixora elongata	Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
Ixora finlaysoniana	Endemic to India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar
Ixora grandifolia	var. grandifolia (Andaman & Nicobar Islands) var. kurzeana (Teijsm. & Binn.) Hook.f. (Andaman & Nicobar Islands) (syn. of Ixora kurziana (Teijsm. & Binn.) Kurz as per POWO) var. rosella (Kurz) Hook.f. (Andaman & Nicobar Islands)
Ixora hymenophylla	Andaman Islands
Ixora javanica	Cultivated species (E. Himalaya to W. Malesia: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, East Himalaya, Jawa, Malaya, Myanmar, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)
Ixora johnsonii	Kerala
Ixora lawsonii	Karnataka, Kerala
Ixora macrothyrsa	Cultivated species
Ixora malabarica	Daman & Diu, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Ixora multibracteata	Andaman & Nicobar Islands (syn. of Ixora umbellata var. multibracteata (H.Pearson ex King & Gamble) Corner as per POWO)
Ixora nigricans	Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu
Ixora notoniana	Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Ixora pavetta	Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Ixora polyantha	Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra
Ixora pradeepii	Kerala (No mention in POWO, CoL and IPNI)
Ixora pseudoacuminata	Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland
Ixora pubirama	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Ixora rangonensis	Assam
Ixora ravikumarii	No distribution given (SW. India (Tamil Nadu) as per POWO)
Ixora saulierei	Tamil Nadu (syn. of Ixora notoniana Wall. ex G.Don as per POWO)
Ixora subsessilis	Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal
Ixora thwaitesii	Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Kerala
Ixora undulata	Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Ixora vinniei	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Ixora williamsii	Cultivated species (syn. of Ixora casei var. casei as per POWO)

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Flora of Peninsular India:
Ixora acuminata (Unplaced as per POWO and no distribution shown in India)
Ixora agasthyamalayana (Kerala)
Ixora alba (Kerala)
Ixora arborea (syn. of Ixora pavetta Andrews as per POWO)
Ixora beddomei (Kerala)
Ixora brachiata
Ixora chinensis
Ixora coccinea
Ixora coccinea var. lutea (syn. of Ixora coccinea var. coccinea as per CoL)
Ixora cuneifolia
Ixora elongata
Ixora finlaysoniana
Ixora gamblei (Karnataka, Kerala)
Ixora javanica
Ixora johnsonii
Ixora lanceolaria (syn. of Ixora malabarica (Dennst.) Mabb. as per POWO)
Ixora lawsonii
Ixora leucantha var. malabarica (syn. of Ixora gamblei V.S.Ramach. & V.J.Nair as per CoL)
Ixora lutea (syn. of Ixora coccinea var. coccinea as per POWO)
Ixora macrothyrsa
Ixora malabarica
Ixora monticola (syn. of Ixora ravikumarii Kottaim.)
Ixora nigricans
Ixora notoniana
Ixora polyantha
Ixora saulierei (syn. of Ixora notoniana Wall. ex G.Don as per POWO)
Ixora sivarajiana (syn. of Ixora notoniana Wall. ex G.Don as per POWO)
Ixora thwaitesii
Ixora undulata
Ixora williamsii (syn. of Ixora casei var. casei as per POWO)

From Floral Database of Tamilnadu :

Binomial

Habit

Notes

Ref.

Distrib.

Ixora brachiata Roxb. ex DC.	Tree	Western Ghats, Dry Deciduous to Moist Deciduous Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Coimbatore, Kanniya kumari, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli
Ixora coccinea L.	Shrub	Plains to Low Altitude, Cultivated	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	All districts
Ixora cuneifolia Roxb. ex DC.	Shrub	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Coimbatore
Ixora elongata Heyne ex G.Don.	Shrub	Western Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Coimbatore
Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex G.Don	Shrub	Plains, Cultivated, Native of Malaysian Region	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchchira ppalli
Ixora johnsoni Hook.f.	Under shrub	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	V. Bala subra maniam, G. Thiru maran & V.S. Rama chandran, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot – 29(2) 2005	Nilgiri
Ixora leucantha Heyne ex G. Don.	Shrub	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Tirunelveli
Ixora malabarica (Dennst.) Mabberley	Shrub	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Kanniya kumari, Tirunelveli
Ixora monticola Gamble	Shrub	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Theni
Ixora nigricans R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.	Tree	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Coimbatore, Kanniya kumari, Theni, Tirunelveli
Ixora notoniana Wall.ex G. Don.	Tree	Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	Coimbatore, Dindigul, Nilgiri, Theni
Ixora pavetta Andr.	Tree	Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests	Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987	All districts

FRLHT Indian Medicinal Plants Nomenclature Database with images/ herbarium, distribution, local names etc. :

Ixora acuminata ROXB. Ixora alba L.
Ixora arborea ROXB. EX J.E. SM. (syn. of Ixora pavetta Andr.) Ixora brunnescens KURZ
Ixora coccinea L. Ixora cuneifolia ROXB.
Ixora grandiflora Zoll. & Mor. (?) Ixora nigricans BR.
Ixora notoniana WALL. Ixora parviflora VAHL (syn. of Ixora pavetta Andr.)
Ixora pavetta ANDR. BOT. REPOS. Ixora polyantha WIGHT
Ixora subsessilis WALL. EX G.DON Ixora undulata ROXB.

Species with description & keys in Flora of Pakistan :
Ixora chinensis Lamk.
Ixora coccinea L.
Ixora fulgens Roxb.
Ixora pavetta Andr.
Ixora polyantha Wight
Ixora undulata Roxb.

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Species with distribution in annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal :
Ixora chinensis Lam.
Ixora undulata Roxb.

Gardening in India By George Marshall Woodrow, G Marshall (1999- Details-

Ixora acuminata Thwaites is a synonym of Ixora thwaitesii Hook.f.,

Ixora coccinea,

Ixora lanceolaria Colebr. (syn. of Ixora malabarica (Dennst.) Mabb.) &
Ixora macrothyrsa (Teijsm. & Binn.) T.Moore)

Floriculture in India By Gurcharan Singh Randhawa, Amitabha Mukhopadhyay (1986- p. 151- Brief details-

Ixora acuminata Thwaites is a synonym of Ixora thwaitesii Hook.f.,

Ixora armeniaca,

Ixora barbata Roxb. ex Sm.,

Ixora chinensis,

Ixora coccinea,

Ixora lutea Hutch. is a synonym of Ixora coccinea var. coccinea ,

Ixora fulgens,

Ixora macrothyrsa (Teijsm. & Binn.) T.Moore,

Ixora parviflora VAHL (syn. of Ixora pavetta Andr.)

Ixora singaporensis hort.,

Ixora splendida André,

Ixora undulata Roxb.,
Ixora venusta Bremek.)

Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary edited by C.P. Khare (2007- Details-

Ixora coccinea,

Ixora javanica (Blume) DC. &
Ixora pavetta)

An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995- Details with Keys–

Ixora coccinea,

Ixora finlaysoniana,

Ixora notoniana Wall. ex G.Don &
Ixora pavetta)

The Concise Flora of Singapore: Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons, Volume 1 edited by Hsuan Keng (1990-Details-

Ixora coccinea,

Ixora congesta Roxb.,

Ixora finlaysoniana,

Ixora grandiflora,
Ixora javanica (Blume) DC. ..)

A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon -, Volume 12 By M. D. Dassanayake (1998- Details with keys– Ixora calycina Thwaites,

Ixora coccinea,

Ixora jucunda Thwaites,

Ixora pavetta,
Ixora thwaitesii Hook.f.)

Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2000- Details with keys–

Ixora coccinea,

Ixora nigricans,
Ixora pavetta)

Species with description & pictures in Flowers of India as on 29.1.14:

Botanical name

Synonyms

Family

Common name

Ixora brachiata		Rubiaceae	Gorbale
Ixora chinensis		Rubiaceae	Chinese Ixora
Ixora coccinea		Rubiaceae	Ixora pink
Ixora coccinea		Rubiaceae	Ixora red
Ixora coccinea		Rubiaceae	Ixora yellow
Ixora elongata	Ixora pedunculata	Rubiaceae	Rosy Ixora
Ixora nigricans	Ixora affinis, Ixora arguta, Pavetta erubescens, Ixora plumea	Rubiaceae	Black Ixora
Ixora pavetta	Ixora arborea, Ixora parviflora, Ixora decipiens	Rubiaceae	Small Flowered Ixora
Ixora polyantha		Rubiaceae	Many-Flowered Ixora

Ixora : 1 post by 1 author.

I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Ixora

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

Any comments/ corrections are welcome

‎Ixora page (‎Rubiaceae‎) with images of species in efloraofindia : 2 posts by 1 author.

Pl. go through ‎Ixora page (‎Rubiaceae‎) with images of species in efloraofindia (done by me).

If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know.

If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), it will be really nice. Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.

Differences- Ixora pavetta and Ixora brachiata : 7 posts by 3 authors.

There is a lot of confusion between these species, including in our database.

I could not find any difference between the two on net.

After deeply studying all posts in efi site along with Biotik and Pitchandikulam, I found the following key differences to separate the two based on photographs:

Most important is buds are globose in Ixora brachiata and not so in Ixora pavetta.

Fruits are reddish when ripe in Ixora brachiata and black-coloured when ripe in Ixora pavetta.

Ixora brachiata is endemic to Western Ghats while Ixora pavetta is native to India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh and is also cultivated.

Based on this I am reviewing all the posts in efi site.

That is correct

quote ” buds are globose in Ixora brachiata”

yes, they over look like white matchstcks with those globular buds

http://www.biotik.org/india/species/i/ixorbrac/ixorbrac_10_en.html

Updated on December 24, 2024

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