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Solanum viarum Dunal , Prodr. 13(1): 240 240 1852. (Syn: Solanum chloranthum DC.; Solanum khasianum var. chatterjeeanum Sengupta; Solanum reflexum Schrank; Solanum viridiflorum Ruiz & Pav.);
. S. Tropical America to N. Argentina: Argentina Northeast, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay; Introduced into: Assam, East Himalaya, Honduras, India, KwaZulu-Natal, Myanmar, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Vietnam, Zaïre as per POWO; .
Tropical soda apple, Sodom apple;
. The species is distinct from other woody species of the genus in its medium sized white flowers with narrow corolla lobes about 8-10 mm long, flowers 1-5 in a cluster and 2-3 cm across pale yellow berries. The prickles are of two types: most on the stem with broad base curved at tip and up to 5 mm long. and some needle like straight prickles. In addition the surface of leaf along the veins is covered with straight long prickles up to 2 cm long.
The leaves are sometimes in unequal pairs, irregular-lobed with 3-5 rounded lobes, lobes usually reaching middle or so, glandular and stellate hairy. The flowers cluster is borne on a short cluster, usually on under side. Usually only one flower in the cluster matures into a 2-4 cm long berry, mostly pale yellow in colour. . Somewhat similar to S. capsicoides (syn: S. aculeatissimum) in longer prickles, but latter has much more longer prickles often reaching 2 cm and much less hairy leaves often lustrous in appearance, berries yellow (S. aculeatissimum) or orange red (S. capsicoides (s. str.). S. viarum has typically young berries with white and green patches, mature yellow, leaves much densely hairy, and shorter mixed straight and curved prickles.
This tropical soda apple, a native of America is becoming common in many parts of the world ascending in Himalayas to 2600 m.
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With the merger of Solanum aculeatissimum with S. capsicoides (as per Kew Plant list) the latter species can now have both pale yellow, orange red or red fruits even in ripe stage. What I know about these two (when they were considered separate species) that their leaves are more greener, somewhat shining and prickles are much longer (up to 2 cm long as against only 5 mm long in S. viarum).
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Solanum viarum Solanum anguivi
Prickcle on stem recurved or needle-like prickles up to 10 mm long,
up to 5 mm long slightly recurved or erect
Petiole 3-7 cm, with flat straight prickles Petiole up to 2.5 cm,
Leaves unequal pairs, 3-5 lobed Leaves oblong-ovate, repand
Flowers in 1-5 fld racemes Flowers 4-15, in extraaxillary cymes,
white or green flowers bluish-purple
Berry glabrous, pale yellow, 2-3 cm Berry glabrous, yellow, 8-10 mm
.
Thorny Solanum shrub for ID :: MK007 SEP2016 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (7)
Please help in identification of this prickly Solanum species. It is seen on the floor of Deciduous forests and the shrub is slightly scandant.
Location: Mudumalai TR, Nilgiris, TN
Elev.: 900 m asl
Date: 10 August 2016
Solanum viarum.. . Solanum viarum Dunal ?? : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)
Location: Godawari, Nepal
Altitude: 5000 ft.
Date: 10 January 2017
Attachments (2)
Solanum viarum Dunal ?? : 4 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)
Location: Godawari, Nepal
Altitude: 5000 ft.
Date: 10 January 2017
I also think matches with images at Solanum viarum Thank you …! Nepali Name : बन भाण्टा Ban Bhaantaa
Solanaceae Week: Solanum viarum from Manipur: Your plant looks much different from S. viarum uploaded by me and by … Yours has much longer prickles and importantly more greener and less hairy leaves. Could we consider S. capsicoides (incl. aculeatissimum which has pale yellow fruits). S. aculeatissimum looks very different, espl. the stems densely clothed with purple spines. There is a lot of similarity between the pictures uploaded by me and that is uploaded by … To me it looks like Solanum viarum. It can not be Solanum capsicoides because, the ripe fruit of Solanum capsicoide turns slightly yellow before turning red. Whereas the fruits in the pictures uploaded by … is purely yellow. Moreover my picture of Solanum capsicoides has more densely covered spines. Thanks for sharing the information. With the merger of Solanum aculeatissimum with S. capsicoides (as per Kew Plant list) the latter species can now have both pale yellow, orange red or red fruits even in ripe stage. What I know about these two (when they were considered separate species) that their leaves are more greener, somewhat shining and prickles are much longer (up to 2 cm long as against only 5 mm long in S. viarum). Let us explore this further. I have yet to change my information in the website where S. capsicoides and S. aculeatissimum are treated as separate. The fruits of S capsicoides first of all turn reddish yellow and later turn into red as it fully ripens. If you go through my uploading last year, you will see the pictures posted from time to time as it matures and ripens. The same fruit turns first into yellow and then as it ripens it turns into red gradually. Next, I have uploaded pictures of S Viarum that has prickles that are around 12 mm and more. If it is ok, I will upload some more pictures of S. Viarum in this thread. Solanum viarum from me too. It is Solanum Viarum, Solanum torvum is much smaller. about 10 or 12 mm in diameter, this is at least 25 mm. Solanum torvum do is light green and does not have the lines on the raw fruit. Moreover, the leaves do not have such long and sharp spines on them. Yes Solanum viarum
Solanaceae Week: Solanum aculeatissimum PKFEB05/05 : 5 posts by 5 authors. Attachments (3) Thanks for this upload, … Nice pictures. Helpful to know that this plant and S. viarum have similar variegation on fruit. Resembles Solanum viarum very closely..
Solanum Viarum : Date & Time 22 October 2010 -In Malayalam we call it “Kattuvazuthana” meaning wild brinjal. –Solanum viarum (syn: Solanum khasianum Cl. var. chatterjeanum S. Gupta): TROPICAL SODA APPLE—Small shrub with glandular hairs; prickles up to 5 mm long, curved as well straight; infl 1-5 fld, peduncle reduced; corolla white; berry pale yellow, 2-3 cm across. Link -Here is some characters of S. viarum from Flora of china:
armed with recurved prickles 2-5 × 1-5(-8) mm and sometimes with needlelike prickles 1-4 mm……..Corolla white or green…………………pale yellow, globose, 2-3 cm in diam.
Even the key in Flora of China separates S. viarum and other species on the basis of pale yellow fruit.
There are numerous photographs on net with pale yellow fruits, none with red
Floridas nature -Nomenclature of this plant was discussed by Prof. Babu. A perusal of these papers may help further – Babu & Hepper. 1978. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Solanum khasianum and some of its relatives. Kew Bull. 34:409.
Bot. name: Solanum viarum (syn. = Solanum khasianum) – Solanum khasianum is synonym of S. capsicoides (incl. S. acutissimum)
Solanaceae Fortnight:: Solanum viarum-NS Feb 53/53 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (5)
This sub-erect to spreading species of Solanum was recorded from Chakrata, Uttarakhand and Morni Hills, Haryana..
Solanum viarum…
Solanaceae Fortnight : Solanum viarum : Munnar : 26FEB15 : AK-40 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (2)
ID Please : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
Kindly help me identification of Solanum L. species. Solanum species in eFloraofindia (with details/ keys from published papers/ regional floras/ FRLHT/ FOI/ Biotik/ efloras/ books etc., where ever available) It should be Solanum viarum Dunal as per KEY in our database. Please check the distribution of the species in Rajasthan. . Solanaceae Week: Solanum viarum from Kullu-Manali:
Solanum viarum Dunal in A. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 240. 1852. syn: Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke var. chatterjeeanum Sen Gupta. This tropical soda apple, a native of America is becoming common in many parts of the world ascending in Himalayas to 2600 m.
Somewhat similar to S. capsicoides (syn: S. aculeatissimum) in longer prickles, but latter has much more longer prickles often reaching 2 cm and much less hairy leaves often lustrous in appearance, berries yellow (S. aculeatissimum) or orange red (S. capsicoides (s. str.). S. viarum has typically young berries with white and green patches, mature yellow, leaves much densely hairy, and shorter mixed straight and curved prickles.
Photographed from Kullu and Manali in October, 2009.
Soalnaceae Week- Solanum viarum from Morni Hills:
Solanaceae Week: Solanum viarum from Morni Hill tract:
Solanum viarum Dunal, A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1):240. 1852 syn: Solanum khasianum var. chatterjeeanum Sengupta The morni trip helped me to understand Solanum viarum more closely, a plant on which there has been considerable discussion on our group.
The species is distinct from other woody species of the genus in its medium sized white flowers with narrow corolla lobes about 8-10 mm long, flowers 1-5 in a cluster and 2-3 cm across pale yellow berries.
The prickles are of two types: most on the stem with broad base curved at tip and up to 5 mm long. and some needle like straight prickles. In addition the surface of leaf along the veins is covered with straight long prickles up to 2 cm long.
The leaves are sometimes in unequal pairs, irregular-lobed with 3-5 rounded lobes, lobes usually reaching middle or so, glandular and stellate hairy
The flowers cluster is borne on a short cluster, usually on under side. Usually only one flower in the cluster matures into a 2-4 cm long berry, mostly pale yellow in colour.
The plant was found growing at altitude of about 700 m in the Morni Hill tract.
Kalatope id al190611a: Location Kalatope, Chamba
Altitude 2100 mts Habit herb Habitat wild Plant Height 16-18 inches I think Solanum viarum . Solanaceae Week- Solanum viarum- PKA2:
Bot. name: Solanum viarum (syn. = Solanum khasianum) Common name: Tropical Soda Apple Location: near Ramghal (Helwak region), Maharashtra . Solanum khasianum is synonym of S. capsicoides (incl. S. acutissimum)
The synonym of S. viarum Dunal is Solanum khasianum var. chatterjeeanum
Sengupta <http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29603737> It is Kachri or makoi.
Pl. find the attached file contain photos for id. request.
Date/Time-Location- 06.10.2011, Munnar
Place, Altitude, GPS- The Lakkom Falls, (Approx. 1600 MSL)
Habitat- Wild
Plant Habit- Shrub Perhaps flowers would help, but tentatively Solanum viarum
Solanum for identification 100812MK01: Please help me to identify this Solanum shrub. It is found as a weed in tea estates in valparai region of western ghats. The shrub is about one metre high.
Leaves: 15-20cm longer; prickles in veins; young prickles broader at base but mature ones not
Flower: white; 2.5cm across
Fruit: 5-6cm across; yellow when mature
Date: 28 July 2012
Place: Valparai, TN
Habitat: open fallow land and also near forest edge
Alt.: 1080 m asl I hope Solanum viarum /species/m—z/s/solanaceae/solanum May i know how Solanum khasianum C.B.Clarke differ from Solanum viarum ?? since in your provided link there is no key for identity of S.Khasianum and S.aculeatissimum???? Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke is synonym of Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Thanks … for reminding me In fact this part of the key needs some changes. Recently I photographed S. chrysotrichum, (often confused with S. hispidum) from Pathankot. I would soon be adding both to the key.
VoF Week: Solanum virum from Govindghat Fhngriya trek: Yes … Nice photographs.
ID request-260212-PKA1 : Attachments (6). 2 posts by 2 authors.
Seen this Solanaceae sp. along the road side at Anshi WLS, Karnataka. Could this be Solanum viarum?? I think yes Solanum viarum
Solanum viarum Dunal from Kamrup district, Assam : Attachments (6). 2 posts by 2 authors.
Attached images are Solanum viarum Dunal collected from Kamrup district, Assam
Date : 24.06.2013
Location: Kamrup district
Family : Solanaceae
Genus & species :Solanum viarum Dunal
Habitat: Grows wild .
Habit : under shrub
Flower : white
Fruits :Green with white patches( when young), Yellow when ripe Very well illustrated upload
Solanum For ID : Uttarakhand : 240413 : AK-3 : Attachments (1). 8 posts by 4 authors.
Solanum plant with spikes and yellow fruit growing wild in the Nainital area. Picture taken on 23/3/13. Kindly id. Can be Solanum incanum.. Solanum incanum found in Oman looks very different. Solanum viarum, one of the most common shrubby Solanum with straight prickles, white flowers, and mottled green pods turning yellow when mature and 2-3 cm in diameter. Thanks a lot for identifying my Solanum from Uttarakhand. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Solanum viarum to me. It seems Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. (= Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke) Solanum khasianum This is Solanum viarum Dunal .. for sure, I agree with …
No doubt, as … said, this is also known as… Solanum khasianum var. chatterjeeanum Sengupta
Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum viarum from Kullu-Manali-GSFEB07/09 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)
Solanum viarum Dunal in A. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 240. 1852. syn: Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke var. chatterjeeanum Sen Gupta.
This tropical soda apple, a native of America is becoming common in many parts of the world ascending in Himalayas to 2600 m. Somewhat similar to S. capsicoides (syn: S. aculeatissimum) in longer prickles, but latter has much more longer prickles often reaching 2 cm and much less hairy leaves often lustrous in appearance, berries yellow (S. aculeatissimum) or orange red (S. capsicoides (s. str.). S. viarum has typically young berries with white and green patches, mature yellow, leaves much densely hairy, and shorter mixed straight and curved prickles.
Photographed from Kullu and Manali in October, 2009. Yes, this is quite common in dry patches along roadsides in hills..
Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum viarum from Morni Hill tract-GSFEB05/07 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5)
Solanum viarum Dunal, A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1):240. 1852
syn: Solanum khasianum var. chatterjeeanum Sengupta The morni trip helped me to understand Solanum viarum more closely, a plant on which there has been considerable discussion on our group. The species is distinct from other woody species of the genus in its medium sized white flowers with narrow corolla lobes about 8-10 mm long, flowers 1-5 in a cluster and 2-3 cm across pale yellow berries.
The prickles are of two types: most on the stem with broad base curved at tip and up to 5 mm long. and some needle like straight prickles. In addition the surface of leaf along the veins is covered with straight long prickles up to 2 cm long.
The leaves are sometimes in unequal pairs, irregular-lobed with 3-5 rounded lobes, lobes usually reaching middle or so, glandular and stellate hairy
The flowers cluster is borne on a short cluster, usually on under side. Usually only one flower in the cluster matures into a 2-4 cm long berry, mostly pale yellow in colour.
The plant was found growing at altitude of about 700 m in the Morni Hill tract. Nice pics and related memories..
Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum viarum Dunal from Assam KD 03 Feb’15 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (5)
Attached images are Solanum viarum Dunal.
Solanaceae Fortnight :: Solanum viarum :: NH49 :: DVFEB27/35 : 2 posts by 2 authors. 6 images.
Solanum viarum Dunal
at National Highway No. 49 on June 3, 2014 Very good photographs again …
Solanaceae Fortnight :: Solanum viarum :: Cauvery Nisargadhama :: DVFEB28/36 : 5 posts by 4 authors. 7 images.
Solanum viarum Dunal
at Cauvery Nisargadhama on March 31, 2011 Beautiful upload seems to be Solanum viarum
Solanaceae Fortnight :: Solanum viarum :: Koynanagar, Maharashtra :: PKA-FEB05/05 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3)
Came across this plant near Ramghal (Helwak region).
Bot. name: Solanum viarum (Tropical Soda Apple). Yes, nicely depicted..
Solanaceae Fortnight :Solanum viarum ::Anshi WLS :: PKA-FEB15/15: : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (6) Seen this Solanaceae sp. along the road side at Anshi WLS, Karnataka.
Bot. name: Solanum viarum fully open flower looks like a harlequin cap… loved it
Location: Nagarkot
Date: 21 August 2018
Elevation:7000 ft.
Habit : Wild
Seen this plant in a wasteland near our hotel near Shimla in Dec 2018.
Is this Solanum capsicoides? Thought of S. virginianum, but seems to be less thorny.
Requested to please provide ID. likely It’s Solanum viarum Thank you … for the ID… can you tell me whats the difference? my own learning, humbly What I understood, was 2 types of thorns – crooked with broad base as well as straight long ones alongwith yellow fruits with white patches. … in Solanum capsicoides the thorns are little longer reaching 2cms, the leaves are not hairy and fruits turns red when ripe whereas in Solanum viarum the thorns are comparatively shorter, leaves covered with dense hairs and unripe fruit is pale green with darker markings and turns only yellow when ripe. Thanks Ashutosh thats very well explained. i get it now. is there a key for the Solanum species that grow/ are found in India that have thorns on the leaves and have small round berries. i am asking because in Ayurveda they use Kantakari Solanum xanthocarpum
two separate plant list pages urls give synonyms as :
I have seen as an observer only that whenever the tribal procurers are asked for harvesting Kantakari in the wild/native state. they bring in
what looked often like these pictures that ALk showed here.
I need some clarification.
Ayurvedic texts and papers say KAntakari is supposed to be: Solanum xanthocarpum
that’s very nice to know. thank you for showing these cases. see … response too.
Need an ID for the plant in the attached pictures. Photos taken at Coorg on 27 July 2019
Please check Solanum viarum
Solanum Viarum – efloraofindia | Google Groups .
Solanum viarum/ABOCT08 : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2). I think yes Nice pictures! Though originally from American Tropics it has invaded many temperate areas in Western Himalaya; the weed seems winning over native flora which is sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. . Cedar Pollen/ABOCT12 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (3).
The yellow-green pollen is everywhere covering all available surfaces. Here are a few images from today. Tropical Soda Apple and Water Willow are seen in the first two pictures. Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP
1750m . Solanum viarum/ABJAN04 : 2 posts by 2 authors.
I found a half-eaten fruit of Solanum viarum (a few days ago when I found goat kids munching on viarum leaves, the shepherd told me that goats loved the plant) and thought of sharing the photos with you. Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)
Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP
1750m
01 January, 2015 nice. we see them in ganges lower delta here in neglected land sometimes
. Fruit for id pl. Is this Solanum sp.?
Location – Mandal (Uttarakhand)
Date – November 2019
Solanum varium?? Agree with … slight spelling correction. look a yours and … and the thread . Shrub resembling Diospyros kaki. : 6 posts by 3 authors.
At first glance I identified this shrub as Diospyros kaki.
But the examination of the leaves tells me that I was wrong!
What is your opinion on this subject?
Thank you for your informed response!
It is not Diospyros kaki ! This is Solanum sp.
Thank you very much … I looked in the Solanum but is not easy… Yes, Solanum viarum…
ID Looks good Correct Id, viarum Fruit for Id. ID11032015SH3 : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
Fruit for Id pl. Is this Wild Brinjal ?
Location – Mishmi Hills, Arunachal Pradesh Date- 25.2.02.2015 Habitat –Wild Solanum viarum, Dunal ? ID Looks good Yes, it’s,
It appears close to images at Solanum viarum Dunal Solanum viarum .  Shrub ID request, Uttarakhand (080709SCS2): Strange leaves with thorns.
A largish shrub, Gopeshwar, Uttarakhand (June 09).
ID requested. some Solanum sp, may be Solanum indicum It appears close to images at Solanum viarum Dunal . Solanum species from from Rajouri K and K: 2 high res. images.
Segregating posts due to the same subject. Habit: Herb Date:30-06-2021 To me it appears different from images at Solanum virginianum (syn: Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad.) Yes you’re right Yes, Solanum viarum… . Dear members I’d requested for this Solanum sp: 2 images.
Location: Rajouri j and k Is it Solanum virginianum? Also check for S.xanthocarpum. Check the characters physically and then decide which of these species. I guess it is close to Solanum viarum Dunal ! Yes it’s … . Solanum viarum from Chikkamagalur Mullayanagiri Road-GS17022022-4: 5 very high res. images. . Solanum viarum Dunal: 9 very high res. images. Location: Gyaneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
Altitude: 14001m. Date: 30 September 2023
Habit : Wild
Nepali Name : काँडे भन्टा Kaande Bhantaa
. References:
POWO |
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