Crinum

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CRINUM L.  (LILIACEAE) OF BANGLADESH -SUMONA AFROZ, M. OLIUR RAHMAN1 AND MD. ABUL HASSAN- Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 257–271, 2018 (December)  
(Abstract- The genus Crinum L. represented by eight species in Bangladesh is revised. The species occurring in Bangladesh are Crinum amabile Donn, C. amoenum Roxb., C. asiaticum L., C. defixum Ker-Gawl., C. jagus (Thomps.) Dandy, C. latifolium L., C. pratense Herb. and C. stenophyllum Baker. Each species is described with updated nomenclature, important synonyms, English and Bangla names, phenology, specimens examined, chromosome number, habitat, distribution, economic value and mode of propagation. A dichotomous bracketed key to the species and illustrations are also provided) 
Key to the species of Crinum L. occurring in Bangladesh
1. Perianth lobes linear 2
– Perianth lobes oblong or lanceolate 5
2. Umbels more than 15-flowered 3
– Umbels up to 15-flowered 4
3. Scape purplish, shorter than the leaves C. amabile
– Scape green, longer than the leaves C. asiaticum
4. Bulbs with a fusiform, stoloniferous base C. defixum
– Bulbs not stoloniferous C. stenophyllum
5. Perianth tube erect; stamens spreading 6
– Perianth tube upcurved; stamens declinate 7
6. Leaves acuminate, scabrous; perianth lobes shorter than the tube C. amoenum
– Leaves obtuse or sub-acute; perianth lobes longer than the tube C. pratense
7. Leaf margin scabrous; perianth vertically reddish on the back C. latifolium
–  Leaf margin smooth; perianth white C. jagus

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Crinum amoenum Roxb. ex Ker Gawl. (Image by (Shobha Halwe-Chavda – identified by Tabish), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))

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Crinum asiaticum L. (Images by Surajit Koley, (Alka Khare – identified by Pudji Widodo, validation by Gurcharan Singh) & (Bhagyashri Ranade – validation by Gurcharan Singh), (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))

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Crinum jagus (J.Thomps.) Dandy (Cultivated) (Image by (R. Thilakan Makkiseril – validation by Pudji Widodo & Santhan P.), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))

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Crinum latifolium L. 

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Crinum lorifolium Roxb. ex Ker Gawl. (Images by (J.M.Garg – Identified by Shrikant Ingalhalikar & Gurcharan Singh), (Alka Khare – identified by Shrikant Ingalhalikar), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))

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Crinum solapurense Gaikwad, Garad & Gore (Images by Ramchandra Gore, (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))

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Crinum viviparum (Lam.) R.Ansari & V.J.Nair (Images by Dinesh Valke & (Prashant Awale – identified by Shrikant Ingalhalikar) (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)) 

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Crinum woodrowii Baker (Images by Dinesh Valke & (Jui Pethe – validation by Dinesh Valke), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)) 

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Crinum × powellii Baker (Cultivated) (Image by (Aarti Khale – identified by Gurcharan Singh), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))

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Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae, written by S.Karthikeyan, S.K.Jain, M.P.Nayar & M.Sanjappa, and published by Botanical Survey of India is an important reference for names and distribution of Amarylidaceae species in India. As per this document (Karthikeyan et al. 1989) following species of Crinum occur in India:

  1. Crinum amoenum Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.
  2. C. asiaticum L. [var. asiaticum; var. procera]
  3. C. brachynema Herb.
  4. C. defixum Ker-Gawl. [synonym of Crinum viviparum (Lam.) R.Ansari & V.J.Nair]
  5. C. eleonorae Blatt. & McCann [forma- eleonorae; forma- pupurea]
  6. C. humile Herb.
  7. C. latifolium L. [var. latifolium; var. zeylanica,]
  8. C. pratense Herb. [synonym of Crinum lorifolium Roxb.]
  9. C. pusillum Herb.
  10. C. stracheyi Baker
  11. C. wattii Baker
  12. C. woodrowii Baker

Scrutiny of names in The Plant List indicate some as synonym as mentioned against these names. One variety C.latifolium var. zeylanica is now known as a distinct species-

    13. Crinum zeyanicum (L.) L.

In addition to these two new species of Crinum are described recently-

    14. C. malabaricum M.M.Lekhak & S.R.Yadav

    15. C. solapurense S.P.Gaikwad, K.U.Garad & R.D.Gore   

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Crinum solapurense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Maharashtra, India by S. P. Gaikwad,  K. U. Garad,  R. D. Gore- Kew Bulletin May 2014, 69:9505
(Abstract: A new species, Crinum solapurense S. P. Gaikwad, K. U. Garad & R. D. Gore, is described from a swamp bordering the Bhima River in Solapur district of Maharashtra State, India. It resembles C. viviparum (Lam.) R. Ansari & V. J. Nair var. viviparum and C. lorifolium Roxb. ex Ker Gawl. but differs in having 1 – 10 bulblets on the mother bulb, sturdy and canaliculate 12 – 27 leaves, 10 – 30-flowered umbels, undivided stigma and 3 – 12-seeded fruits.)

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Crinum malabaricum (Amaryllidaceae), a remarkable new aquatic species from Kerala, India and lectotypification of Crinum thaianum by M. M. Lekhak,  S. R. Yadav – Kew Bulletin September 2012, Volume 67, Issue 3, pp 521-526
Summary: A new species, Crinum malabaricum Lekhak & S. R. Yadav, is described from a seasonal stream in Periya village of Kerala state, India. Lectotypification of C. thaianum J. Schulze is also provided.
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Crinum woodrowii Baker (Amaryllidaceae), hitherto assumed to be extinct, rediscovered after a century from Mahabaleshwar, India – CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 87, NO. 8, 25 OCTOBER 2004- by  SACHIN A. PUNEKAR1,* SHRINATH P. KAVADE2 MANDAR N. DATAR1 P. LAKSHMINARASIMHAN3 P. S. N. RAO1

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DISCOVERY OF THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED BULBOUS HERB Crinum woodrowii (AMARYLLIDACEAE) & ITS NEOTYPIFICATION by R. Kr. Singh and Arti Garg- TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. February, 2015. Vol. 07, No. 02: pp. 68–71, pls. 1–2.
Abstract– A single population of a critically endangered species, Crinum woodrowii, was discovered from Katraj Ghat, Pune District, Maharashtra, at a location other than its type location. A neotype of the species is designated here and its detailed description, distribution, habitat, IUCN threat status, and nomenclatural notes are provided.
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Binomial Habit Notes References Distribution
Crinum
asiaticum L.		 Herb Western Ghats
& Eastern Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests, Cultivated in Plains		 Flora of Tamil
Nadu, VOL. III, 1989		 Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Erode, Kanniyakumari, Namakkal, Nilgiri, Salem, Theni,
Tirunelveli, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore, Viluppuram, Virudhunagar
Crinum latifolium L. Herb Western
Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist
Deciduous Forests		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. III, 1989		 Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Namakkal, Nilgiri, Salem, Tirunelveli, Viluppuram
Crinum moorei Hook.f. Herb Western
Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Africa		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. III, 1989		 Dindigul,
Nilgiri
Crinum viviparum (Lam.) R.Ansari & V.J.
Nair 		 Herb Plains
, Marsh Localities		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. III, 1989		 All
districts
Crinum x powellii Hort. ex Baker Herb Western
Ghats, Native of Africa		 Matthew,
1999		 Dindigul
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Botanical name Synonyms Family Common name
Crinum amabile =  Crinum × amabile  Amaryllidaceae Giant Spider Lily
Crinum amoenum Amaryllidaceae Himalayan Crinum Lily
Crinum asiaticum Amaryllidaceae Grand Crinum Lily
Crinum latifolium Crinum cochinchinense, Crinum longistylum, Crinum esquirolii Amaryllidaceae Milk and Wine Lily
Crinum moorei Amaryllidaceae Natal Lily
Crinum powellii ‘Album’ = Crinum × powellii Amaryllidaceae Cape Coast Lily
Crinum powellii = Crinum × powellii Amaryllidaceae Cape Lily
Crinum viviparum Amaryllis vivipara, Crinum ensifolium Amaryllidaceae River Crinum Lily
Crinum woodrowii Amaryllidaceae Woodrow’s Crinum Lily
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PLANT TAXONOMY 2E By SHARMA (2011)- details- Crinum in general.
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Floriculture in India By Gurcharan Singh Randhawa, Amitabha Mukhopadhyay (1986)- Details-
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Biodiversity and Its Conservation in India By Sharad Singh Negi (1993)-
Crinum eleonorae Blatt. & McCann— rare, no collection since type collection.
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Encyclopaedia of world medicinal plants, Volume 1 By T. Pullaiah (2006)- Details-

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Flora of Bihar: Analysis – Page 517 by N.P.Singh Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2001 – Botany – 777 pages-
Crinum humile Herb, in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2636 1826. ….
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Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India, Volume 5 by V. Mudgal, P. K. Hajra –Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2002
Crinum pusillum Herb. – Nicobar Island
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Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)- Brief details with keys-
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Crinum : 4 posts by 2 authors.

I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Crinum

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

If someone can provide complete list of Indian species with source references it will be wonderful.

Any comments/ corrections are welcome.

Thank you for updating a new species in database (eFlora of India).

I have added list of species known in India based on a BSI reference, Plant List and two new publications as given on this page.

Thanks, … Species at other links match with this.

Pl. go through ‎Crinum page (Amaryllidaceae) with images of species in efloraofindia (done by Bhagyashri Ranade ji).

If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know.
If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), it will be really nice. Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.