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Veronica alpina L. (NE. Canada to Greenland, Europe to Siberia and W. Himalaya: Albania, Altay, Austria, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greenland, Iceland, Italy, Krasnoyarsk, North European Russi, Norway, Nunavut, Pakistan, Poland, Québec, Romania, Spain, Svalbard, Sweden, Switzerland, Tibet, Tuva, Ukraine, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Yugoslavia as per POWO)
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Baleares, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Serbia & Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, W-, C-, N- & E-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Georgia [Caucasus], Azerbaijan, Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia), Russian Far East, Australia (I) (South Australia (I), New South Wales (I), Victoria (I)), Algeria, NW-India, South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.), Lesotho, Swaziland, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Chad, Djibouti, Sudan, New Zealand (I), New Caledonia (I), China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan), Tibet, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, N.W.Frontier Prov., Swat, Murree, Hazara, Chitral), Pakistani Kashmir (Gilgit), Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir, Nubra, Ladakh), Myanmar [Burma] (Shan), Bhutan, Chumbi, India, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Japan (I), Mauritius (I), Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus), East Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt), European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert), Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert), Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon), Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir), Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai), Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains), Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen), Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Faial, Flores Isl.), Madeira (Madeira Isl.), Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma), Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Tiago), Alaska (I), USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan), Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman), Chile (Tarapaca, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, O’Higgins, Maule, Bio Bio, Araucania, Los Lagos, Aisen, Juan Fdz. Isl., Reg. Metropolitana), Uruguay (Canelones, Montevideo), Bolivia (La Paz), Peru as per Catalogue of life)
Veronica anagalloides Guss. (Albania, Austria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Germany, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia & Kosovo, ?Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Romania, C-, E- & W-European Russia, Ukraine, Crimea, Sardinia, Sicily, Northern Caucasus, Siberia (W-Siberia), Russian Far East (I), Algeria, China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi), Tibet, Afghanistan (Kabul, Qunduz, Samangan), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan (Quetta, Kurram, Hazara, Swat), Pakistani Kashmir (Gilgit, Baltistan), Jammu & Kashmir (Dras, Kashmir, Ladakh), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt), European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq), Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert), Jordania (S-Jordania), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon), Oman (Dhofar), Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir), Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira), Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Tihama, W-Yemen) as per Catalogue of life)
Veronica arvensis L. (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Baleares, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Gibraltar, Hungary, Iceland (I), Italy, Serbia & Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Algeria, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, W-, C-, N- & E-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia [Caucasus], Russian Far East (I), Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus), Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq), Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon), Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains), Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Takhar), Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.), Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.), Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan (Swat, Hazara), Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir, Jammu, Poonch), Sri Lanka, S-India, Turkmenistan, Ethiopia, Costa Rica (I), Panama (I), Haiti (I), Dominican Republic (I), Bermuda (I), Australia (I) (Western Australia (I), South Australia (I), Queensland (I), New South Wales (I), Victoria (I), Tasmania (I)), Taiwan (I), Auckland Isl. (I), Jamaica (I), Peru (I), South Africa (I), New Zealand (I), Chatham Isl. (I), Lord Howe Isl. (I), Norfolk Isl. (I), China (I) (Anhui (I), Fujian (I), Henan (I), Hubei (I), Hunan (I), Jiangsu (I), Jiangxi (I), Shandong (I)), Korea (I), Taiwan (I), trop. Africa (I), Madagascar (I), Ecuador (I), Mexico (I), Guatemala (I), Chile (I), Juan Fdz. Isl. (I), Argentina (I), Uruguay (I), Brazil (I), Bolivia (I), Colombia (I), La Runion (I), Hawaii (I) (Molokai (I), Maui (I), Hawaii Isl. (I)), Alaska (I), USA (I) (Alabama (I), Arkansas (I), Arizona (I), California (I), Colorado (I), Connecticut (I), District of Columbia (I), Delaware (I), Florida (I), Georgia (I), Iowa (I), Idaho (I), Illinois (I), Indiana (I), Kansas (I), Kentucky (I), Louisiana (I), Massachusetts (I), Maryland (I), Maine (I), Michigan (I), Minnesota (I), Missouri (I), Mississippi (I), Montana (I), North Carolina (I), Nebraska (I), New Hampshire (I), New Jersey (I), New Mexico (I), Nevada (I), New York (I), Ohio (I), Oklahoma (I), Oregon (I), Pennsylvania (I), Rhode Island (I), South Carolina (I), South Dakota (I), Tennessee (I), Texas (I), Utah (I), Virginia (I), Vermont (I), Washington State (I), Wisconsin (I), West Virginia (I), Wyoming (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I), New Brunswick (I), Newfoundland (I), Nova Scotia (I), Ontario (I), Quebec (I), Yukon (I)), Greenland (I), St. Pierre et Miquelon (I) as per Catalogue of life)
Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa (Korsh.) Elenevsky (Afghanistan, China South-Central, Iran, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang as per POWO)
Veronica biloba Schreb. ex L. (Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon), Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai), China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang), Tibet, Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar), India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree), Pakistani Kashmir (Gilgit, Baltistan, Deosai), Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh, Poonch, Kashmir), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia [Caucasus], Siberia (W-Siberia), Russian Far East (I), USA (I) (Colorado (I), Idaho (I), Illinois (I), Kansas (I), Montana (I), Nebraska (I), Nevada (I), New York (I), Oregon (I), Utah (I), Washington State (I), Wyoming (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I)) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica campylopoda Boiss. (E. Medit. to W. China and W. Himalaya: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Sinai, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang as per POWO)
    
Veronica cana Wall. ex Benth. (S-Tibet, China (NW-Yunnan), Bhutan, India, Darjeeling, Nepal, Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir), Sikkim, Taiwan, Myanmar [Burma] (Chin) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica capitata Royle ex Benth. (Tibet, NW-India, Jammu & Kashmir as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica deltigera Wall. ex Benth. (Uttarakhand, HP China as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 – Pleione 8(1): 9 – 16. 2014); (East Himalaya, Nepal, Tibet as per POWO)
Veronica hederifolia L. (Introduced) (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Baleares, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia & Kosovo, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, C-, E- & W-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Georgia [Caucasus], Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Japan (I), Korea (I), Australia (I) (South Australia (I), New South Wales (I), Victoria (I), Tasmania (I)), Algeria, South Africa (I), Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia), Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus), Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq), Israel (N-Israel), Jordania (W-Jordania), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon), Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains), Madeira (Madeira Isl.), Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife), Sikkim (I), USA (I) (Alabama (I), Arkansas (I), California (I), Connecticut (I), District of Columbia (I), Delaware (I), Florida (I), Georgia (I), Illinois (I), Indiana (I), Kansas (I), Kentucky (I), Louisiana (I), Maryland (I), Missouri (I), North Carolina (I), Nebraska (I), New Jersey (I), New York (I), Ohio (I), Oklahoma (I), Oregon (I), Pennsylvania (I), South Carolina (I), South Dakota (I), Tennessee (I), Utah (I), Virginia (I), Washington State (I), West Virginia (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I), Ontario (I)) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica javanica Bl. (Eritrea to S. Tropical Africa, Tropical & Subtropical Asia: Assam, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Jawa, Kenya, Laos, Malawi, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Ogasawara-shoto, Philippines, Rwanda, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Uganda, Vietnam, Zaïre, Zimbabwe as per POWO)
Veronica laxa Benth. (China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Japan, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Veronica persica Poir. (2000 – 3650- March – July- J&K, HP, UK Europe, N. Africa, N.America & S. America, Pakistan, Nepal as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 – Pleione 8(1): 9 – 16. 2014.; Karnataka & Tamilnadu as per Flora of peninsular India)
Veronica polita Fr. (500 – 2000 mtr. March – August, J&K, Uttarakhand, N. Africa, Norway, S & N. Europe, England, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 – Pleione 8(1): 9 – 16. 2014)
Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dicks.) Syme (Keys from Go Botany:1a. Corolla blue, 5–8 (–10) mm wide; pubescence of pedicels, in part, of viscid or glandular hairs; filaments 2–4 mm long; racemes with 8–15 flowers; larger capsules 4–6 mm wide
… 17a. V. serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa (Dickson) Syme
1b. Corolla pale blue with blue lines, 2–4 (–6) mm wide; pedicels puberulent with eglandular hairs; filaments 1–2.5 mm long; racemes with (12–) 20–40 flowers; capsules 3–4 mm wide
… 17b. V. serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia)
(2100 – 4000 May – August- UK (Uttarakhand)- Europe, Australia, N. & S. America, China, Japan, Russia as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 – Pleione 8(1): 9 – 16. 2014)
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(Albania, Austria, Belgium, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Faeroe Isl., Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Serbia & Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, W-, C-, N- & E-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Georgia [Caucasus], Azerbaijan, Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia), Russian Far East (incl. Kamchatka), Kazakhstan, China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan), Tibet, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), North Korea, Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania), Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia), European Turkey, Iran (N-Iran), Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.), Madeira (Madeira Isl.), Canary Isl. (Tenerife), Algeria, Bhutan, Darjeeling, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan (Hazara, Murree), Jammu & Kashmir (India), Pakistani Kashmir (Deosai), Alaska (I), USA (I) (Alabama (I), Arkansas (I), Connecticut (I), District of Columbia (I), Delaware (I), Georgia (I), Iowa (I), Idaho (I), Illinois (I), Indiana (I), Kansas (I), Kentucky (I), Massachusetts (I), Maryland (I), Maine (I), Michigan (I), Minnesota (I), Missouri (I), Montana (I), North Carolina (I), North Dakota (I), Nebraska (I), New Hampshire (I), New Jersey (I), New York (I), Ohio (I), Oregon (I), Pennsylvania (I), Rhode Island (I), South Carolina (I), Tennessee (I), Virginia (I), Vermont (I), Washington State (I), Wisconsin (I), West Virginia (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I), Labrador (I), New Brunswick (I), Newfoundland (I), Nova Scotia (I), Ontario (I), Prince Edward Isl. (I), Quebec (I), Yukon (I)), Greenland (I), St. Pierre et Miquelon (I), Costa Rica (I), Falkland Isl. (I), South Georgia Isl. (I), Tristan da Cunha (I), Jamaica (I), Peru (I), South Africa (I), New Zealand (I), Ecuador (I), Venezuela (I), Colombia (I), Chile (I), Argentina (I), Mexico (I), Bolivia (I), La Runion (I), Hawaii (I) (Kauai (I), Lanai (I), E-Maui (I) (Ko`olau Forest Reserve (I)), Hawaii Isl. (I)), Chatham Isl. (I) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia
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Veronica stewartii Pennell (Pakistan (Swat, Hazara), Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir), Afghanistan (Laghman) as per Catalogue of Life)
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+ All leaves opposite . . .. 3
2. Leaves triangular-ovate. crenate-serrate with 3 4 teeth per side: flowering pedicels usually shorter than subtending leaf; capsule ciliate. c twice as long as broad . . .. 11. V. persica
+ Leaves reniform or orbicular in outline. 3 5-lobed; flowering pedicels +/- longer than subtending leaf; capsule glabrous. less than twice as long as
broad .. .. 12. V. hederifolia
3. Flowers sessile or subsessile . .. 4
+ Flowers with obvious although sometimes very short pedicels . .. 5
4. Leaves woolly. middle and upper ones densely imbricate and +/- hiding stem; flowers 7 8mm . .. 8. V. lanuginosa
+ Leaves pilose. not imbricate. stem clearly visible; flowers 3 -4 mm I0. V. cephaloides
5. Leaves petiolate . . .. 6
+ Leaves sessile . .. 9
6. lnflorescence umbel-like. consisting of a pair of sessile racemes 5. V. umbelliformis
+ lnflorescence not umbel-like. racemes clearly pedunculate . . .. 7
7. Capsule +/- globose. c 3 >< 3mm; corolla c 3mm. scarcely longer than calyx; pedicels 0.7-1mm . . ..6. V. javanica
+ Capsule broadly deltoid. 3.5- 5.5 >< 7- 10.5mm; corolla 6-7 mm. c twice as long as calyx; pedicels 1.5 3mm . . . .. 8
8. Calyx lobes minutely retuse [use good lens); lower part of stem crisply white-pilose: leaves with 3- 7 (10) teeth per side .. 3. V. cana
+ Calyx lobes never retuse: lower part of stem reddish-brown-hirsute; leaves with 9-15 teeth per side . . .. 4. V. robusta
9. Stems succulent; bracts 1-2mm. shorter than or subequalling flowering pedicels . . . .. 1. V. anagallis-aquatiea
+ Stems not succulent: bracts 3 -13mm. longer than flowering pedicels 10
+ Capsule distinctly broader than long . . . .. 12
11. Middle leaves 40- 90 mm; corolla lobes hairy outside. 8- 11 mm. longer than 4- 8mm calyx: capsule 7- 8 >< 4mm . . .. 2. V. himalensis
+ Middle leaves 5-40mm; corolla lobes glabrous. hardly longer than c 3mm calyx; capsule c 3 >< 3mm .. ..6. V. javanica
12. Leaves 10- 45mm. serrate: corolla 4 5mm: capsule broadly deltoid. c 4 >< 8.5mm. only hairy near apical notch . … 7. V. deltigera
+ Leaves 6-8mm. +/- entire; corolla c 3mm: capsule obcordate. c 2.5-3 ><3.5* 4mm. ciliate . .. 9. V. serpyllifolia subsp. humifosa
Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 – Pleione 8(1): 9 – 16. 2014.
a total of 35 taxa have been recorded from India, out of which 32 species are confined to Indian Himalayan Region, while 3 species have extended distribution in the plains of Indian states. Western Himalaya is enriched with 19 species, Eastern Himalaya with 3 species, while other 13 species are common in both. Maximum diversity is observed between 2000 – 2500 m amsl. Veronica is a complex genus having 13 sub-generic taxa widely distributed chiefly in temperate and alpine zones across the world. The group is of high medicinal potential and needs taxonomic and conservation status assessment urgently.
& Kashmir; Raj = Rajasthan; MH = Maharashtra; MP = Madhya Pradesh; UK = Uttarakhand; UP = Uttar Pradesh; WB = West Bengal]
Name of taxa Altitude (in meter) Flowers & Fruits Distribution in India Other Countries
V. agrestis Linnaeus 150 – 2900 May -September UK, Raj, UP, Bihar, Orissa, J&K, HP Europe, N. Africa
V. alpina Linnaeus, subsp. alpina 2300 – 3700 July – August J&K Europe, N. America, Pakistan, China
V. alpina subsp. pumila (Allioni) Dostál 2100 – 3500 July – August J&K, UK Pakistan, Russia, Europe
V. anagallis-aquatica Linnaeus 150 – 3400 May – August J&K, HP, Assam, Guj, WB, MH, UK, UP, Raj, Bihar, Orissa, MP Europe, S. Africa, N. America, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Russia
V. arvensis Linnaeus 2000 – 2700 April – May J&K, HP, UK Africa, Europe, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan
V. beccabunga Linnaeus 2100 – 4000 May – September J&K, HP, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Europe, N. America, Japan
V. biloba Linnaeus 2600 – 3350 April – September J&K, UK, HP Tibet, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia
V. cachemirica Gandoger 3300 – 4000 June – August J&K India; endemic
V. cana Wallich ex Bentham 2500 – 3000 May -August Sikkim, J&K, HP, UK China, Japan, Bhutan,Nepal
V. capitata Royle ex Bentham 3400 – 4800 May – September Sikkim, J&K China, Nepal, Pakistan
V. ciliata subsp. cephaloides (Pennell) D.Y. Hong 3000 – 4500 July -September J&K, UK Nepal, Bhutan
V. deltigera Wallich ex Bentham 2400 – 3200 May -August UK, HP China
V. hederifolia Linnaeus 1500 – 2500 June – August J&K, Sikkim N. America
V. javanica Blume 1000 – 2100 June – July HP, Sikkim, UK, WB Bhutan, Indonesia, China , Japan, Africa, Malaysia, S. America
V. lanuginosa Bentham ex Hooker f. 4500 – 5200 June – August UK, J&K, Sikkim Nepal, Tibet, China, Afganistan, Pakistan
V. laxa Bentham 2100 – 3400 May – August J&K, HP, UK Tibet, China, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan
V. macrostemon Bunge 4800 – 5000 July – August J&K, UK Afghanistan
V. michauxii Lamarck 1800 – 2500 July – August J&K Baltistan
V. persica Poiret 2000 – 3650 March – July J&K, HP, UK Europe, N. Africa, N.America & S. America, Pakistan, Nepal
V. punctata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don 4200 – 5300 May – August J&K, Bihar, Orissa Bhutan, Tibet, Europe, N. & S. Africa, N. America
V. robusta (Prain) T. Yamazaki 2100 – 3000 May -August Sikkim Nepal
V. salina Schur 2100 – 4000 May -August J&K, Assam, UK Bhutan, Europe, N. & E. Africa, N. America
V. serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dickson ex Withering) Vahl 2100 – 4000 May – August UK Europe, Australia, N. & S. America, China, Japan, Russia
V. stewartii Pennell 1200 – 2000 March –May J&K, UK Pakistan
V. szechuanica Batalin, subsp. szechuanica 1600 – 4400 June – July Sikkim Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar
V. szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (Hooker f.) D.Y. Hong 1500 – 2900 March –August Sikkim Bhutan, China
V. undulata Wallich 1500 – 3000 March – May J&K, UK China, Bhutan, Japan, Afghanistan, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea, Nepal
V. verna Linnaeus 1500 – 2500 April –June J&K, HP Europe, Pakistan, Russia, Afghanistan
| Binomial | Habit | Notes | Ref. | Distrib. |
| Veronica arvensis L. | Herb | Western Ghats, Naturalized, Native of Mediterranean Region |
Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 |
Nilgiri |
| Veronica javanica Blume | Herb | Western Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Malaysian Region |
Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 |
Dindigul, Nilgiri |
| Veronica persica Poir.. | Herb | Western Ghats, Naturalized, Native of Mediterranean Region |
Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 |
Dindigul, Nilgiri |
| Veronica polita Fries | Herb | Western Ghats, Naturalized, Native of Mediterranean Region |
Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 |
Dindigul, Nilgiri |
| Veronica speciosa R.Cunn. = Hebe speciosa (R. Cunn. ex A. Cunn.) Cockayne & Allan | Shrub | Western Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Mediterranean Region |
Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987 |
Nilgiri |
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Species with description & pictures in Flowers of India as on 28.4.15:
| Botanical name | Synonyms | Family | Common name |
| Veronica anagallis-aquatica | Plantaginaceae | Water Speedwell | |
| Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa | Veronica beccabunga var. muscosa, Veronica hjuleri | Plantaginaceae | Mossy Speedwell |
| Veronica biloba | Veronica chantavica, Pocilla biloba, Veronica nevskii | Plantaginaceae | Twolobe Speedwell |
| Veronica cana | Plantaginaceae | Ashy Veronica | |
| Veronica capitata | Plantaginaceae | Flowerhead Speedwell | |
| Veronica laxa | Plantaginaceae | Lax Speedwell | |
| Veronica persica | Plantaginaceae | Persian Speedwell | |
| Veronica polita | Veronica didyma | Plantaginaceae | Grey Field-Speedwell |
| Veronica serpyllifolia | Plantaginaceae | Thyme Speedwell |
Veronica undulata Wall. (Afghanistan, Himalaya (Kashmir to Sikkim), India, east to China, Korea and Japan)
other than China):
I am reproducing the key from “Scrophulariaceae of Western Himalayas by F. Pennell, 1943
V. anagallis-aquatica occurs at lower altitudes, scarcely above 2000 m whereas V. salina does not grow below 800 m, ascending to 3300 m or so.
V. arvensis, though having similar leaves is much different with subtending bracts much smaller than foliage leaves and aggregated in terminal inflorescence. also the pedicels are much smaller
.
Veronica umbelliformis Pennell (Himalaya (Kumaun to Bhutan), S. Tibet) (syn. of Veronica szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (Hook. f.) D.Y. Hong)
.
Veronica beccabunga L. (? Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa (Korshinsky) Elenevsky as per FOC)
.
I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Veronica (Pl. click).
Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.
Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.
If someone can provide complete list of Indian species with source references it will be wonderful.
Any comments/ corrections are welcome.
Pl. go through Veronica (Plantaginaceae) page with comparative images of species in efloraofindia. On clicking the link of species, one can check the complete details.
May I request you to pl. go through & point out mistakes, if any. I hope this will aid in identifications in future. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, or can identify unidentified images, it will be really nice.
