Amaranthus cruentus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10 2: 1269 1759. (syn. Amaranthus anacardana Hook.f.; Amaranthus arardhanus Sweet; Amaranthus aureus Besser; Amaranthus brasiliensis Moq.; Amaranthus carneus Moq.; Amaranthus cruentus var. albus S.Das; Amaranthus farinaceus Roxb. ex Moq.; Amaranthus flavus L.; Amaranthus guadelupensis Moq.; Amaranthus hybridus subsp. cruentus (L.) Thell.; Amaranthus hybridus var. paniculatus (L.) Uline & W.L.Bray; Amaranthus hybridus var. patulus (Bertol.) Thell.; Amaranthus hybridus subsp. patulus (Bertol.) Carretero; Amaranthus hybridus var. sanguineus (L.) Farw.; Amaranthus incarnatus Moq.; Amaranthus montevidensis Moq.; Amaranthus paniculatus L.; Amaranthus paniculatus var. cruentus (L.) Moq.; Amaranthus paniculatus var. sanguineus (L.) Moq.; Amaranthus paniculatus var. speciosus L.H.BaileyAmaranthus purgans Moq.; Amaranthus rubescens Moq.; Amaranthus sanguineus L.; Amaranthus sanguinolentus Schrad. ex Moq.; Amaranthus speciosus Sims; Amaranthus strictus Willd.; Amaranthus tristis var. leptostachys Moq.) as per POWO;
.
Native to: El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua; Introduced into: Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Bulgaria, Burundi, California, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central European Rus, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Christmas I., Colombia, Connecticut, Corse, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Free State, Germany, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Hawaii, Hungary, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Irkutsk, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Maine, Malawi, Mali, Manchuria, Maryland, Masachusettes, Mexico Northwest, Michigan, Missouri, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nebraska, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Ohio, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Sinai, Society Is., Somalia, South Carolina, South China Sea, Spain, Sudan, Sumatera, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Texas, Tibet, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Vietnam, Washington, West Virginia, Western Sahara, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre as per POWO;
.
am-uh-RANTH-us — everlasting flowerDave’s Botanary
kroo-EN-tus — bloody, gory colorsDave’s Botanary

. 
commonly known as: African-spinach, blood amaranth, bush greens, caterpillar amaranth, grain amaranth, purple amaranth, red amaranth, red shank, Sudan-spinach, velvet flower • Hindi: चौलाई chaulai, लाल साग lal sag, रामदाना ramdana • Kannada: ರಾಜಗಿರಿ rajgiri • Kashmiri: बुस्तान अफ्रोज़ bustan afroz, मवल् mawal • Konkani: राजगिरि rajgiri • Marathi: राजगिरा rajgira, श्रावणी माठ shravani maath • Punjabi: ਤਜ ਖੁਰੁਸ taj khurus • Sanskrit: राजगिरि rajagiri • Tamil: பூங்கீரை pu-n-kirai • Urdu: گل کيش gul-kesh
.
Native to: probably Central America; naturalized & cultivated worldwide
.
As per efi thread:
Terminal inflorescence alone usually spiciform, the axillary inflorescences ± rounded clusters-or if axillary spikes present, these with globose clusters at junction with stem; bracteoles terminating in awns which are fine, flexuose and hair-like above; perianth segments 3………………………………Amaranthus tricolor
Terminal and at least some (generally most) of the upper axillary inflorescences spiciform, without dense globose clusters at the junction of peduncle and stem; bracteoles terminating in stout, rigid awns; perianth segments usually 5………….. A. hybridus
Subsp. cruentus has shorter bracteoles of female flower (longest mostly 1-1.5 times as long as the perianth; 1.5-2 times in subsp. hybridus), Stigma-bases and upper part of lid of fruit scarcely swollen (swollen in subsp hybridus), fruit with no distinct “neck” (distinct neck in subsp. hybridus).
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Which is this edible red amaranth? : Attachments (2).  4 posts by 4 authors.
This is another amaranth i came across which is also consumed as a vegetable alike A. viridis. Could you please identify the species?

I think this represents Amaranthus cruentus L.


For the red amaranth pics i posted within the group, i received two identifications:- One A. cruentus and other saying it to be A. tricolor. Please can some help distinguish between the two. Is it true that A. tricolor is not the edible species and is ornamental while A. cruentus is used for cooking…?? Not sure. And any difference in the inflorescence heads- one erect n in other species drooping?


Amaranthus tricolor is now correct name for what we earlier knew as Amaranthus gangeticus. A. cruentus is now correctly known as A. hybridus subsp. cruentus. The two species are distinguished as under:

Terminal inflorescence alone usually spiciform, the axillary inflorescences ± rounded clusters-or if axillary spikes present, these with globose clusters at junction with stem; bracteoles terminating in awns which are fine, flexuose and hair-like above; perianth segments 3 ……………………………… Amaranthus tricolor
Terminal and at least some (generally most) of the upper axillary inflorescences spiciform, without dense globose clusters at the junction of peduncle and stem; bracteoles terminating in stout, rigid awns; perianth segments usually 5 …………..  A. hybridus
Subsp. cruentus has shorter bracteoles of female flower (longest mostly 1-1.5 times as long as the perianth; 1.5-2 times in subsp. hybridus), Stigma-bases and upper part of lid of fruit scarcely swollen (swollen in subsp hybridus) , fruit with no distinct “neck” (distinct neck in subsp. hybridus).


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Identification for Amaranth:
Could you all please confirm if the identification for this amaranth species
is Amaranthus cruentus.


–  In Marathi called Tambada Math. Tasty veg with onion and garlic


– Yes, this is Amaranthus cruentus.  We call it Lal math in marathi.



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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week: RVS-4: Amaranthus cruentus?:
Please confirm if this is Amaranthus cruentus (= A. paniculatus).


… My sightings of A. cruentus was made easy by the local farmers. Your posted plant does resembles very much to A. cruentus.Eager to find it validated by someone who is familiar with amaranths.
Many thanks for this upload.


Thanks for showing us the plant which is grown for the grains. ?Rajgira


 


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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week :: DV09 :: 07 DEC 09 16:55:35 :: Amaranthus cruentus at Rajgurunagar:
Amaranthus cruentus L.
am-uh-RANTH-us — everlasting flowerDave’s Botanary
kroo-EN-tus — bloody, gory colorsDave’s Botanary
commonly known as: African-spinach, blood amaranth, bush greens, caterpillar amaranth, grain amaranth, purple amaranth, red amaranth, red shank, Sudan-spinach, velvet flower • Hindi: चौलाई chaulai, लाल साग lal sag, रामदाना ramdana • Kannada: ರಾಜಗಿರಿ rajgiri • Kashmiri: बुस्तान अफ्रोज़ bustan afroz, मवल् mawal • Konkani: राजगिरि rajgiri • Marathi: राजगिरा rajgira, श्रावणी माठ shravani maath • Punjabi: ਤਜ ਖੁਰੁਸ taj khurus • Sanskrit: राजगिरि rajagiri • Tamil: பூங்கீரை pu-n-kirai • Urdu: گل کيش gul-kesh
Native to: probably Central America; naturalized & cultivated worldwide
References: Flowers of IndiaWikipediaNPGS / GRINDDSA
at Rajgurunagar near Pune, on 07 DEC 09


Wow thanks for showing the Rajgira plant.
I thought it had red/pink flowers but found that they may be yellow also.


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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week :: Amaranthus cruentus : Mahabaleshwar : 100213 : AK-23:
Purple Amaranthus seen in a Strawberry field in Mahabaleshwar.


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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week : sk-20 : Amaranthus sp. relook plz:

Very recently i posted this plant and … suggested that it was likely to be Amaranthus viridis L.
  • But, it is too tall & robust to be an Amaranthus viridis L.
  • According to the “Bengal Plants” Amaranthus viridis L. is a slender annual.
  • “Flora of British India” describes :- Amaranthus viridis L. = stem 1-2 ft.; rarely decumbent below; leaves 1-2 in., variable in breath……
  • “Flora Indica” describes :- A. viridis Willd. iv. 388 = ascending, ramous, from one to two feet high……
  • FoP and FoC too describe that A. viridis L. is a smaller herb
This can never be the same plant as in – efi thread.
Amaranthus pages in the “Bengal Plants” :-

I think this is some other species of Amaranthus, not A. viridis.


Appears like Amaranthus hybridus as per … posting.


This plant (also in efi thread) can be Amaranthus hybridus. But which one?
  • in FoP = 2-3 m high; petioles 15 cm, lamina 3-30×1.5-12 cm …….
  • in FoC = 30-50 cm; petiole 1-2.5 cm, leaf-blade/lamina 3-4.5 x 1.5-2.5 cm ……. !!!
Though the scaled leaf in this thread shows obtuse apex, i think, acute leaves can be seen in the first pic.
In the description of A. caudatus L., Flora of British India notes, “I find it very difficult to distinguish some states of this from A. paniculatus……”
F. B. I. equates A. caudatus L. with A. cruentus WIlld., Roxb. …..
In the description of A. cruentus Willd. Flora Indica notes, “The leaves are very remarkable for being concave, like a spoon, either on the upper or under side……”
The leaves of A. paniculatus in F. B. I. is 2-6 by 1-3 in. and petiole equally long.
So, it seems to be A. paniculatus L. of the Bengal Plants & F. B. I. = Amaranthus cruentus L. of FoC = Amaranthus hybridus L. of FoP !!!


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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week: Amaranthus caudatus from Paddar Valley J&K:

Kindly confirm ID
Bot. name: Amaranthus caudatus
Family: Amaranthaceae
Location: Paddar Valley J&K
Altitude: 1800-2800 m asl
Habitat: Cultivated crop

Cannot say emphatically.. still can this be A. paniculatus instead?..


I agree with …, it is Amaranthus paniculatus L. of Flora of British India.


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Identification Part 6: Amaranth species: This is part 6


The last picture looks like Chaulai– Amaranthus- a leafy veg. May be Ramdana is its seed-but I am not very sure whether the chaulai the vegetable and the ramdana the seeds are part of same var. of Amaranthus.


this plant is ramdana or Rajgira


The entry of Amaranthus frumentaceus Buchanan, in the Flora Indica elborates :-
“…… First discovered by Dr. Buchanan, on the hills between the Mysore and Coimbetore….. cultivate it for the seed which they convert into flour……. In the Botanic Garden forty square yards of ground…. yielded twenty-one pounds weight of the clear ripe seed in September…… stems erect, often an inch or more in diameter…. colour from green to pretty deep red… leaves alternate, pretty long petioled, from oblong to broad-lanceolar, acute…. panicles terminal…. composed of many appressed. crowded spikes……”
Flora of British India equates it with the Amaranthus paniculatus L.


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this is the same Ramdana plant (Amaranthus sp)………………….


There is very little information in this series.
However, i think this is same asefi thread.


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Amaranthus sp. Hooghly 30-01-13 sk1:
This is a wild stout herb in a dead canal which is also used as a dumping ground in places. The canal remains waterlogged during the monsoon months.

This plant is more robust than the Amaranthus spinosus L., but without spines and i think less hardy.
Species : UNKNOWN
H & H : erect herb, height between 4.5 ft.
Date : 30/1/13
Place : Hooghly

Can be Amaranthus viridis L.


Appears like Amaranthus hybridus as per … posting.


Thank you Sir, the discussion in the other thread of this plant can be found at – https://groups.google.com/d/topic/indiantreepix/Z-Z2OdSfD1s/discussion.


Looks like Chaulai.


Thank you …

The ebook at – link informs there are several varieties of Chaulai which belong to several Amaranthus species.
There is one Amaranthus, A. polygamus, which was known as CHAULAL in “An English Index to The Plants of India”.
The Plant List lists three, maybe more, A. polygamus
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A red leaved Amaranthus seen in a garden here a couple of days ago.
Kindly id.

Perhaps Amaranthus hybridus


Edible Amaranthus-Lal Sag.


I think it is Amaranthus cruentus L.



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“For Id 100413LB1” :  Attachments (2).  5 posts by 4 authors.
Date/ Time- 13/03/2013 at around 12:30 pm.
Location- Village Nawagarh, District Gumla, Jharkhand.
23. 46’17.99” N, 86.13’55.24” E, elevation 222m, eye altitude 1.37 km..
Habitat- Garden, wild.

That looks like Lal Sag to me, Amaranthus sp.


I think yes, Amaranthus cruentus.


Supporting …, it is Amaranthus cruentus L.



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Plant of Central Java 10 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2).
I am confused with the id of the following Amaranthus. Could you help me please. Thank you.

Flora Indica has only one Amaranthus that have concave leaf blade, either upper or under side.

And I think leaves should look like, not exactly though,
I would say yours are better! Source of those two links – Laurent html
Attached herewith related entry from FI. For namesake you may visit – coocan

Thank you very much.



 

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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week :: Amaranthus caudatus Pune SMP4: Amaranthus caudatus Pune लाल माठ
Photographed from cutting a twig from the vegetable purchased from Market.

.




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Re: Amaranthus : 6 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (6)
Rajnagar Kumarghat Tripura

Images not so clear.


Is it cultivated as a vegetable ? Is it spiny or not ?
Pl. check comparative images at Amaranthus
Also check Amaranthus viridis L.Amaranthus spinosus L.

It is not spiny. Its leaves are not eaten as vegetable.

Its seeds are boiled or roasted and eaten as grain {Ramdana}
In India there are 3 species of Amaranthus whose seeds are used as grains, not as vegetables
I wish to know the name of this species.
Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranthus cruentus [Not possible as my specimen is not red and seeds are not black]
Amaranthus hypochondriacus

In that case, it may be Amaranthus cruentus L. as per details herein and as per comparative images at Amaranthus



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SK 2398 18 January 2020 : 5 posts by 2 authors. 3 images- 7 mb each.
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
Date:  07  December 2019 
Elevation: MSL
Habitat: Cultivated
Red flower red leaf Amaranthus ! Any specific ID ?

I think may be Amaranthus cruentus L. as per details herein and as per comparative images at Amaranthus



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Attached images are Amaranthus sp. Please ID for it.
Date : 01/12/2012
Location: Guwahati [Dist- Kamrup(Metro)]
Family : Amaranthaceae
Genus & species : Amaranthus sp.
Habitat: Grows wild on road side.
Habit : Herb

I feel it may be Amaranthus cruentus as per images and details herein and as per POWO.



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Plant for ID : Bangalore : 17AUG20 : AK-07 : 7 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (2)
A potted plant. 
Seems to be an Amaranthaceae.

Amaranthus dubius,


May i request you to pl. post high resolution images to check the details.
I feel it may be Amaranthus cruentus as per images and details herein and as per POWO.

Sure … Here they are..
Attachments (1)- 7 mb.

Tried taking a close up of the inflorescence. I hope it helps.
It was very windy so I could not take better pictures.

Attachments (1)


Yes, I feel close to Amaranthus cruentus as per images and details herein.


.


Plant For ID : Amaranthaceae : Dubai : 28AUG20 : AK-12 :
An Amaranthaceae plant seen in a cultivated garden in Dubai during my visit in early March, 2020.

Amaranthus tricolor L. ??


I think more closer to images at Amaranthus cruentus L. 



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Amaranthus tricolor L. ??


I think more closer to images at Amaranthus cruentus L.



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amaranth species for identification:
Can any1 please identify these 2 amaranth species??? its so confusing and i
am after this for so many days… nothing coming to help. Please in case any1 knows. For reference, pics DSC00110 and 111 are of one species and pics DSC00113 and 114 share the second doubtful species. Could these be A. deflexus or A. retroflexus???


–  To me it looks same as Amaranthus viridis.


To me appears close to images at Amaranthus cruentus L.


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Amaranthus sp from Kamrup district (Metro), Assam : Attachments (9). 7 posts by 4 authors.
Attached images are Amaranthus species. Please ID for it.
Date :22.07.2013
Location: At my residence, Kamrup district (Metro), Assam
Family : Amaranthaceae
Genus & species : Amaranthus species.
Habitat: Grows wild
Habit : Herbs


May be Amaranthus hybridus.


How about Amaranthus cruentus L. (A. paniculatus L.) ?


I have received two mails relating to this Amaranthus, one suggesting probability of A. cruentus L., and the other rejecting it.
I take the 2nd one, for much have been updated since the days of FBI, FI, Bengal Plants …. etc.
Amaranthus in efloras (FoC, FoP, FoZ, FoNA….. etc.) are puzzling (for amateurs like me), along with their current accepted names. There is L. / non L. issues and ssp. issues.
I take a 2nd, and final call, based on FoC – Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.?


Following is excerpt from F. B. I. iv. 718 and onwards (read with “Bengal Plants”) –
Bracts setaceous or awned; 5 sepals; 5 stamens –
i) with spine — A. spinosus L.
ii) without spine; leaves acute or acuminate —— A. paniculatus L.
iii) without spine; leaves obtuse, rarely acute —– A. caudatus L.
Bracts setaceous or awned (subulate); 3 sepals; 3 stamens; leaves obtuse or emarginate –
iv) stems branching above the middle —– A. gangeticus L.
v) stems branching near the base —– A. gangeticus var. tristis
vi) flowers clustered, all axillary —– A. mangostanus L.
vii) tall, glabrous, very slender; long petioled, —- A. caturus Heyne
Bracts usually shorter than sepals ……….
Hope it helps ID.

I would take as A. cruentus L.


Yes, I agree with you.



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Botanical name: Amaranthus caudatus
Family: Amaranthaceae
Locaion: Paddar valley J&K
Altitude: 2000-2200 meters asl


Many thanks … for this upload too. caudatus and cruentus seem to be getting close for me.


Agree with … Would like to learn clear differences between A. caudatus and A. cruentus


As per keys in the “Bengal Plants” –
leaves acute or acuminate; bracts recurved, much exceeding the oblong-lanceolate, acuminate sepals —– A. cruentus L.
leaves obtuse, rarely acute; bracts hardly recurved, not much exceeding the obovate, mucronate sepals —- A. caudatus L.

As per http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=101257#KEY-1-11

  • Complex thyrsoid structures pendulous …… A. caudatus
  • Complex thyrsoid structures erect; …… A. cruentus
If the question is selecting between the two, obviously it would be A. cruentus.
But why not A. hypochondriacus when we have reports like ?

To me appears close to images at Amaranthus cruentus L.


It cannot be ascertained without close-up / macro photograph of flowers –
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=101257#KEY-1-13



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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week: Amaranthus viridis from Paddar Valley J&K:

Kindly confirm ID
Bot. name: Amaranthus viridis
Family: Amaranthaceae
Location: Paddar Valley J&K
Altitude: 1800-2500 m asl
Habitat: Cultivated crop


Many thanks … for this upload.
Me too will look for the ID validation. Need to get familiar with viridis and spinosus; … confusing.

None of F. B. I., F. I., Bengal Plants, FoC and FoP describes that Amaranthus viridis L. is a cultivated crop. Though Flora Indica informs that some natives eat this, but it also informs it is not cultivated. I think the people these days do not eat this plant, at least not in our region.
Moreover, the plant, the spikes are slender in A. viridis L.

It may be the same species as in another thread


Yes, Amaranthus cruentus L.


Before reaching to any conclusion for the identification of cultivated amaranth, I think, we should go through literatures like Krishi icar pdf


Yes, problems are compounded due to different cultivars in cultivation as per your publication.



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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week:: UD 008:: Amaranth family 5 to ID:
This is one more amaranth from the garden by the river, this has green flower spike… Leaf size you can perhaps guess is about 4 inches long,  the plants were just as tall as the ones with the red spikes in the earlier submission.


Very nice pictures indeed.

First time observing a close up of Amaranth flowers the features of which are necessary to reach upto species level.
I can’t count the number of tepals and stamens …hopefully they are 5 each.
The leaf axil I think is without spines which rules out A. spinosus.
I can see the Bracts/ bracteoles spinous tipped (a key character.) and it is as long as or slightly longer than tepals.
They may be ovate acuminate which indicates it might be A.cruentus.


Thanks …, I need to pay more attention to smaller details when encountering these small spikes… and thanks for the details. I have this one of the area where a leaf arose and a few flowers bunched up, will this add any thing to your analysis?


Yes, Amaranthus cruentus is possible as initially suggested by …



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Part 3: Identification for Amaranth:
Could you all please confirm if the identification for this amaranth species
is correct as Amaranthus hybridus.


Amaranthus viridis


I too think this cannot be A. viridis L.


I think it may be Amaranthus cruentus as per images and details herein.



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Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week :: Amaranthus for ID : Muscat : AK-13:
An Amaranthus plant seen here with green leaves.
Id please.


Most likely Amaranthus blitum subsp. oleraceus


Amaranthus dubius Mart.??


I guess leaf tip does not match with Amaranthus blitum L.


I think Amaranthus cruentus L. as per images and details herein.


OK …


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Amaranthus: 2 images.
This is cultivated Amaranthus from Salem Tamilnadu
Kindly specify the species


I think Amaranthus cruentus L. as per comparative images at Amaranthus


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SK 3565 14 June 2022: 3 very high res. images.

Location: Jumla, West Nepal
Date: 25 August 2021
Altitude: 2500 m.
Habit : Wild 

Does it look like Amaranthus retroflexus L. ??


I think it is close to images at Amaranthus cruentus L.
Looks different from Amaranthus retroflexus as per POWO (particularly in hairiness).


I guess it is different :
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:10631-2


POWO only shows purple images, but many green specimens.
Also check detailed images at Amaranthus cruentus L.


Maybe you are right


It is syn as Amaranthus hybridus subsp. cruentus (L.) Thell. for Nepal.


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Help me to identify plant sp.978 from Ganderbal Kashmir: 2 high res. images.
Not sufficient description. Please try Amaranthus !


Pl. check https://efloraofindia.com/2011/02/05/amaranthus/


Amaranthus caudatus I hope


I think it is more closer to images at Amaranthus cruentus L. rather than those at Amaranthus caudatus L.


Yes, I agree with … sir


.


I’d request for Amaranthus sp.: 4 high res. images.
Stem is red.

Habitat: Roadsides and waste lands. 
Height : Some are 1- 3 ft long.
Location: Ganderbal kashmir.

Please check Amaranthus cruentus L. !


Yes, I agree as per images at Amaranthus cruentus


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Amaranthus cruentus L.: 9 very high res. images.

Location: Gyaneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
Altitude: 1400m.
Date: 10 January 2024
Habit : Cultivated


 

 

 


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References:

POWO  The Plant List Ver.1.1  Catalogue of Life  GRIN  Flora of Pakistan  Annonated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal  Flora of China Dinesh Valke’s Flickr Post  Flowers of India   Wikipedia  DDSA CalPhotos  Gardenbed 

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