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Terminalia chebula Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 31 31 1789. (syn. Buceras chebula (Retz.) Lyons; Myrobalanus chebula (Retz.) Gaertn.; Myrobalanus gangetica (Roxb.) Kostel.; Terminalia acuta Walp.; Terminalia aruta Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don; Terminalia gangetica Roxb.; Terminalia parviflora Thwaites; Terminalia reticulata Roth);
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China (W-Yunnan, Guangdong (I), Guangxi (I)), Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, India (Kumaon, etc.), Pakistan (I), Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar [Burma], Darjeeling, Bangladesh, trop. Africa, Taiwan (I), trop. Africa (I), Honduras (I) as per Catalogue of Life;
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black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, Indian gall-nut, ink nut, yellow myrobalan • Assamese: শিলিখা shilikha • Bengali: হরীতকী haritaki • Coorgi: ಅಳಲೆ alale • Gujarati: હરડે harde, હરડી hardi • Hindi: हर्रा harra, हरीतक haritak • Kannada: ಅಳಲೆ alale • Konkani: हरडी hardi, ओरडो ordo • Lepcha: silimkung • Malayalam: കടുക്ക katukka • Manipuri: মনাহী manahi • Marathi: हिरडा hirda • Nepalese: हर्रो harro • Oriya: karedha • Persian: هليله halela • Prakrit: हरडओ harado • Sanskrit: हरीतकी haritaki • Santal: rol • Sindhi: har • Tamil: கடுக்காய் katu-k-kay • Telugu: కరక karaka • Tulu: anile • Urdu: haejarad;
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Tripala ingredient, used in several formulations, rich in tannins, often used in the weathering course of building terraces, an important non timber forest product.
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Medium sized tree with greenish-gray smooth bark; leaves alternate to subopposite, elliptic oblong to oblong, up to 15 cm long, rounded or cordate at base; petiole up to 4 cm long, with two or more glands near top; Flowers yellowish, in terminal or panicled spikes, up to 15 cm long; flowers all bisexual, calyx tube nearly 3.5 mm long; fruit ellipsoid to obovoid, 2-3.5 cm long, obscurely 5-ribbed. ,
HP, Oct 2014 :: Requesting ID – Tree with fruits:: ARKNOV-64 : 7 posts by 6 authors. Attachments (5)
Requesting to please provide ID of this tree captured at Dharamshala, HP in October 2014.
It was found in the compound of a hotel, may be cultivated Terminalia chebula. Terminalia chebula Terminalia chebula.- Harad, Haritaki, Thank you everyone for the ID… No wonder the fruits looked familiar, should have been able to ID them.
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight: December 11- 24,2014 SN 02 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Terminalia chebula Retz. Haritaki , Kakdukkai (tamil) fruits, tripala ingredient, used in several formulations, rich in tannins, often used in the weathering course of building terraces, an important non timber forest product.    Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight: Combretaceae- Fruits of Terminalia chebula at Lonavala- -PKA-DEC33:: : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3).
Fruits of Terminalia chebula photographed en-route Lohagad (Lonavala region). It is common almost all over India.
Terminalia chebula Retz.
Chebulic myraobalan, black myrobalan
Medium sized tree with greenish-gray smooth bark; leaves alternate to subopposite, elliptic oblong to oblong, up to 15 cm long, rounded or cordate at base; petiole up to 4 cm long, with two or more glands near top; Flowers yellowish, in terminal or panicled spikes, up to 15 cm long; flowers all bisexual, calyx tube nearly 3.5 mm long; fruit ellipsoid to obovoid, 2-3.5 cm long, obscurely 5-ribbed.
Photographed from Delhi Thanks Sir for this upload too..
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight:: Combretaceae:: Terminalia catappa? from KUK- NS 07 : 5 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (7)
This is again a tree, a Terminalia, the pictures are recorded from Botanical Garden of KU Kurukshetra..
I hope this is righlty identified as Terminalia catappa L. this seems to be some other species of Terminalia but not T. catappa The plant seems to be Terminalia chebula T. chebula seems to be the correct identification.
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight :: Combretaceae :: Terminalia chebula :: Dharamshala, HP :: ARKDEC-17 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5)
Attached are pictures of Terminalia chebula captured at Dharamshala, HP in October 2014.
Had earlier posted this on the forum and was identified. Very good photographs
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight : Combretaceae :: Terminalia chebula :: 23Dec14 MK-01 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3)
Name: Terminalia chebula Retz. Family: Combretaceae
Tamil name: கடுக்காய்
Dried fruit is powdered for medicine; good for health.
Location: Sathyamangalam, TN
Alt.: 750 m asl
Date: 23 Sep 2014
Crassulaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae Fortnight : Combretaceae : Terminalia chebula : Jijamata Udyan,Mumbai : 23DEC14 : AK-72 : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Terminalis chebula from Jijamata Udyan, Mumbai. I have photographed the fruits as well, but unable to locate them.
Will post later
identification no 14/12/2014sn1 : 4 posts by 4 authors. Attachments (4)
Please tell me which Terminalia flowers are these. date/time: may14
location: ambyvalley rd., lonavala, pune
habitat: wild
plant habit: Tree
height: full grown tree Terminalia citrina Roxb. has shiny, short-petioled, sub-opposite, acuminate leaves. I am not sure if this tree can be same, since it is wild. There is a variety malayana (FBI), distribution unknown to me. Please check for probability –
Thank you Terminalia chebula. I can just about see leaf glands at base of leaves in 3rd pic.
Very good pictures of हिरडा tree
Family: Combretaceae Its okay.    
SYMBIOSIS : 786 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Attaching an image of a Common Grass Yellow butterfly visiting flowers of Teminalia chebula (HARRA/ HARITAKI).
SYMBIOSIS : 787 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Attaching an image of a Common crow butterfly visiting flowers of Terminalia chebula (HARRA/ HARITAKI).
SYMBIOSIS :788 : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (1)
Attaching an image of a Lemon Pansy butterfly visiting flowers of Terminalia chebula (HARRA/ HARITAKI)      TSPDEC2015-02-175: Images of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (5) It is my pleasure to share few images of Terminalia chebula (Combretceae) Habit: Tree Habitat: Wild, Dry deciduous forest Sighting: Chikmagalur and Tumkur, Karnataka, about 900 msl Date: 07-07-2014 and 25-03-2014 Harade in Gujararati
Horitoki in Bengali etc. etc. nice pics
SYMBIOSIS : 855 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)
Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) Fruiting
2016, July, Kadapa Dist, Andhra Pradesh
FOR ID / VALIDATION :: Antidesma ghaesembilla :: near Lion’s Point :: 07 APR 08 : 8 posts by 4 authors. 2 images.
Near Lion’s Point , off Lonavala Date: April 7, 2008 … Altitude: about 760 m (2500 feet) asl
Not sure of ID, hopefully the pictures give some clue to validate whether Antidesma ghaesembilla or not. I may be totally off the mark. Dear friends, this could be Terminalia chebula; please validate.
Yes, this is Terminalia.
Note a pair of glands at leaf base that are characteristic to Terminalia.
Flora of Kaiga_ID Plz .02062011 PJ1:
ID Confirmation plz.”Terminalia Chebula” Date/Time-: 29/05/11 – 11:00 Location- Place, Altitude – Kaiga , Uttar Kannada, Karnataka, 380 mtrs Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type- wild Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb- tree Height/Length-10 mtr Possible. Insufficient data. Sending my photographs for comparison. Yes Terminalia chebulia
Affirmative. This is Hirda [Terminalia chebulia]. very nice, never seen them at this stage, we have trees in a private garden here, but I get to see them fallen on the ground… beige to light bron stage…
identification no. 050911sn1:
these are my versions of Hirda (Terminalia chebula), the fruits are a bit beaked or may be not and the leaves have a pair of nectaries or petiolar glands which are so characteristic of Terminalia chebula, T. arjuna, and T. myriocarpa. Nice to see finally the terminal gland photo      gland or no gland on Terminalia chebula from Hooghly: Attaching images of what i think is Terminalia chebula. But where are the petiolar glands?
Species : Terminalia chebula ???
Habit & Habitat : tree, roadside plantation
Date : 21-03-12 (inflorescence), 26-04-12 (closeup of leaves)
Place : Hooghly, WB I thought I read T. bellirica in your subject line. Any way that proves we both think this to be T. chebula.
Any way T. chebula has 2-4 glands 1-5 mm below the tip, easily seen in your 2nd, third and fifth photograph, since they are found on the upper side (so not seen in fourth). This HARITAKI tree and a SISOO (Dabergiau sissoo) tree are facing the Class-IX room of our school and they were planted side by side without leaving an inch between them 🙂
Attaching two more of images of the same that i recorded on the 14th Feb. and 22nd Feb, this year, showing arrival of new leaves. Think you may have missed the title ‘Terminalia chebula’. All the photographs are of Hirda [T.chebulia]. The petiolar glands are clearly visible in photographs 2 & 3, albeit not very prominent. Sending a few of my photographs in which the glands a little more evident [photographs 1 & 4].         Request Tree ID 111 – Bangalore – RA -: This is also Hirda [Terminalia chebula].
ID Confirmation Terminalia chebula?:
Please help in validating ID if this medium size tree appears to be Terminalia chebula. This was photographed in June`12 at Lonavala (Maharashtra Western Ghats). I think the id is correct.
Tree for Id- 310812-From Pune: This is Hirda [Terminalia chebula]. My photographs of this are available in the archives of this group. Thanks … for the Identification. . Terminalia chebula-sharing my pic:
Terminalia chebula—for sharing and validation: Affirmative. Please check the archives of this group for my photographs of this.
SYMBIOSIS : 401 : Attachments (1). 1 post by 1 author.
Terminalia chebula Retz collected from Kamrup district, Assam : Attachments (11). 1 post by 1 author.
Attached images are Terminalia chebula Retz collected from Kamrup district, Assam
Date :02.07.2013
Location: Kamrup district, Assam
Family : Combretaceae
Genus & species : Terminalia chebula Retz
Habit : Tree
SYMBIOSIS : 402 : Attachments (1). 2 posts by 2 authors.
Attaching an image of a Peacock Pansy butterfly on the flowers of Terminalia chebula (HARRA/ HARITAKI).
Terminalia chebula—for sharing and validation : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1).
Pic taken at ambyvalley rd., lonavala, pune in may 13. Affirmative. This is Hirda. Please check the archives of this group for my photographs of this.
ANOCT18 Terminalia chebula : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (7).
Nandi Hills Oh yes. Haritaki.     identification no 021114sn2 : 2 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (4).
I think these are flowers of some Terminalia species. Please tell me which.
date/time:april14
location:ambyvalley rd.,lonavala,pune
habitat:wild
plant habit:tree
height:about 9-10 ft. Terminalia chebula    Terminalia chebula—-for sharing and validation : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)
Pic of fruits in different stages of maturity, taken at ambyvalley rd.,lonavala,pune in march/april 14. Yes it a very nice image of Terminalia chebula Retz. fruiting twig
Fwd: FIREFLY ON FLOWERS OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA : OBSERVATION : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
In today’s world of artificial light around us, children are not familiar with Firefly/Jugnu/Jonaki. I remember Cooch behar of 1972, when there were hardly any street lights in the town, and during monsoon one could see fireflies in action. The best firefly display I saw at Pachmarhi . There used to be synchronized firefly display. I observed that the display used to be mainly on Terminalia bellirica (bahera). Those who have seen this display only know how beautiful the event is. Other day I wanted to capture images of butterfly on flowers of Terminalia chebula (HARITAKI/ HARRA) and got some shots of fireflies on the flowers of the tree. My mind reeled back to the event of Pachmarhi. May be same type of display is there in the evening on that tree but you can’t see it due to the glare of artificial lights around.
Attaching a collage of Firefly sitting on the flowers of Terminalia chebula.
Thanks for sharing very important information. It is seems fireflies are eating something or sucking honey from flowers. Seems it is also one of the pollination way for Terminalia Chebula. thank you, … very nice close ups.                  
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Terminalia chebula – efloraofindia | Google Groups Terminalia chebula different fruits – efloraofindia | Google Groups Cobretaceae member for ID – efloraofindia | Google Groups NATIVE :: Combretaceae (rangoon creeper family) » Terminalia chebula – efloraofindia | Google Groups Terminalia-another confusion T. catappa??? – efloraofindia | Google Groups Terminalia chebula from Delhi – efloraofindia | Google Groups ¿ Terminalia chebula ? – indiantreepix | Google Groups Terminalia-another confusion???? – efloraofindia | Google Groups flowers of Terminalia chebula – efloraofindia | Google Groups
SYMBIOSIS : 1324 : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)
Attaching a collage of Common Dartlet visiting flowers of Terminalia chebula (HARTAKI)
this must have been way up there. how ever did you get them?    Tamhini ghat near Pune, MH :: Terminalia chebula :: ARK2019-91 : 4 posts by 3 authors.
This was seen by the roadside near Tamhini ghat near Pune, MH in Aug 2019.
This is believe is Terminalia chebula.
Yes, You’re right, … yes seems so but the typical ridges on the fruits ? I guess still to develop?    Tamhini ghat near Pune, MH :: Impatiens acaulis :: ARK2019-106 : 8 posts by 5 authors. Attachments (3)
This tree was seen by the roadside in Tamhini ghat near Pune, MH in Aug 2019.
I guess this is Terminalia bellirica.
This is my last posting from this series.
Thank you being so patient and provide IDs or validating the IDs of so many of my postings this month.
…, seems not bellerica, could be chebula or others, Some confusion in the subject line.
You have written Impatiens acaulis. Thanks … for pointing out. I had believed it to be T. bellirica.
If not T. bellirica, then what? Hope the experts are able to provide us some info.
… Yes, the subject line is misleading, a Copy paste issue from the earlier post, Apologies!
I realised the mistake, however, by then the post was already created and we cannot change the subject line when the post has been created.
Unless, we delete this thread and I repost again.
…, can we do anything about it? …, am damn sure it’s not bellerica, as per my observation could be T. chebula only, please check once with local flora for sp.conformation, Terminalia chebula! Thank you … for the correction.
I was confused because I thought the shape of the fruits did not match the ones I had posted earlier.
But it does not match T. bellirica as well.
I realise my mistake now. Terminalia chebula. Chebulic myrobalan: The fruits used for tanning. Salem variety is the best. Also used in many ayurvedic preparations especially Triphala, a combination of 3 fruits (chebulic + Belleric myrobalan + Amla). .
This photo has been running for several years
but has not been identified yet.
This is not any species of Syzygium.
It is a branch of Terminalia chebula. All are confused with the fruit-like structure. That is not a fruit. They are insect galls formed from the flower buds.
Please correct it on the net. Really there are wonders in nature.
This phenomenon I confirmed when I got both real green fruit of T. chebula and red coloured fruit like structures on same tree in a forest of Jharkhand. . Picture of tree leaf- 2: 3 high res. images. Tried many species like the following, but could not find a match: Any milk latex sir No Sir It’s ok not to have flowers or fruits, but at least we need a clear image of the leaf shape. My guess is Terminalia chebula. I can barely see glands at the base of one or two of the leaves. Do you have pictures of the upper side of the leaf? Yes … Please see the attached photo of the upper part of the leaves. I think it looks different as per images at I think it is very likely. On further checking, seems to agree with you as per images at
https://efloraofindia.com/2011/04/01/terminalia-chebula/ Wrightia sp. only
Close to Wrightia arborea. I do not think it matches with images of Wrightia arborea at
https://efloraofindia.com/2011/04/05/wrightia-arborea/ .
Commercial Chebulic myrobalan comprises two species, Terminalia chebula (first line) and T. citrina (second line). . SK 3728 22 May 2023: 3 images. Location: West Nepal
Date: May 2023
Elevation: 900 m.
Habit : Wild
Plant height 15. Sent by a friend ! Maybe something like Terminalia. Terminalia chebula Retz. ?? Most likely Terminalia chebula Yes, appears close to images at . SK 3745 15 June 2023: 4 very high res. images.
Location: Rukum East, West Nepal
Date: 30 May 2023
Elevation 1200m.
Habit : Wild Pl. check Combretaceae. Terminalia chebula? I think I am seeing glands at the base of some of the leaves. Terminalia chebula Retz. . SK 3817 24 July 2023: 3 images. Location: Taplejung, East Nepal
Date: July 2023
Elevation: 1000 m.
Habit : Wild
Images sent by a friend, Mr. Sajan Subedi! Terminalia chebula . SK 3818 25 July 2023: 4 images. Location: Taplejung, East Nepal
Date: July 2023
Elevation: 800 m.
Habit : Wild
Images sent by a friend, Mr. Sajan Subedi! May be Terminalia sps. T.chebula ??? Not sure. Just a suggestion. Terminalia elliptica most likely . Id needed for this plant? ??: 2 high res. images.
Location : Rajouri j and k How big is the fruit ? Looks like Avocado ! Or Terminalia chebula Yes, … To me also appears close to images at . Id needed for this plant? ??: 2 images.
Location : Rajouri j and k How big is the fruit ? Looks like Avocado ! Or Terminalia chebula Yes, … Sir this is Terminalia chebula Yes. T.chebula. .
Combretaceae: Terminalia chebula Retz.: 1 high res. image.
location/date: Chilenahalli, Bangalore Distr., Karnataka, July 1997 . References:
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