Celtis caucasica

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Celtis caucasica Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 994 (1806) (syn: Celtis arcata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. ; Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C.C.Towns. ; Celtis caucasica var. caudata Planch. ; Celtis caucasica subsp. caudata (Planch.) Grudz. ; Celtis caucasica var. cuspidata Planch. ; Celtis caucasica var. tupalangi (Vassilcz.) Bondarenko ; Celtis inglisii Royle ; Celtis tupalangi Vassilcz.) ;
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Türkiye to Central Asia and Assam: Afghanistan, Assam, East Himalaya, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Nepal, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya as per POWO;
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Celtis australis AT MAR 2017/27 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)

Celtis australis
A good quality fodder tree
Near Shimla (H.P.)
April 2016
Altitude: 1900m

I think it should be Celtis caucasica (syn: Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C.C.Towns.) as per discussions at Help identify this Celtis species
POWO does not give any distribution of Celtis australis L.in India.

To me it  seems that photo 4 (6317) is from a different species. Photos 1 and 2 are of C.caucasica.

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Celtis australis: 1 high res. image.
Kashmiri name: Brimij
Habit: Tree.
Habitat: Graveyards in kashmir.

I think it should be Celtis caucasica (syn: Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C.C.Towns.) as per discussions at Help identify this Celtis species
POWO does not give any distribution of Celtis australis L.in India.

It is an Alien species.. Reported by Zafar Ahmad Reish from Srinagar city

Please check the flower.
The flower of C.caucasica is very different from the flower of C.australis.
Most people who do not check the flower may identify it as C.australis.
Even Lawrence in his book (published in 1895) wrongly identified Brimij as C.australis.
However a look at the flowers makes the difference very clear.
I do not think anyone has reported the presence of tree with flowers like C.australis from Kashmir.

Yes …, you are right C. caucasica.

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Help identify this Celtis species: 4 images.
Am posting photos of a tree which has been identified as Celtis australis previously but I think the ID is not correct as it has green stamens (see photo) while C.australis has yellow stamens. It is called Brimij in Kashmiri and is often planted in graveyards. Its wood was used in olden days for making yokes of ploughs as it is soft and cool (Lawrence).
Please help ID the correct species.
The photo of tree was taken in Nov23. The photos of flowers were taken in March 23 (it flowers before the leaves appear.). The photo of the leaf was taken in April 2024 . All photos under CC licence (Attribution only)

Pl. see
https://efloraofindia.com/2014/04/09/celtis-tetrandra/

In my plant flowers are perfect (the male and female flowers are not separate). Also the leaves are serrated almost to the base as in C.australis. A look at the photos will make it clear. I think those who identified it as C.australis did it on the basis of the leaves.
It is interesting that Marathi name Bramuj is very similar to the Kàshmiri name Bramij. Celtis genus is an interesting genus and some scholars have identified Lotos tree of greek mythology made famous by Tennyson  as Celtis australis.
In Kashmir Brimij is planted in graveyards and shrines attesting to some now forgotten mythology associated with the tree.


Some photos of leaves
3 images.

Photo of flower of C.australis from illustration in Public Domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8509  for comparison.


One more photo showing about 1 cm long stipules and petioles of same length
1 image.

… in the list of Kashmiri names posted on this site has identified Brimij as Celtis caucasica.

So I would take this plant to be C.caucasica.
I could not locate a photo of the flower of C.caucasica  on the net by google search.
I hope the photo of flowers posted by me will be useful in this regard.
Celtis australis Linn. which was once considered to be widely distributed and reported from India also in FBI and Brandis is now considered distributed in mostly Europe, and as such C. australis of Indian Authors incl FBI, Brandis i.e. Auct. (Non Linn.) distributed in Himalayas, Pakistan, Afhanistan etc. is correctly C. caucasica Willd.
Many thanks for confirmation.
Photos of flowers which I have posted are very different from those of C.australis and led me to suspect that it is a different species which was confirmed from the list of Kashmiri names of plants that you had posted.


An important feature which some authors have mentioned is that the two lobes of the stigma  are not equal in length (See Photo)
1 image.

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Celtis tetrandra?/ABDEC35 : 8 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (9)
I thought this small tree to be the Eastern Nettle. But after taking close ups of its leaves, I am not so sure (for one the leaves margins are entirely toothed unlike that of Celtis). The leaves are slightly rough and papery. Please advise.
Eastern Nettle Tree (Celtis tetrandra)–Please confirm
Local: Khirk
Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP

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An update:
I found a lone black berry growing on this tree today and made a record of it hoping it helped in identifying.
Attachments (3)


I found two very large trees of the same species this evening. Can we hazard a guess to the genus? Please advise. I am attaching a couple of additional photos.
4 images.
efi page on Celtis tetrandra

Please find the plant ID for link below: efi thread
Celtis australis L.
Leaves coarsely serrate to the base, drupes purplish-black, a non-native cultivated tree species, common in submontane and montane Himalaya.
Khirk, European Nettle Tree.

Thank you … for this and the other ID. Please pass on my thanks to …

I think it should be Celtis caucasica (syn: Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C.C.Towns.) as per discussions at Help identify this Celtis species
POWO does not give any distribution of Celtis australis L.in India.

1. From stem bark it is not Celtis species, in Celtis its grey, smooth or sometime with white specks,
2. Leaves have double serration not found in Celtis species, even venation does not match with Celtis,
3. It could be helpful if we had fruit image.
Not sure about species from leaves and stem bark, local name is also not correct.

You have identified these as

A reply:
“Please find the plant ID for link below:
Celtis australis L.
Leaves coarsely serrate to the base, drupes purplish-black, a non-native cultivated tree species, common in submontane and montane Himalaya.
Khirk, European Nettle Tree.”

 

 

 

 

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References:

POWO  Flora of Pakistan  FoP illustration  Annonated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal  Wikipedia  PFAF  Useful Tropical plants  Trees and Shrubs Online