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Tylophora indica

Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 19: 373 373 1921 (Syn: (=) Asclepias asthmatica L. f.; (≡) Cynanchum indicum Burm. f. (basionym); (=) Tylophora asthmatica (L. f.) Wight & Arn.);
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vin-kee-TOKS-ih-kum — Latin: vinco (to conquer); toxicum (poison), referring to its supposed ability to provide an antidote to snakebites … Dave’s Botanary
IN-dih-kum or in-DEE-kum — of or from India … Dave’s Botanary
.
commonly known as: emetic swallow-wort, Indian ipecac, Indian ipecacuanha, panacea twiner, vomiting swallow-wort • Assamese: অনন্তমূল anantamul • Bengali: অন্তমূল antomula • Dogri: दमा बेल dama bel, दमा बूटी dama buti • Gujarati: દમ વેલ dum vel • Haryanvi: अंतमूल antamul • Hindi: अंतमूल antamul, जंगली पीकवान jangli pikvan • Kachchhi: દમ જી વલ dam ji val • Kannada: ಆಡುಮುಟ್ಟದ ಗಿಡ aadumuttada gida, ಅಂತಮೂಲ antamula, ಕಿರುಮಂಜಿ kirumanji, ನಾಯಿಹಾಲೆ naayihaale, ನೇಪಾಳದ ಬೇರು nepaalada beru • Khasi: kynbat kylian • Konkani: पितवेल pitvel • Malayalam: വള്ളിപ്പാല vallippala • Marathi: अंतमूळ antamul, बेडकी bedaki, खडकी रास्ना khadaki rasna, पितमारी pitamari • Odia: ଅନନ୍ତମୂଳ anantamula, ମେହେନ୍ଦି mehendi, ମୂଳିନୀ mulini, ଶ୍ୱାସମାରି swasamari • Punjabi: ਅੰਤਮੂਲ antamul • Rajasthani: अंतमूल antamul, दमा की बेल dama ki bel • Sanskrit: अन्त्रपाचक antrapachaka, अर्कपर्णी arkaparni, गन्धना gandhana, लताक्षीरी latakshiri, मूलिनी moolinee, श्वासघ्नी shwasaghni • Tamil: ஆதிகம் atikam, அவசி avaci, சாரங்கம் carankam, கழுதைப்பாலை kalutai-p-palai, கொண்டச்சாணி konta-c-cani, கொடகம் kotakam, குரவரம் kuravaram, குறிஞ்சா kurinca, நச்சறுப்பான் naccaruppan, நாய்ப்பாலை nay-p-palai, பேய்ப்பாலை pey-p-palai, உன்மத்தி unmatti, யவதி yavati • Telugu: గోరి పాల gori paala, జిట్టుక తీగ jittuka theega, కాక పాల kaaka paala, కుక్క పాల kukka paala, కురింజ kurinja, మేక మెయ్యని ఆకు meka meyani aaku, పొడ పత్రము poda patramu, తీగ పాల theega paala, వెర్రి పాల verri paala • Tulu: ಬಳ್ಳು ಪಾಲೆ ballu paale, ನೇಪಾಳಬೇರು nepalaberu
Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2024/12/vincetoxicum-indicum-burmf-mabb.html
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Flower- In axillary umbels, compound; greenish-yellow outside, purple inside. Flowering from February-April and July-October.

Fruit- A cylindric follicle, acute at both ends; seeds many, ovate, flat, coma silky white. Fruiting throughout the year.
Field tips- Leaves glossy. Latex watery.
Leaf Arrangement- Opposite-decussate
Leaf Type- Simple
Leaf Shape- Cordiform, Oblong-lanceolate
Leaf Apex- Acute-obtusely mucronate
Leaf Base- Truncate-cordate
Leaf Margin- Entire
Habit: A large climbing shrub, to 8m
Food plant of Glassy Tiger butterfly. Used in traditional medicine.
Common along the wayside thickets, scrub jungles and wastelands from plains to 800m.
India, Sri Lanka to S.E.Asia.
Attributions- Keystone Foundation )
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Submission of Tylophora indica with 4 variations(Intra species variation -2) : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4)
I found 4 morphological variations in floral structure of Tylophora indica; 1 is normal, widely available; another 2 rarely seen, one is completely yellow, hairy; another one more purplish; last one with hairs on innerside of petals, the petals are not yellow, pinkish;
this is to show the intra species variation in a species; earlier Evolvulus alsinoides is posted with 3 variations.

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Flora of Andaman31- 100111-PKA2:
I had seen this Climber near Corbyns Cove Beach (Port Blair, Andaman). Family: Asclepiadaceae
Date/Time: 18-12-2010 / 03:00PM
Habitat: Wild
Plant Habit: Climber.
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280812 BRS 404:
Pl. find the attached file contain photos for id. request.

Location : Anaikatti, Coimbatore Dist.,
Date: July, 2012
Habitat: Garden
Habit: Runners/climber?
Hemidesmus???

This is Tylophora indica [T. asthamatica].

Yes. It is Tylophora.

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efloraofindia: For ID 271112SP30 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3).
Please help me to identify this flower.

Could be Tylophora indica.

Thanks a lot … and …

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Pergularia sp.? Hooghly 19/9/12 SK : 5 posts by 2 authors.
I was very much confused when i noticed this climber twining a betel nut (Areca catechu L.) tree. I thought these are Dioscorea pentahylla L flowers, but later i realized that it is another climber intertwining the former one. I am sorry for the bad quality of the pictures.
Species : UNKNOWN
Habit & Habitat : wild climber on roadside, couldn’t reach the plant to take measurements
Date : 19/912, 3.40 p.m.
Place : Garalgacha (Hooghly)
Any chance of Pergularia tomentosa L.?
Earlier group posts on Pergularia –

It is a Tylophora sp., I think.

The images available in the net suggest that it is Tylophora sp., maybe T. indica.

How one can identify a Tylophora species from a Pergularia species?

As per key in Bengal Plants this is Tylophora asthmatica (L. f.) Wight & Arn.
Features are : long sepals, peduncles shorter than leaves, pedicels long …etc. These features are not found in all the posts of eFI page – /species/a—l/a/apocynaceae/tylophora/tylophora-indica
I thank … again.
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ARJUL60 Confirmation of ID- Tylophora indica? : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2).
Bangalore July 2014
good photographs of Tylophora indica

 

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medicinal plant for ID260814VRW 1 : 5 posts by 5 authors. Attachments (1).

Date/Time-22/08/2014

Location- Place, Altitude, GPS- north gujarat

Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- university garden

Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- climber

Other Information like Fragrance, Pollinator, Uses etc.- medicinal plant

Some Tylophora sp. (Asclepiadaceae).

Tylophora indica

May be Gymnema..

It is Tylophora indica

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Agumbe :: Tylophora indica FOR VALIDATION / ID :: DVJAN44 : 3 posts by 2 authors. 4 images.
Agumbe … Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka
Date: 26 DEC 2014 … Altitude: about 700 m asl
Tylophora ¿ indica / else ? … (family: Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae)

Yes looks like!

You must be correct … I got concerned with the colouring of central structure – it differs from pictures that I see elsewhere. Perhaps the variations exist. I hope this doubt gets validated soon.

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Climber ID from Bangladesh_ SM1006 : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
Habitat : mangrove

Another sp of Heterostemma.

Tylophora indica? http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Tylophora

Appears close to images of Tylophora indica 

It is Tylophora indica, it is a variable species.

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via Species‎ > ‎T‎ > Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. … family: Apocynaceae ~ Asclepiadaceae

Flowers of India Discussions at efloraofindia more views in flickr more views on Google Earth
ty-loh-FOR-uh — Greek tylo (knob); phora (bearing), referring to the floral structure … Dave’s Botanary
IN-dih-kuh OR in-DEE-kuh — of or from India … Dave’s Botanary
commonly known as: Indian ipecac, Indian ipecacuanha, emetic swallow-wort, vomiting swallow-wort • Bengali: অন্তমূল antomula • Gujarati: દમ વેલ dum vel • Hindi: अंतमूल antamul, जंगली पीकवान jangli pikvan • Kannada: ಅಡುಮುಟ್ಟದಗಿಡ adumuttadagida, ಅಂತಮೂಲ antamula, ಕಿರುಮಂಜಿ kirumanji, ನಾಯಿಹಾಲೆ naayihaale, ನೆಪಾಳದಬೇರು naepalada baeru • Konkani: पितवेल pitvel • Malayalam: വള്ളിപ്പാല vallippala • Marathi: अंतमूळ antamul, बेडकी bedaki, खडकी रास्‍ना khadaki rasna, पितमारी pitamari • Oriya:ମେହେନ୍ଦି mehendi • Sanskrit: अन्त्रपाचक antrapachaka, लताक्षीरी latakshiri • Tamil: கழுதைப்பாலை kalutai-p-palai, நச்சறுப்பான் naccaruppan, நாய்ப்பாலை nay-p-palai •Telugu: కాకపాల kakapala
… more names in Tamil: ஆதிகம் atikam, அவசி avaci, சாரங்கம் carankam, கொண்டச்சாணி konta-c-cani, கொடகம் kotakam, குரவரம் kuravaram, குறிஞ்சா kurinca, பேய்ப்பாலை pey-p-palai, உன்மத்தி unmatti, யவதி yavati
botanical names: Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. … synonyms: Asclepias asthmatica L. fil. • Cynanchum indicum Burm. f. • Tylophora asthmatica (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. …NPGS / GRIN
December 26, 2014 … Agumbe

… names updated … • Kannada: ನೇಪಾಳದಬೇರು naepalada baeru • Telugu: కక్కుపాల kakkupala, మేక మెయ్యని ఆకు meka meyyani aaku, వెర్రి పాల verri pala • Tulu: ನೇಪಾಳಬೇರು nepalaberu 

vin-kee-TOKS-ih-kum — Latin: vinco (to conquer); toxicum (poison), referring to its supposed ability to provide an antidote to snakebites … Dave’s Botanary
IN-dih-kum or in-DEE-kum — of or from India … Dave’s Botanary

commonly known as: emetic swallow-wort, Indian ipecac, Indian ipecacuanha, panacea twiner, vomiting swallow-wort • Assamese: অনন্তমূল anantamul • Bengali: অন্তমূল antomula • Dogri: दमा बेल dama bel, दमा बूटी dama buti • Gujarati: દમ વેલ dum vel • Haryanvi: अंतमूल antamul • Hindi: अंतमूल antamul, जंगली पीकवान jangli pikvan • Kachchhi: દમ જી વલ dam ji val • Kannada: ಆಡುಮುಟ್ಟದ ಗಿಡ aadumuttada gida, ಅಂತಮೂಲ antamula, ಕಿರುಮಂಜಿ kirumanji, ನಾಯಿಹಾಲೆ naayihaale, ನೇಪಾಳದ ಬೇರು nepaalada beru • Khasi: kynbat kylian • Konkani: पितवेल pitvel • Malayalam: വള്ളിപ്പാല vallippala • Marathi: अंतमूळ antamul, बेडकी bedaki, खडकी रास्ना khadaki rasna, पितमारी pitamari • Odia: ଅନନ୍ତମୂଳ anantamula, ମେହେନ୍ଦି mehendi, ମୂଳିନୀ mulini, ଶ୍ୱାସମାରି swasamari • Punjabi: ਅੰਤਮੂਲ antamul • Rajasthani: अंतमूल antamul, दमा की बेल dama ki bel • Sanskrit: अन्त्रपाचक antrapachaka, अर्कपर्णी arkaparni, गन्धना gandhana, लताक्षीरी latakshiri, मूलिनी moolinee, श्वासघ्नी shwasaghni • Tamil: ஆதிகம் atikam, அவசி avaci, சாரங்கம் carankam, கழுதைப்பாலை kalutai-p-palai, கொண்டச்சாணி konta-c-cani, கொடகம் kotakam, குரவரம் kuravaram, குறிஞ்சா kurinca, நச்சறுப்பான் naccaruppan, நாய்ப்பாலை nay-p-palai, பேய்ப்பாலை pey-p-palai, உன்மத்தி unmatti, யவதி yavati • Telugu: గోరి పాల gori paala, జిట్టుక తీగ jittuka theega, కాక పాల kaaka paala, కుక్క పాల kukka paala, కురింజ kurinja, మేక మెయ్యని ఆకు meka meyani aaku, పొడ పత్రము poda patramu, తీగ పాల theega paala, వెర్రి పాల verri paala • Tulu: ಬಳ್ಳು ಪಾಲೆ ballu paale, ನೇಪಾಳಬೇರು nepalaberu

botanical names: Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.f.) Mabb. … homotypic synonyms: Cynanchum indicum Burm.f. • Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … accepted infraspecifics: Vincetoxicum indicum var. indicum … heterotypic synonyms: Tylophora asthmatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn. • Tylophora vomitoria (Lam.) Voigt … POWO, retrieved 24 December 2024

Bibliography / etymology
Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about “where” could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken sensu amplo.

~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~
written and spoken widely, in most parts of India
emetic swallow-wort
Indian ipecac
  • for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … Vikaspedia – Collaborative Knowledge Sharing Portal – Government of India initiative (powered by MEIT & C-DAC)
Indian ipecacuanha
  • for Tylophora asthmatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn. … Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
  • for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR … or country ipecacuanha
panacea twiner
vomiting swallow-wort
~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~
written in: Assamese (অসমীয়া) … spoken in: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
অনন্তমূল anantamul
  • Many thanks to Monoj Nath for help with this name … facebook
~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~
written in: Bengali (বাংলা) … spoken in: West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
অন্তমূল antomula
  • for Tylophora asthmatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn. … BENGAL PLANTS VOL. II by PRAIN, DAVID
  • for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR
~~~~~ DOGRI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (डोगरी) … spoken in: Jammu & Kashmir … spoken by the Dogras
दमा बेल dama bel, दमा बूटी dama buti
  • names borrowed from Hindi … Many thanks to OM Prakash Vidyarthi for help with these names … facebook
~~~~~ GUJARATI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) … spoken in: Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
દમ વેલ dam vel
  • for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … Many thanks to Mukeshkumar Mali for help with this name … facebook
  • or દમની વેલ damni vel … for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … Biological Diversity of Gujarat – published by Gujarat Ecology Commission
  • or દમની વેલ damni vel … for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR
~~~~~ HARYANVI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) … spoken in: Haryana, Delhi
अंतमूल antamul
~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (हिन्दी) … spoken in: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
अंतमूल antamul, जंगली पीकवान jangli pikvan
~~~~~ KACHCHHI ~~~~~
written in: Gujarati (કચ્છી), Sindhi (ڪڇّي) … spoken in: Kutch region of Gujarat
દમ જી વલ dam ji val
~~~~~ KANNADA ~~~~~
written in: Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) … spoken in: Karnataka
ಆಡುಮುಟ್ಟದ ಗಿಡ aadumuttada gida, ಅಂತಮೂಲ antamula, ಕಿರುಮಂಜಿ kirumanji, ನಾಯಿಹಾಲೆ naayihaale
ನೇಪಾಳದ ಬೇರು nepaalada beru
~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~
written in: Latin (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese … spoken in: Meghalaya, Assam
kynbat kylian
  • for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … A K Dolui, H K Sharma1, Theresia Breen Marein, Tc Lalhriatpuii – Folk herbal remedies from Meghalaya – Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, Vol. 3(4), October 2004, pp. 358-364
~~~~~ KONKANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (कोंकणी) / Kannada (ಕೊಂಕಣಿ) / Malayalam (കൊങ്കണി) / Perso-Arabic (کونکنی) / Romi (Konknni) … spoken in: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat
पितवेल pitvel
~~~~~ MALAYALAM ~~~~~
written in: Malayalam (മലയാളം) … spoken in: Kerala, Lakshadweep
വള്ളിപ്പാല vallippala
~~~~~ MARATHI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (मराठी) … spoken in: Maharashtra, Karnataka
अंतमूळ antamul
बेडकी bedaki
  • for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … Many thanks to Swagat Thorat for help with this name … efloraofindia
  • for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … Further Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, the second among the three field guides to identify plants of northern Western Ghats of India, based on flowers
खडकी रास्ना khadaki rasna
पितमारी pitamari
~~~~~ ODIA ~~~~~
written in: Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) … spoken in: Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ଅନନ୍ତମୂଳ anantamula
ମେହେନ୍ଦି mehendi
  • or ମେହେଦି mehedi … for Tylophora asthmatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn. … Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.
  • name variants: ମେନ୍ଦି mendi / ମେନ୍ଧି menndhi … Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha by Praharaj, G.C.
  • or ମେନ୍ଦି mendi … for Tylophora asthmatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn. … BENGAL PLANTS VOL. II by PRAIN, DAVID
  • or ମେନ୍ଦି mendi … for Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. … The Useful Plants of India, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR
ମୂଳିନୀ mulini
ଶ୍ୱାସମାରି swasamari
~~~~~ PUNJABI ~~~~~
written in: Gurmukhi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) … spoken in: Punjab
ਅੰਤਮੂਲ antamul
~~~~~ RAJASTHANI ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (राजस्थानी) … spoken in: Rajasthan
अंतमूल antamul, दमा की बेल dama ki bel
~~~~~ SANSKRIT ~~~~~
written in: Devanagari (संस्कृतम्) … used all over India by priests and scholars
अन्त्रपाचक antrapachaka, अर्कपर्णी arkaparni, गन्धना gandhana, लताक्षीरी latakshiri, मूलिनी moolinee, श्वासघ्नी shwasaghni
~~~~~ TAMIL ~~~~~
written in: Tamil (தமிழ்) … spoken in: Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
ஆதிகம் atikam, அவசி avaci, சாரங்கம் carankam, கழுதைப்பாலை kalutai-p-palai, கொண்டச்சாணி konta-c-cani, கொடகம் kotakam, குரவரம் kuravaram, குறிஞ்சா kurinca, நச்சறுப்பான் naccaruppan, நாய்ப்பாலை nay-p-palai, பேய்ப்பாலை pey-p-palai, உன்மத்தி unmatti, யவதி yavati
  • for Tylophora asthmatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn. … Tamil lexicon [Madras], University of Madras
~~~~~ TELUGU ~~~~~
written in: Telugu ( తెలుగు) … spoken in: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry
గోరి పాల gori paala, జిట్టుక తీగ jittuka theega, కాక పాల kaaka paala, కుక్క పాల kukka paala, కురింజ kurinja, మేక మెయ్యని ఆకు meka meyani aaku, పొడ పత్రము poda patramu, తీగ పాల theega paala, వెర్రి పాల verri paala
~~~~~ TULU ~~~~~
written in: Tigalari (Tulu) was used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit, Kannada (ತುಳು), Malayalam (തുളു) … spoken in: Karnataka, north Kerala
ಬಳ್ಳು ಪಾಲೆ ballu paale
ನೇಪಾಳಬೇರು nepalaberu
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep islands, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nicobar islands, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
~~~~~ Created on: 14:39 24-12-2024 ¦ Last updated: 22:42 25-12-2024 ~~~~~

Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2024/12/vincetoxicum-indicum-burmf-mabb.html

both Malayalam and English names are correct,

Images by tspkumar

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/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/3-kesarmadu_tmk_31_08_2015_IMG_0697%20-22-_F.jpg

 

143-TSP-ID-29JAN2018-1: A twining shrub near Tumkur for ID assistance. : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)

Kindly examine and identify this Climber.  

Habit: A twining shrub 

Habitat: wild,Scrub forest 

Sighting: Near Tumkur,Karnataka,about 800 msl 

Date: 23-08-2015

It is Tylophora indica of Apocyanaceae

Supplemental image of fruits, 31-08-2015, near Tumkur
Attachments (1)

/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/P1250625.JPG
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Climber for ID : Bangalore : 300418 : AK-14 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)
A wild climber seen last week (April’18) in Bangalore.
I can’t recollect the name.

… could be Tylophora indica; please check.

Thanks a lot.
I have seen it in MNP, but couldn’t recollect the name.
I’m sharing photos please help me to identify
It is cultivated climber
With some medicinal properties
Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.fil.) Mabb. Syn : Tylophora indica (Burm.fil.) Merr.
Please furnish location, date and elevation on every post !

Yes you’re …

.


Swamy/New series/ID/69 – ID of the plant.: 6 images.
Please ID the climber.
Photographed in a Chennai Farm. It looks more like a Tylophora indica for me.

I guess the ID is correct !

 

Forwarding herewith few photographs of fully opened flowers.
4 images.

.

Apocynaceae: Tylophora indica Merr.: 1 image.
synonym: Tylophora asthmatica (L.fil.) Wight & Arn.
location/date: University of Agricultural Sciences campus, Bangalore, July 1997

.

Regarding identification of the species collected from Khurda Odisha on Oct. 2024: 4 high res. images.

Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.fil.) Mabb.

. 

References:

GRIN  The Plant List   Annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal  Flowers of India  India Biodiversity Portal 

Updated on January 17, 2025

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