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Celtis tetrandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 63 1824. (Syn: Celtis acata Buch.-Ham.; Celtis fengqingensis Hu ex E.W.Ma; Celtis formosana Hayata; Celtis glabra Planch.; Celtis hamiltonii Planch.; Celtis kunmingensis C.C.Cheng & D.Y.Hong; Celtis mollis Planch.; Celtis napalensis Planch.; Celtis roxburghii Planch.; Celtis salvatiana C.K.Schneid.; Celtis serotina Planch.; Celtis tetrandra f. pendula Y.Q.Zhu; Celtis trinervia Roxb.; Celtis wallichii Steud.; Celtis xizangensis E.W.Ma; Celtis yunnanensis C.K.Schneid.);
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Common name: Eastern Nettle Tree • Hindi: Khirk • Marathi: Brumaj • Tamil: Ada, Kona • Malayalam: Karukka, Garuka • Telugu: Jabjabal • Kannada: Aduva, Adona, Garuke, Hadhuwa, Kartige • Oriya: Korayi • Khasi: Dieng chini • Nepali: खरी Khari
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Key to differentiate (based on Osmaston 1927)
Leaves coarsely serrate almost to the base; drupe purplish black ……….. C.australis
Leaves subentire or serrated above the middle;drupe orange red …………. C. tetrandra
. Trees, to 30 m high, bark 0.6 cm, smooth, grey, lenticellate, wrinkled horizontally; blaze yellow; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules linear-lanceolate, lateral, free; petiole 3-10 mm, slender, pubescent, shallowly grooved above; lamina 5-14 x 2.5-7 cm, obliquely ovate or obliquely ovate-lanceolate; base oblique, apex acuminate, margin serrate from apex to below middle then entire, membranous, glabrous above, puberulent beneath; 3-nerved from base, prominent, lateral nerves 1-4 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae scalariform, prominent. Flowers polygamous, yellow; male in axillary clusters, born on leafless shoots; pedicels 1 cm long, filiform; female flowers on leaf axils; tepals 4, 1.5 mm long, ciliate, concave, obtuse; stamens 4, inserted round a woolly torus; ovary sessile, obovoid, pubescent, 1-celled; style ciliate. Fruit a drupe, 7 x 6 mm, ovoid, glabrous.
Flowering and fruiting: February-March
Evergreen and shola forests
Indo-Malesia
ID requeat – 01042014PC1 : Attachments (6). 5 posts by 3 authors.
Kindly identify this tree growing on side of Lodi road, New Delhi.
It flowers in the months of February-March. Flowers are about 5 mm in diameter. Fruits are about 2 – 2.5 cm in length. Seems Celtis tetrandra (Ulmaceae). Thank you … for the identification. Very good pictures …         Celtis tetrandra/ABDEC51 : 10 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (8)
This one, I think, is Celtis tetrandra or the Eastern Nettle tree. Locally it is known as Khirk. Though I photographed this tree above Mcleodganj (only very few samples are found at this altitude), I am told that they are plentiful at lower altitudes.
Eastern Nettle Tree (Celtis tetrandra)–Please confirm.
Mcleodganj, Dharamshala, HP
1750m
28 December 2014. Celtis species are more common in lower altitudes of Himalaya. The species here is C. tetrandra based on the leaf serrations restricted to upper half of leaves. Another species C. australis which is also known by the same vernacular name and very similar in appearance has serration all along the margin up to base as stated in Osmaston (1927). This is a common tree in the temperate /Sub temperate Himalaya called as Khirak or Kaharak or kharik locally and is used as fodder, fuel and small timber. This is called as Celtis australis (C. caucasica). The leaves are serrated > 75 % of the leaf lamina. Variation can always be there. efi page on Celtis tetrandra & Celtis australis ? i think it is celtis australis.. It does look like Celtis tetrandra to me but I am not expert enough to identify plants without flowers. Celtis tetrandra to me. Key to differentiate (based on Osmaston 1927)
Leaves coarsely serrate almost to the base; drupe purplish black ……………………………………………C.australis
Leaves subentire or serrated above the middle; drupe orange red ……………………………………………C. tetrandra
Following links also:
http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K001110821 for C.tetrandra
NS-unid 01:Shrub for id from Yamunanagar: please check in Celtis genus (may be Celtis australis) Please find the plant ID for link below: Celtis tetrandra Roxb.
It is different for C. australis (leaves coarsely serrate to the base) while in C. tetrandra leaves sub-entire or serrate above the middle.
My Pending Identifications: Chakrata- Unid Shrub 4:: NS MARCH 11 : 6 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (4).
This one was also shot from Chakrata area, a small tree or a shrub, in fruits… your opinion for id please.. Seems a species of Celtis (Ulmaceae). Looks like Celtis tetrandra. Celtis eriocarpa Decaisne or C. caucalis- Kharak, Kharik, Khirk Please find plant ID for link below: Celtis tetrandra Roxb.
Young drupes seated on a hairy disc, leaves thin, sub-entire or serrated above the middle.
In C. eriocarpa drupes densely tomentose, leaves thick.
do not take only vegetative characters that is changed based on environmental factors (Elevation, Soil, Water etc.). this is my hypothesis only. thank you sir. Pl. also check celtis species available in efi site so far at
To me appears close to Celtis tetrandra Roxb. as per comparative images at Celtis
.  MS,Dec ,2021/09 Celtis sp. for id.: 1 high res. image. Location : Tlungvel, Mizoram Altitude : ca.980 m.
Date : 09-08-2007
Habit : Medium- sized tree
Habitat : Wild Celtis tetrandra Roxb.?? Yes, appears close as per images at Celtis tetrandra Roxb.
. identify this celtis species: 3 high res. images. I think appears close to images at .
Cannabaceae: Celtis tetrandra Roxb.: 1 high res. image.
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