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Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Observ. Naucl. Indic. 19 1839. (syn. Nauclea parvifolia Roxb.; Nauclea parvifolia Willd.; Stephegyne parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.);
. Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China: Andaman Is., Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Sri Lanka, West Himalaya as per POWO; .
my-tra-GY-na — from the Greek mitra (a turban or headdress) and gyne (ovary) par-vee-FOH-lee-uh — small leaves . commonly known as: kaim, water kadamba • Bengali: ধারাকদম্ব dharakadam, গুলিকদম্ব gulikadam • Gujarati: કલમ kalam • Hindi: गुरी guri, कैम kaim • Kannada: ನೀರ ಕದಮ್ಬ nira kadamba, ಸಣ್ಣ ಕದಮ್ಬ sanna kadamba • Malayalam: കതമമരം kathamamaram, നീര്ക്കടമ്പ് niirkkatamp, പൂച്ചക്കടമ്പ് puuccakkatamp, റോസ് കടമ്പ് roos katamp, വീമ്പ് viimp • Marathi: कळम kalam • Sanskrit: वितानः vitanah • Tamil: நிசுளம் niculam, நீர்க்கடம்பு nirkkatampu • Telugu: అజఘ్నము ajaghnamu, అంబుసారము ambusaramu, జలతుంబురు jalatumburu, నిరుకడము nirkadambu, ఋష్య rsya, తధిద్రుమ tadhidruma .. Medium size deciduous tree; leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, obovate, ovoid to almost orbicular, 6-12 cm long; stipules large, oblong or elliptic, glabrous above, hairy beneath along veins; petiole 5-18 mm long; flowers cream coloured or greenish, in globose 8-15 mm across heads on up to 12 mm long peduncle, head singly or in cluster of up to 5, each subtended by two bract-like leaves; calyx lobes minute with ciliate margin; corolla with 4-6 mm long tube, lobes half as long, throat hairy inside; style filiform, stigma mitriform (headgear); fruiting head fruiting head dry with aggregation of capsules. .
The leaves of Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdare heart shaped with long petiole, and crowded at the end of branches; flowers with pale yellowish lobes and pinkish tube..
un tree Hooghly 13/12/12 sk2: Attachments (7). 14 posts by 3 authors. This is a mid-size tree growing diagonally, possibly due to want of space, in an orchard.
Species : UNKNOWN
H & H : tree; leaves opposite; fruits (?) fig size
Date : 8/12/12, 10.03 a.m.
Place : Hooghly This is my favourite tree – Haldu [Haldina cordifolia]. Found flowers of Haldina cordifolia in the net, very much like Neolamarckia cadamba! You are most welcome. Some of my photographs are available at this link Feedback from … from another thread: “the same tree was identified as Haldina cordifolia – efi thread and has been placed under – https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m–-z/r/rubiaceae/haldina/haldina-cordifolia” (instead of Mitragyna parvifolia).
In view I shall be taking it as Mitragyna parvifolia unless l there is a feedback to the contrary. It is Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. The tree in the photographs I have opined on is Haldu [Haldina cordifolia]. Have plenty of trees of both Haldu and Kalamb [Mitragyna parviflora] in my forest at Shahapur and my photographs of both are available in the archives of this group. Here is one such link
I understand that these photos (in this post) are not sufficient to draw a conclusive id. So, i waited for the flowers. More so because at that time i also received a personal mail suggesting the id as Mitragyna. At the time of my 2nd post (efi thread) I noticed several of your uploads of Mitragyna in many posts, including in threads of other members. That is why i was more confused.
Finally, in my 3rd post i concluded, after finding these illustrations –
I found that these flowers are nicely scented. Can you please tell me if Haldina cordifolia flowers are also scented? Haldu flowers do have a scent, but they are not as aromatic as those of Kalamb. Flora Indica is silent on aroma of both the species, instead it stressed on the descriptions of wood. Am sending a few more recent photographs (5) of mine here and some of Haldu in a separate mail. Thank you very much …, found your Haldu – efi thread – great !
Tree for ID Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh NAW-OCT-04 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3).
Kindly identify this forest tree photographed in the Nallamalla Hills, in the Srisailam-Nagarjuna National Park on 2nd Oct 2014.
No flowers at this point of time. But reddish terminal leaf bud may be a characteristic feature. Leaves about 12-15 cm in length and 8 cm in width. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. , Nir kadambu
Anmod Ghat :: Mitragyna parvifolia :: DVFEB67/100 : 5 posts by 3 authors. 3 images. Oh! Wah!! What a unbelievable century. Thanks to the time I could get! Thoroughly enjoyed it. Lovely shots to complete a ton !
FLOWERS /PLANTS MENTIONED BY TAGORE IN HIS SONGS ( NEEPA -1 ) : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1) Is it Mitragyna parvifolia or Neolamarckia cadamba ? It is Mitragyna parvifolia. Tagore used three different names for KADAM in his songs. These are KADAM, KADAMBA and NIPA. In Bengal both Mitragyna parvifolia and Neolamarckia cadamba are commonly known as Kadam.
Tree for Id- ID 09042016 SH2 : 8 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1)
Tree for Id pl.
Location – Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary
Date – 26.3.2016
The closely parallel secondary venation of the leaves together with the infructescence pattern suggests Bridelia retusa of the Phyllanthaceae. However, the dried fruits on enlargement appear to be beset with small spinules. Hence this suggestion need not be taken for granted. An image with higher resolution will probably clarify the situation whether the fruits were drupaceous. The general appearance reminds me of Mitragyna parvifolia. Thanks … It may be Mitragyna parvifolia (kalam– कळम in Marathi) Adding two more images for confirmation. Off course not clicked on the same day but sure of the same tree i suppose. Yes …, these photos show Mitragyna parvifolia. Thanks … for confirmation. Yeah, I agree with …
MS/23/10/2016 – 4- Request for Id of a tree : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
Kindly identify the tree. It could be Mitragyna parvifolia. Photo taken in Mysore. Thanks, … I think you should be right. I also think it is Mitragyna parvifolia. Looks like Mitragyna parvifolia to me too
SK427 15MAR-2017:ID : 2 posts by 1 author. Attachments (3)
Location: Tal Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India
Date: 2 February 2016
Altitude: 600 ft.
Mitragyna parviflora Thank you for the ID …!
Tree for ID :: Devgad, Konkan, May 2017 :: ARKMAY13 : 10 posts by 6 authors. Attachments (4)
I saw this tree not far from a salt water creek near Devgad, MH in May 2017. Additional pics. Attachments (2) These appear to be the leaves of Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. [Rubiaceae]. Mitragyna tubulosa…. Mitragyna parvifolia to me. Often found in wet places and near creeks. Opposite leaves
Cuneate base
Seen here
28082017BHAR3 : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)
Found in a garden near Sriperumbudur, Chennai.
Mitragyna parvifolia, Rubiaceae Thank you very much. This tree is called Neer Kadamba in Tamil which is being compared and confused for the name ‘Cadamba’ or ‘kadamba’ with Neolamarckia cadamba and Barringtonia acutangula.
Cadamba or Kadamba is available in Tamil language which denotes Lord Murugan- Second son of Lord Shiva.
Neolamarckia cadamba is such a big tree which are available at hills where Lord Murugan resides.
Cadamba is skthala or sthala viruksham for murugan temples.
Plant from Jhalana Forest Jaipur: कळम Mitragyna parviflora
Rubiaceae – The correct name is Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. and not Mitragyna parviflora
Mitragyna parviflora: Mitragyna parviflora – Yes .., but a little correction. It is M. parvifolia (not parviflora). Nice photographs
Verditer Flycatcher on Mitragyna parvifolia: The Verditer Flycatcher (Eumyias thalassina) sitting on Mitragyna – Its simply awesome. Is it a visitor only or it feeds on the fruit of Mitragyna ? Because now a days its very important for us to know the interaction and linkage between plants and animals. In one of my study i have identified 36 species of plants whose fruits are used as food by the Giant squirrel in Karlapat wildlife sanctuary. – This is a flycatcher so its obvious it will feed on insects. They do come down during this season otherwise I have seen them in Askot. The present pic sud be some where around 300m asl.
Is this tree Haldina cordifolia? please confirm: Kindly identify this tree from Aarey milk colony.
Date/Time- 15/05/2011 02:45PM Location- Place, Altitude, GPS- Aarey Milk colony, Mumbai, Maharashtra. Altitude :Sea level Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type-: Wild Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- : Medium tree Height/Length- 30fts approx Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size- as seen in picture Inflorescence Type/ Size- as seen in picture Flowers Size/ Colour/ Calyx/ Bracts- as seen in picture Fruits Type/ Shape/ Size Seeds- as seen in picture Nice pictures of Mitragyna parvifolia. In Marathi it is called Kalam,, and Kadam is referred to Neolamarkia cadamba (which is found near water vicinity) Yes it is Mitragyna parvifolia. In Haldina cordifolia the leaves are larger (10-25 cm), almost orbicular and cordate at base.
ID request 25052011 PJ 1: Id requested for the following attachment.
Date/Time-: 08/05/11 – 16:45 Location- Place, Altitude – Kaiga , Uttar Kannada ,Karnataka, 380 mtrs Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- wild Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- tree Height/Length-10-12m Yes, it is Mitragyna parvifolia.
SYMBIOSIS: 1 correct images as above.
At this place there are only two trees of Mitragyna parvifolia (Kaim or Krishna Kadamba).They are in bloom now. Sending an image of Redbase Jezebel butterfly on the flower of this tree. You may like this. This butterfly has never been seen feeding on nectar of Mitragyna parvifolia before. Attaching an image of Grey pansy butterfly on the flowers of Plam Sp. You may like it. Heliconia is in bloom at Cooch Behar, at this time of the year. Butterflies like Common Fourring, Palm Fly, Common Baron etc visit this flower. Attaching an image where a female of Palm Fly is on Heliconia. You may like it. There is only one Chandan (Santalum album ) tree at Cooch Behar. The tree is in bloom and number of butterflies visit the small flowers of this tree. Attaching an image of Common Crow butterfly on the flowers of Chandan. You may like it.
Request ID GD 29042012: Sending this huge tree for ID. These pictures are taken today (April 29, Mitragyna parvifolia
Tree for ID : Mumbai : 231011 : AK-3: A tree found at Maharashtra Nature Park, Mumbai on the 22nd of Sept,11. Cultivated since all trees & plants there are specially planted.
A medium size tree having round fruits.
No flowers seen. look like Some Rubiaceae member, please provide more pictures.. This is a close up of the fruit.
Sorry not a good picture but may help. These were identified as the fruits of Mitragyna parvifolia by …, The Dy Director of MNP. Kaim is a tree native to India. Can be thought of the Indian cousin of the thai born Kratom (M. speciosa), more popular in the West. The Mitragyna genus is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia and Africa.
Asian species of Mitragyna are often found in rainforests, while the African species are often found in swamps.
Mitragyna species are used medicinally as well as for their fine timber throughout the areas they grow.
Kaim reaches heights of 50 feet with a branch spread of over 15 feet. The stem is erect and branching. Flowers are yellow and grow in ball-shaped clusters. The flowers are very fragrant, and remind one of the better known Kadam flowers. Leaves are a dark green in color, smooth, rounded in shape, and opposite in growth pattern.
Ref. Flowers of India
Very nice big tree. Thanks for sharing. Thanks …,
Wiki has the following page. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitragyna_parviflora
Are they different?
SYMBIOSIS : 183: Attaching an image of Redbase Jezebel butterfly on the flower of Mitragyna parvifolia. This is a type of KADAM which is not very common at this place. The common species available here is Neolamarckia cadamba.
SYMBIOSIS 184: Attaching an image of a diurnal Moth on the flower of Mitragyna parvifolia. I am not sure about the identity of the Moth. I have seen the same moth on some other flwers also, during day time. Nice photograph ! The moth is Dysphania militaris.
for ID 240811 BRS1: Pl. confirm the id. of the photo attached herewith. I think, it is Adina cordifolia of Rubiaceae. Why not Neolamarckia cadamba? I too agree with … this is most probably Neolamarckia cadamba of Rubiaceae family. Neolamarckia cadamba can be the right choice as far as the leaf shape is concerned (most visible leaves are without a cordate or heart shaped base) but the red flowers point away from Neolamarckia. it is a character of Adina cordifolia. yes Neolamarckia cadamba,, Even i feel it is Kadamba It appears to be Nauclea purpurea Roxb. (Nauclea elliptica Bedd.) In absense of information in the required format it can be guessed to be Ochreinauclea missionis or Neonauclea purpurea. The location details would have ruled out Kadamba. Looking at the (longer) length I feel it is Mitragyna parvifolia. [Kalam in Marathi.] Or Anthocephalus kadamba [Kadamb in Marathi.] Leaves can help to confirm ID. I have notice that tree in Coimbatore. Shortly I will upload the picture for id. confirmation. ………………….. I don’t know how the two plants got mixed up The plant originally uploaded by … on 24-8-2011 is clearly Mitragyna parvifolia with narrower leaves, cuneate at base. It can’t be Anthocephalus cadamba (Neolamarckia cadamba) as stigma is much larger and more so dried shrunk fruits on the left of the photograph can be seen (they are fleshy in Anthocephalus).
………………………………..
Mitragyna parvifolia / Kaim tree – Flora of Madhya Pradesh: Sharing this –Mitragyna parvifolia ( Rubiaceae ) or Kalam tree from Jungle of Chikhral, Betul, MP. Yes Mitragyna parvifolia… earlier i confused it with Adina cordifolia because of the similarity in inflorescence and overall looks of bark and tree canopy but the obvious point is ‘cordifolia’ which i missed while getting confused on them….. Yes, this is Mitragyna parvifolia, …..and I have a notion that the plant associated with Lord Krishna- the Kadamb is Anthocepahlus cadamba, not this one. Yes, agree wid … dat Neolamarckia cadamba or Anthocephalus cadamba or indicus are associated with Lord Krishna.
Rubiaceae Week :: Mitragyna parvifolia in northern Western Ghats: Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. my-tra-GY-na — from the Greek mitra (a turban or headdress) and gyne (ovary) again a beautiful and complete set
Rubiaceae Week: Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. from Delhi: Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Observ. Naucl. Indic. 19 1839 syn: Nauclea parvifolia Roxb.; Stephegyne parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.
Medium size deciduous tree; leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, obovate, ovoid to almost orbicular, 6-12 cm long; stipules large, oblong or elliptic, glabrous above, hairy beneath along veins; petiole 5-18 mm long; flowers cream coloured or greenish, in globose 8-15 mm across heads on up to 12 mm long peduncle, head singly or in cluster of up to 5, each subtended by two bract-like leaves; calyx lobes minute with ciliate margin; corolla with 4-6 mm long tube, lobes half as long, throat hairy inside; style filiform, stigma mitriform (headgear); fruiting head fruiting head dry with aggregation of capsules.
Commonly planted along roadsides, almost common on Ridge. Photographed from old Delhi Ridge.
sharing the images of Mytragyna parviflora taken from Ranpur
Name: Mytragyna parviflora
Family: rubiaceae
Habit: Tree
Habitat: Wild, near stream bed
Place of collection: Ranpur, Nayagarh, Odisha Yes …, This is very nice. I think the spelling should be Mitragyna One more Superb set of Pics It is parvifolia and not parviflora Thanks a lot Sir for correcting me. . Rubiaceae Week:: Mitragyna parvifolia- at Nagpur: Flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia. Excellent flowers and great photography.
Rubiaceae Week: 12022012 BS-2 Mitragyna ?? from Morni Hills: Mitragyna ?? from Morni Hills
can this Wildly growing tree be Mitragyna parvifolia??
Only fruits can be seen
pls validate Yes …, Mitragyna parviflora. . Rubiaceae Week : Mitragyna parvifolia Pune.: Mitragyna parvifolia Superb catch … All ur snaps with flash are rocking.
Hooghly : Mitragyna parviflora? or Haldina cordifolia? : Attachments (7 + 1+ 14). 10 posts by 4 authors.
These photos were recorded on 17/4/13, in Hooghly. Should be Mitragyna. It will be flowering around now. It is Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (Rubiaceae). Yes Mitragyna parvifolia (Not parviflora) Thank you very much Madam for the ID. If Mitragyna parvifolia is the accepted name for Nauclea parvifolia, Roxburgh writes, “….. flowers during the cold season….” On the other hand FoP informs flowers from April to October – http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220008667. …,
flowers terminal ——- Nauclea parvifolia
flowers axillary —— N. cordifolia
Attaching one more photo of the same tree. I have recorded more picture (14) today. Beautiful pictures!! Thank you …, but i am still confused. Mitragyna parviflora. Thank you Madam, it is not Haldina cordifolia. Enclosing few pics. (5). May be helpful to differentiate. Thank you very much Sir. I find it easier to differentiate both the species based on stigma and calices. . Adina cordifolia : 5 posts by 5 authors. Can anyone please tell the difference between Haldina cordifolia (=Adina cordifolia) and Mitragyna parviflora ? the obvious difference is The leaves of Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdare heart shaped with long petiole, and crowded at the end of branches; flowers with pale yellowish lobes and pinkish tube.. Haldina cordifolia was originally described by William Roxburgh which is characteristic by the orbicular -cordate leaves, orbicular-oblong stipules, yellow flowers and very peculiar calyx, which are 5-lobed.
Mitragyna parviflora also described by Roxburgh remarkably different from Haldinia cordifolia by the presence of 2 linear-oblong reduced leaves at the base of flower head, obovate stipules, entire calyx limb etc. Leaves are highly variable in later from orbicular, oblong,ovate or cordate hence are not a reliable character for species delimitation. Both have ball like flowers, resembling Kadamba flower. Arguably Mitragyna parviflora is the real Kadamba associated with Krishna lore. It is native to dry rocky areas of Mathura-Vrindavan. Have leaves which resemble Mahua leaves. Kadamba has more beautiful leaves. Mitragyna flowers are fragrant. I dont know about Haldu. Pictures of Haldina and Mitragyna leaves. This is the final upload of this tree – http://www.plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=675592. Earlier posts : –
Lovely capture, excellent presentation … all your uploads are really wonderful Great capture of two forms of Common Mime butterfly nectaring on the flowers. The brown one is mimic of Common Indian Crow butterfly in Common Mimes’ Clytia form & the other one – Common Mimes’ dissimilis forms mimics Blue Tiger butterfly… The oozing tree sap often attracts Blue Oak Leaf butterfly. Also this is the larval host plant of Commander butterfly. … thnx for sharing all superb photographs…
First one is of Mitragyna parvifolia and the second one is of Neolamarckia cadamba/ Mitrgyna parvifolia.
Dr. 31.7.2018
Very nice flowers of Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale (= Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f.), timber tree, holy tree, wood yellowish
Thanks, …, for the initial id.
I think more closer to Mitragyna parvifolia than Adina cordifolia as per images, keys and details herein.
Attaching a collage of Red base Jezebel visiting flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia (KAIM/ GULIKADAM).
Attaching a collage of Red spot Jezebel visiting flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia.
Attaching a collage of Blue Tiger visiting flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia.
SYMBIOSIS : 1221 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Attaching a collage of Common Bottle blue visiting flowers of Mitrgyna parvifolia.
Mitragyna parvifolia from Panjab University, Chandigarh : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (6)
Here am uploading some images of Mitragyna parvifolia (Rubiaceae) taken from Panjab University, Chandigarh in June 2018. very nicely done. i wish every body would follow your example. but you know what would make your cases as real examples to others? if you would also show the habit of the whole plant/ tree and habitat that would be wonderful.
SYMBIOSIS : 1241 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
SYMBIOSIS : 1265 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Attaching an image of Tailed Jay visiting flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia. (KAIM/ GULI KADAM/ KRISHNA KADAM)
SYMBIOSIS : 1264 : 4 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1)
Attaching a collage of Plain Tiger visiting flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia (KAIM/ GULI KADAM/ KRISHNA KADAM)
SYMBIOSIS : 1263 : 4 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1)
Attaching a collage of Striped Tiger visiting flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia (KAIM/ GULIKADAM/ KRISHNA-KADAM).
SYMBIOSIS : 1267 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Attaching a collage of Arctid moth visiting flowers of Mitragyna parvifolia (KAIM/ GULI KADAM/ KRISHNA KADAM)
PREFERENCE OF BUTTERFLIES: ( MITRAGYNA PARVIFOLIA /NEOLAMACKIA CADAMBA ) : 3 posts by 3 authors. 1 correct image as above.
I am observing visiting butterflies on different flowers for last few years. I am not sure what triggers butterflies towards a particular flower.
Is it the size ? (Probably not, tiny flowers of Satalum album attracts many butterfly species where as Sunflower attracts hardly any). Is it the colour of a flower ? (Rose attracts hardly any, whereas Murraya paniculata attracts many). Is it the fragrance ? (Not very sure. Flowers of Alstonia scholaris with strong smell attracts less number of species in comparison to the flowers of Santalum album which does not have appreciable smell)
Both Mitragyna parvifolia (KAIM / KRISHNA KADAM) and Neolamarckia cadamba (KADAM) blooms at this time of the year. The former is inferior in look and fragrance. But it attracts more species of butterflies in comparison. Attaching two images of Red base Jezebel visiting both these flowers. A serious student of zoology/ botany may like to find out.
                                                 
Mitragyna parviflora – efloraofindia | Google Groups       Mitragyna parvifolia :: Nagla block of SGNP :: 21 DEC 19 : 1 post by 1 author. 5 images.
Nagla forest … part of Sanjay Gandhi National Park Date: December 21, 2019 … Altitude: sea level to about 600 ft asl
Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.
. Mitragyna Species?: 2 images.
There are two trees under observation. I presume both are Mitragyna. Kindly identify the species. The first one is Kadamba tree. I mean the first half of your first photograph. The right half is Mitragyna species. My above comments refer to first (left) photograph (combo): Kadamba on left side and Mitragyna on the right side Leaves undulate, inflorescence more than 2 cm dia. …….. Neolamarkiana cadamba . [2023/Jan/08 ART 2] ID request: 7 images. Date: 2023/Jan/07
Location: Kolavai Lake Surroundings, Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu (Avenue Tree)
May I know the species of this tree? Mitragyna parvifana Yes, as per images at please read as M. parvifolia . Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. :: Virar, Thane :: Apr 1, 2007 · JUN23 DV493: 2 images. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.
Virar, Thane :: Apr 1, 2007 · 4:31 PM IST :: about 54 m (177 ft) asl
Many thanks to Nimitha R and Bharat Godambe for validating the ID at iNaturalist . Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.: 11 high res. images. Location: Kalimati Kalche Road, Surkhet, West Nepal
Date: 30 May 2023
Elevation 700m.
Habit : Wild . Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.: 8 very high res. images. Location: Dhekari Chowk, Kapilvastu, Nepal
Date: 30 May 2023
Elevation 100m.
Habit : Wild .
Rubiaceae: Mitragyna parvifolia Korth.: 1 image.
synonyms: Stephegyne parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Nauclea parvifolia Roxb.
location/date: Barha, Jabalpur Distr., Madhya Pradesh, October 1994
. References:
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