Solanum virginianum L., Sp. pl. 1:187. 1753 (Mant. pl. 2:340. 1771, as “virginicum“) (syn: (=) Solanum surattense Burm. f.; (=) Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad.;                  Solanum mairei H. Lév.);
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NE. Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, S. Iran to S. Central China and Indo-China: Afghanistan, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China South-Central, East Himalaya, Egypt, Gulf States, Hainan, India, Iran, Japan, Jawa, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen as per POWO;
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dwarf wild brinjal, Jacquin’s nightshade, prickly brinjal, prickly nightshade, thai eggplant, thorny nightshade, yellow-berried-night shade, yellow-fruit nightshade • Assamese: কণ্টকাৰি kantakaari • Bengali: কংটকরী kantakari • Gujarati: બેઠી ભોંય રિંગણી bethi bhoy ringani • Hindi: बंगकटिया bang-katiya, भटकटैया bhat-kataiya, भीरु bhiru, कण्टकारी kantakari, कटेली kateli, ऊंट कंटेली oonth-kateli, रेंगनी rengni • Kannada: ನೆಲಗುಳ್ಳ nelagulla, ರಾಮಗುಳ್ಳ raamagulla • Manipuri: লৈপুংখাংগ leipungkhanga • Marathi: डोरली रिंगणी dorali ringani, कंटकारी kantakari, कांटेरिंगणी kanteringani, रिंगणी ringani • Nepalese: अड़ेरि areri, दमनी damani, कण्टकारि kantakari • Oriya: rengini bhejiri • Punjabi: ਛੋਟੀ ਮੌਹਰੀ chhoti mauhari, ਊਂਟ ਕਟਾਰਾ unt katara • Sanskrit: अग्निदमनी agni-damani, अनाक्रान्ता anakranta, भीरु bhiru, दुःस्पर्ष duhsparsha, कण्टकश्रेणी kantaka-shreni, कण्टकारी kantakari, कासघ्नी kasagni, निर्दिग्धा nirdigdha, प्रचोदिनी prachodini, प्रपूरिका prapurika, राष्ट्रिका rashtrika, वार्हत varhat • Tamil: கண்டங்கத்தரி kantankattari • Telugu: గుర్రపు గట్టాకు gurrapu-gatt-aku, క్షుద్రము kshudramu, నేలముల్లాకు nela-mull-aku, వ్రాకుడు vrakudu • Urdu: گل خار gul khar;
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This small spreading shrub has flowers blue or violet; prickles yellow; leaves deeply lobed, greenish and glabrescent; flowers 2 cm across, violet; fruit globose, yellow, 2 cm across;
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identification060411sn1:
Kindly tell me which Solanceae plant is this. taken at mulshi, pune


– I hope Solanum virginianum (syn: S. xanthocarpum; S. surattense).


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Solanaceae Week: Solanum virginianum from Delhi:
Solanum virginianum L.,Sp. Pl. 1: 187, 1753
Syn: Solanum surattense Burm. f.; Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & H. Wendl.
    this small spreading shrub has flowers blue or violet; prickles yellow; leaves deeply lobed, greenish and glabrescent; flowers 2 cm across, violet; fruit globose, yellow, 2 cm across
Common names

English: Yellow-berried nightshade,
Hindi: Kateli, katai, ringani
Beng: Kantakari
Mar: Bhuiringani
Guj: Bhoyarringani
Tel: Venkuda
Tam & Mal: Kandankattiri
Punjab: Kandiali
Bihar: Rengenei, bhatkhataya 


– Adding my photographs observed on way to Phansad in the attachment.



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Chamba id al070811a:
Now I will be posting a series of photos from higher regions of Chamba, Himachal (ranging from 1100 mts to 5000 mts) starting my journey with
this one found at the beginning of my travel
Location Chamba
Altitude 1100 mts
Habit herb
Habitat wild – roadside
Height 5 inches

is this one of the several Kanta kari s that the herbal dealers sell


Yes kanta kari or kateli



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Request for ID : 060611 : AK-2:
Again taken at Maharashtra Nature Park, Mumbai on the 24th of March, 2011.
This was used as a hedge…. plant about two feet in height.


Sorry for the mix-up of the pictures….this is Solanum growing wild by the roadside at Khandala, Maharashtra on the 24/3/11.


Probably Solanum virginianum vern.- kateringani.


I think … is right. Please go through the link
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/429437567/



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Is this Solanum sisymbriifolium ?? – Flora of Pune:
Photographed this Solanaceae member at Pune, in wild on 2nd Jan 12.
Is it Solanum sisymbriifolium ??
Plz confirm / Id.


May be S. virginianum L. (syn: S. xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl.; S. surattense Burm.f.)


Yes … is right. Solanum virginianum



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Flora of Madhya Pradesh: Solanum virginianum L. from Maihar MP:
Solanum virginianum L. from Maihar MP


Yes …



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Solanum virginianum : Confirm ID : Uttarakhand : 240413 : AK-4 :
Pictures taken on 25/3/13 in the Jim Corbett area of Uttarakhand.
Kindly confirm id.


To me this id seems absolutely okay…



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Solanum surattense :  Attachments (10). 6 posts by 4 authors.

Solanum virginianum L.
Syn: Solanum surattense Burm. f., Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & H. Wendl.
Place: Matha Medical College campus, Chennai
Date: 2.5.2012

Please confirm ID.


Yes, you are right..


Yes it is


Yes. Kantakari in kannada & kantankattiri in Tamil.  The plant has medicinal uses.


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Any record of Solanum pyracanthum from India?? :  3 posts by 2 authors.
is there any record of Solanum pyracanthum from India?? if yes then in which part of india it occurs?


Pl. see if this (Which solanum?) is Solanum pyracanthum.


It is S. virginianum only
S. pyracanthum has characteristic orange red colored prickles, leaves are very deeply lobed and plant up to 2 m tall. S. virginiaum has pale yellow prickles as we see here
http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/705/1/Jaeger86PhD.pdf            see page 411
Annie annuals



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Which solanum? : 6 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (1).
took the pic. of this flower at Tungareshwar, at dry bed of stream. Pls confirm the ID.

Seems to be Solanum virginianumKate rigni.
Here is my picture taken at Thol bird sanctuary near Ahmedabad in the first week of Dec. We were watching a small herd of Black bucks and in front was this plant.
This might be solanum surattense!


This is Solanum pyrecanthum, an ornamental from Madagascar that rapidly becomes a noxious weed. The thorns are vicious, and it sets fruit continuously.


… both are Solanum pyrecanthum?


The one with spikes on the foliage and purple/yellow flowers is S. pyrecanthum.


Can it be Solanum xanthocarpum (Kantakari ) ???


It is S. virginianum only
S. pyracanthum has characteristic orange red colored prickles, leaves are very deeply lobed and plant up to 2 m tall. S. virginiaum has pale yellow prickles as we see here
http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/705/1/Jaeger86PhD.pdf            see page 411
Annie annuals



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Feb2015sk10 Hooghly – Solanum surattense Burm. f. : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
This is a small prostrate herb, very uncommon, recorded today for the first time. This should be Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. of Bengal Plants.

Yes, this is Solanum virginianum..



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Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum virginianum from Delhi-GSFEB06/08 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)
Solanum virginianum L.,Sp. Pl. 1: 187, 1753
Syn: Solanum surattense Burm. f.; Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & H. Wendl.
this small spreading shrub has flowers blue or violet; prickles yellow; leaves deeply lobed, greenish and glabrescent; flowers 2 cm across, violet; fruit globose, yellow, 2 cm across
Common names
English: Yellow-berried nightshade,
Hindi: Kateli, katai, ringani
Beng: Kantakari
Mar: Bhuiringani
Guj: Bhoyarringani
Tel: Venkuda
Tam & Mal: Kandankattiri
Punjab: Kandiali
Bihar: Rengenei, bhatkhataya
Solanum virginianum L.
at Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary on March 20, 2010
along National Highway No. 8 on April 14, 2010
at Vangani on April 17, 2011

Yes … Very good photographs



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Solanaceae Fortnight SN 01 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
Solanum virginianum L.(= Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & H. Wendl), wild prostrate under shrub, common in the southern states.
We consider that S. surattense and S. xanthocarpum are same, but the plant list treated both as separate entity.

Good photographs …



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Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. Feb2015sk16/34 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (8)
In my earlier upload … said the name would be Solanum virginianum, GRIN and FoC also say so, but not TPL or FoP. So I leave it as I find in the Bengal Plants.

Please note that even in The Plant List S. xanthocarpum Schrad. (the name under which it was described in earlier Indian Floras including FBI) is considered as synonym of S. virginianum L.
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-29604818
S. surattense being distinct or synonym of S. virginianum does not change status of our plant.

In ‘Bengal Plants’, I find the entry as – Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl.; F. B. I. iv. 236; E. D. S. 2345. S. diffusum F. I. i. 568. S. jacquini F. I. i. 569.
In FoP I have noticed all the above three names under Solanum surattense Burm. f.
This was the reason behind the title of my earlier upload. I do not know if S. surattense is distinct from S. virginianum or not. What I know is that my plant is S. xanthocarpum.
Now, from your reply I also come to know that I should accept S. virginianum L. as current accepted name for the S. xanthocarpum of ‘Bengal Plants’.

Attachments (4)



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Solanaceae Week: Solanum virginianum PKFEB22/22 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
Pls find Solanum virginianum L.



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Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum virginianum at Mumbai : PKA-FEB35/35:: : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Solanum virginianum at Mumbai.


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Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum virginiatum::SMPFEB 7/7 : 4 posts by 4 authors. 2 images.
Solanum virginiatum
Pune. Mutha riverbed


I think slight spelling error: Solanum virginianum


Yes, good photos …



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Requesting to please provide ID of the plant captured at Jijamata Udyan at the Flower Show in February 2015.
Is this S. virginanium?

Yes, Solanum virginianum..



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Solanaceae Fortnight:: Solanum virginianum-NS Feb 56/56 : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (5)
A very common plant of dry places, berries considered slightly poisonous, still find use as veterinary medicines..
Solanum virginianum

Nice images …, is it kantakari, well known dasamoola herb?


Very nice photographs … Kantakari also refers to S. capsicoides.



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Attached are pictures of Solanum virginianum captured at MNP in April 2014.
Requested to validate the ID.

Thanks for sharing …



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Solanaceae Fortnight : Solanum virginianum : MNP,Mumbai : 26FEB15 : AK-44 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (5)
From Maharashtra Nature Park, Mumbai.


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Solanaceae Fortnight: Solanum virginianum at Navi Mumbai : PKA-FEB37/37:: : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)
Solanum virginianum at Navi Mumbai (CBD Belapur Hills).

How different it is from Solanum surattense ?>


Solanum virginianum L., Sp. pl. 1:187. 1753 (Mant. pl. 2:340. 1771, as “virginicum“) (syn: (=) Solanum surattense Burm. f.; (=) Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad.) as per GRIN.



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Need Id of Solanum sp. : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)

I need id of following Asclepiad taxon.
Locality: JNU Campus Forest, New Delhi (part of Aravali Forest)
Date: 18/04/2014


Solanum virginianum (Thorny Nightshade). FOI


Yes, Solanum virginianum



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Solanum Species For ID : Nasik : 09AUG15 : AK-15 : 15/15 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Solanum Species seen on a mountain slope.
Picture taken on 4th July,15.
Unfortunately, I have only one picture.

I hope Solanum virginianum

Thanks for the id and a prompt reply to my post.



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Solanum virginianum—–for sharing : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)
pics taken at Aambyvalley Rd., Lonavala, Pune in May 15.


PURPLE FLOWER WITH YELLOW FRUITS, SPINES IN THE ARID AREA OF SHIVALIK FOOTHILLS, PUNJAB: 3 images.
Could the members of this esteemed group help identify this plant growing in arid conditions with purple flowers, prominent spines and yellow fruits/pods blooming currently (14.5.21) in the Punjab Shivalik foothills, 26 km north-west of Chandigarh, Mirzapur village area.  


Solanum virginianum L. !


I concur with … ID.  For further information check this link.


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Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.: 6 very high res. images.

Location: Kalikot, West Nepal
Altitude: 1553m.
Date: 16 August 2021
Habit : Wild

Yes. The plant is a weed seen in many places here in my neighborhood.


I think more closer to images at Solanum virginianum rather than those at Solanum sisymbriifolium


You seem to be right


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Dholpur, January 2022 :: Solanum virginianum :: ARK2022-061: Mixed thread. 2 correct high res. images.
This was clicked at Dholpur, Rajasthan on the banks of the Chambal river in January 2022
I guess Solanum virginianum. Please validate.


Yes, close to images at Solanum virginianum


I guess the attached pics are the same.
2 high res. images.


No, last two images appears close to images at Argemone mexicana (Introduced)


Thank you … for validating the first set of pics. And the ID of the second set.
I too had initially thought it to be Argemone mexicana, however its proximity to the first plant posted let me to believe otherwise.


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Solanum virginianum L. :: Chinchoti, Thane district :: Apr 14, 2010 · JUN23 DV560: 2 images.

Solanum virginianum L.
Chinchoti, Thane district :: Apr 14, 2010 · 12:08 PM IST :: about 5 m (16 ft) asl
Many thanks to plantperson7654 and Bharat Godambe for validating the ID at iNaturalist



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References: