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Phyllanthus simplex Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 29. 1789; Müll.Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15(2): 391. 1866; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 295. 1887; Gamble, Fl. Madras 2(7): 1289. 1925 (repr. ed. 2: 902. 1957). Macraea oblongifolia Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5(2): 27, t. 1902, f. 1. 1852. Phyllanthus simplex var. oblongifolius (Wight) Müll.Arg. in Linnaea 32: 32. 1863 & in DC., Prodr. 15 (2): 391. 1866; Hook.f., l. c. 295. 1887. P. virgatus auct. non G.Forst., 1786: Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr. in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 9: 98. 1992.;
. Tropical & Subtropical Asia to Pacific: Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Fiji, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Marianas, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Niue, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., South Australia, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Western Australia as per POWO (Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.); . Common name: Seed Under Leaf, Virgate leaf-flower • Manipuri: ꯅꯣꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯡ Nongkhrang Asm.: Bon-babri; Guj.: Motibhonyaanmali; Mar.: Bhuiavali; Sans.: Tandameral; Tel.: Uchchiyusirika. .
Herbs, annual or perennial, up to 20 cm high.
Fl. & Fr. – Jan. – Dec.
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Common weed in waste places, cultivated fields, roadsides, riverbanks, grasslands, forest undergrowth, up to 1500 m altitude; almost throughout the country including Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
. Distrib. India; Sri Lanka (and India) to SE. Asia, S. China, Indo-China and Malesia.
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Webster (in Pacific Science 40: 94. 1986) indicates that the populations in Asian regions including India and Sri Lanka are P. simplex Retz. and separable from P. virgatus which appear to be restricted to Pacific Islands. P. simplex has strongly papillate ovaries and entire female disc, whereas P. virgatus has smooth ovaries and irregularly dissected female disc.
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Phyllanthus simplex : Attachments (1). 2 posts by 2 authors.
. 30072013 BRS 492 : Attachments (2). 4 posts by 4 authors. Date: 30.07.2013
Location: Adyar, Chennai
Habitat: Urban
Habit: Herb. phylanthus This looks like Phyllanthus virgatus Phyllanthus virgatus
Phyllanthus sp. for ID: AVD01 – 04082013 : Attachments (1- 4 MB +1). 3 posts by 2 authors.
Need help in identifying the attached Phyllanthus sp.
Apologies for posting such a bad image. But this is what I could manage.
Following are the details.
Habit: Herb
Overall plant height : 30 cm
Leaves: oblong, elliptic, rounded at apex, sub-sessile, glabrous, 1.5 x 0.5 cm
Pedicels 1 cm long, solitary, axillary
Calyx: 6 segments – with distinct white margins
Fruits : globose,
Seeds: black, trigonous
Almost all details match with P.maderapatensis except for the pedicel length. Sorry for sending a heavy attachment with previous post. Attached herewith please find the re-sized image. Phyllanthus virgatus (= P. simplex), I suppose.
Euphorbiaceae Fortnight: Phyllanthaceae : Phyllanthus simplex ::AVD01 : Attachments (9). 1 post by 1 author.
Phyllanthus simplex synonym Phyllanthus virgatus.
Leaves: oblong, elliptic, 1.2 cm x 0.7 cm almost Sessile Male flowers: extremely minute, sessile, axillary, yellowish white
Pedicels of flowers shorter than fruit pedicels.
Calyx: 6 segments, segments with white margins
fruits: pedicels : 1 cm long, fruits globose, distinctly 3 lobed, very smooth.
Thank you … for identifying this in earlier post. . Euphorbiaceae fortnight :: Phyllanthaceae :: Phyllanthus virgatus in Mumbai :: DV69 : 4 images. 5 posts by 3 authors.
Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.
in Goregaon on 25 AUG 08 Webster (in Pacific Science 40: 94. 1986) indicates that the populations in Asian regions including India and Sri Lanka are P. simplex Retz. and separable form P. virgatus which appear to be restricted to Pacific Islands. P. simplex has strongly papillate ovaries and entire female disc, whereas P. virgatus has smooth ovaries and irregularly dissected female disc. OK … Will make change to name the plant as Phyllanthus simplex Retz.
Thank you very much for the clarity.
EUPHORBIACEAE FORTNIGHT: Phyllanthus maderaspatensis from Uttarakhand_DSR_44 : Attachments (1). 3 posts by 2 authors.
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. is an occasional wild herb in Pantnagar. No. It is Phyllanthus simplex.
Euphorbiaceae Fortnight :Phyllanthus virgatus from Chennai BRS 006: Attachments (2). 3 posts by 2 authors.
Sharing the images of Phyllanthus virgatus from Adyar, Chennai. Phyllanthus simplex.
Euphorbiaceae fortnight :: Phyllanthus virgatus at Matheran Base:: PKA28: : Attachments (4). 3 posts by 2 authors.
Phyllanthus virgatus at Matheran Base. Phyllanthus simplex. Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.
Synonym: P. simplex Retz.
PS: Note the variation(?) in number of flowers per leaf axil. Collected from: The plant in the first 3 pics was collected in Orissa and the last 2 pics were shot at Tirunelveli, TN. I hope they belong to the same species. Webster (in Pacific Science 40: 94. 1986) indicates that the populations in Asian regions including India and Sri Lanka are P. simplex Retz. and separable from P. virgatus which appear to be restricted to Pacific Islands. P. simplex has strongly papillate ovaries and entire female disc, whereas P. virgatus has smooth ovaries and irregularly dissected female disc.
The first three photos are an unnamed variety. Thanks a lot … for the information and your expert opinion.
It is very interesting!
EUPHORBIACEAE FORTNIGHT:: Phyllanthus for id from Chakrata NS-62 : Attachments (6). 3 posts by 2 authors. Phyllanthus simplex.
Euphorbiaceae fortnight : Attachments (2). 1 post by 1 author.
Fwd: [efloraofindia:181638] help identification, collected from coimbatore on 13-9-13 PJ 3 : 4 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3).
Kindly help identification, collected from coimbatore on 13-9-13. I think Phyllanthus sp.. Probably Phyllanthus virgatus? Kindly consider Phyllanthus simplex here, as per Flora of India Volume 23. Habit: Herb
Habitat: Wild Location: Rajshashi Date: 27.6.2014
Phyllanthus simplex.
This seems to be Phyllanthus virgatus. Nice photos of typical Phyllanthus simplex.
Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst. from Assam KD 02 Sept. : 4 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (8).
Attached images may be Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.. Please validate.
Date :31.08.2014
Location: Assam
Family :Euphorbiaceae
Genus& species : Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.
Habitat: Grows wild on side of the ditches
Habit : Herb, prostrate on the ground Phyllanthus simplex. Thank you very much Sir for validation. I hope Phyllanthus simplex Retz. is a synonym of Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst. (According to The Plant list) No, Please have a look at Fl. of India Volume 23. Phyllanthus virgatus does not occur in India at all. It is a Pacific species.
Herb for ID Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu NAW-OCT-28 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4). Phyllanthus virgatus (= P. simplex).
Nelliyampathy, Kerala
November 2014 Phyllanthus simplex? can p simplex be identified without microscopic exam, without any doubt? The long fruiting pedicels bending downwards and the minutely tuberculate capsules are sufficient to identify Phyllanthus simplex.
ID0912122010 – efloraofindia | Google Groups
Phyllanthus species for ID from Karnal, Haryana-GS06012020-1 : 11 posts by 5 authors. Attachments (3) …, most probably Phyllanthus virgatus. Let us wait for validating comment(s). This and one from Chikmagalur , both look to me as Phyllanthus virgatus. (Or should we say P. simplex ?) Thanks …, … has confirmed that two are now conspecific. Four members have confirmed P. virgatus. Not represented in our database.
P. simplex if considered distinct from P. virgatus. Catalogue of Life considers it synonym P. virgatus proper. So does World Flora Online (New version of TPL). Also eFlora of China Webster (in Pacific Science 40: 94. 1986) indicates that the populations in Asian regions including India and Sri Lanka are P. simplex Retz. and separable from P. virgatus which appear to be restricted to Pacific Islands.P. simplex has strongly papillate ovaries and entire female disc, whereas P. virgatus has smooth ovaries and irregularly dissected female disc.
Phyllanthus simplex Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 29. 1788; Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 69. 1814 & Fl. Ind. 3: 654. 1832. Type citation: “E Tranquebaria mi Sit Honor, KÖNIG.” Type (lectotype, designated by Fischer, 1932: 65): India, Koenig s.n. (LD1742457!). Syntypes: India, Koenig s.n. (C10011341!, C10011342!, C10011343!). Distribution: Sri Lanka and India to SE Asia, S China and Malesia (in Melanesia intergrading with P. virgatus G. Forst.).
Recently Verwijs et al. (2019: 247) applied a wide concept and treated P. simplex as well as P. narayanswamii Gamble, a South Indian endemic as synonyms of the Pacific species P. virgatus G.Forst., though resorting to a narrow concept in maintaining P. gardnerianus (Wight) Baill. as a closely allied distinct species. I have, however, followed here the concept of Webster (1986: 94–95, 1997: 213) who considered P. simplex as a distinct species differing from P. virgatus in the in the larger seeds, longer fruiting pedicels, papillate ovaries and undissected disc of female flowers. In this context, it may be mentioned that recent collections of P. narayanswamii are now available (Satish & Rao, 2019: 20) which show that P. narayanswamii is different and distinct from P. simplex in the relatively broader coriaceous leaves, slightly thickened along margins and the lateral nerves being much stronger and conspicuously raised on the undersurface. In these characters, P. narayanswamii apporoaches closer to P. gardnerianus which, however, does not exhibit such strong lateral venation of the leaves and therefore it seems possible that these two species may ultimately be united, at least as varieties, when further gatherings are made available. The publication of Werwijs et al. is attached herewith.
Attachments (1)- 1 mb- phyllanthus_subg_macraea_1572009943498
. Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forst.: 3 very high res. images. Location: Surkhet, West Nepal
Altitude: 438m.
Date: 28 August 2021
Habit : Wild Nice upload ! This is a common weed around my house. previously Phyllanthus simplex, now Cathetus simplex. I could not open the file you have sent earlier regarding name change of this family.
Let us try to get a PDF of this path breaking research published in Phytotaxa, 540(1). 2022.
Typical Phyllanthus is shown to be a native of tropical America. .
Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.: 1 image.
location/date: Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, October 1994 . References:
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