Clausena

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  • Rutaceae

Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. (Tropical & S. Africa, Indian Subcontinent to S. Central China: Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Central African Repu, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Congo, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe as per POWO)
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Clausena austroindica B. C. Stone & K. N. Nair (S. India as per POWO)

  

Clausena excavata Burm.f. (Tropical & Subtropical Asia: Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)

    
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Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China and W. Malesia: Assam, Bangladesh, India, Jawa, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO) (Myanmar [Burma] (Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi), Nepal, Sikkim, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura, Orissa), Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra as per Catalogue of Life)
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Clausena indica (Dalzell) Oliv. (W. & S. India, Sri Lanka as per POWO)

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Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (S-China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S-Guizhou, Hainan, SE-Yunnan), Vietnam, Laos, Philippines (c), Taiwan (I), Java (I), trop. Africa (I), Mauritius (I), La Runion (I), Christmas Isl. (Austr. (I)), India (I), Sri Lanka (I) as per CoL)
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Nair & Nayar (1997) in Flora of India Vol-4 (1997)(in BSI Flora of India with keys and distribution) have mentioned presence of following species of Clausena in India-

  1. Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth.
    [var. anisata (India: Moist deciduous, semievergreen or evergreen forests, up to ca 2000 m. W. Bengal, Sikkim, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala; Nepal, China, Sri Lanka and Africa);
    var. paucijuga (India: Evergreen forests along ravines, up to 1200 m. Tripura, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland; Bangladesh, Myanmar and S. China)];
  2. C. austroindica Stone & K.K.N. Nair [line diagram given] (India: Evergreen forests or ‘sholas’ in the southern W. Ghats of peninsular India; found at as low as 200 m but usually up to 1650 m. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala; Endemic)
  3. C. excavata Burm.f. (India: Tropical evergreen or mixed forests up to 600 m. Bihar, W. Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Orissa; Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Thailand, S. China, Vietnam, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines and New Guinea)
  4. C. heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (India: Evergreen forests of Himalayas and North East India at altitudes up to 1500 m; rarely also occurring in the Eastern Ghats of Orissa; south of Orissa it is replaced by C. austroindica. Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Mizaram, Meghalaya, Tripura and Orissa; Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, N. & S. Vietnam, Java and Sumatra)
  5. C. indica (Dalzell) Oliv. (India: Evergreen forests of the W. Ghats of peninsular India at altitudes up to 1000 m. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala; Sri Lanka)
  6. C. kanpurensis J.F. Molino (India: Moist deciduous forests (Sal forests) of the Garhwal Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh, at moderate elevations; Nepal)
  7. C. lansium (Lour.) Skeels (Native of S. China and Indochina. Cultivated in India for its edible fruits that are used for making jams)
In addition to above 7 species the 8th species is:
 
      8.  C. wallichii Oliv. which is based on the presence of a herbarium specimen at Kew, collected from Mizoram, India: 
Reference:
Nair, K.N. & Nayar, M.P. 1997. Rutaceae. In; Hajra, P.K., Nair, V.J. & Daniel, P. (Eds.) Flora of India vol-4 Malpighiaceae- Dechapetalaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. pp. 259-408. 
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Flora of Peninsular India with keys at species links, if any:
Clausena anisata
Clausena austroindica
Clausena dentata var. pubescens (syn. of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. as per POWO)
Clausena excavata
Clausena heptaphylla
Clausena indica
Clausena lansium

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Binomial Habit Notes Ref. Distrib.
Clausena austro- indica B. C. Stone Shrub Western Ghats,
Riverbanks		 Matthew, 1999 Dindigul,
Nilgiri, Tirunelveli		  
Clausena dentata (Willd.) M. Roem = Clausena anisata Small
Tree or Big Shrub		 Plains
to Low Altitude		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		 Al
districts
Clausena indica (Dalz.) Oliver  Small
Tree		 Western
Ghats, Evergreen Forests		 Flora
of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983		 Coimbatore,
Kanniya kumari, Nilgiri, Theni
Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels  Small
Tree		 Western
Ghats, Cultivated, Native of China		 Gamble,
1957		 Nilgiri  
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From Biotik:
Clausena anisata (Willd.) J.Hk. ex Benth.
Clausena austroindica Stone & Nair
Clausena indica (Dalz.) Oliver

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World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy By Johannes Seidemann (2005)- Details-
Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)- Brief details-
Mansfeld’s Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: (Except … edited by Peter Hanelt, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, W. Kilian  (2001)- Details-

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Flora of Eastern Ghats: Hill Ranges of South East India, Volume 1 By T. Pullaiah, D. Muralidhara Rao, K. Sri Ramamurthy (2002)- Details-

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Gardening in India By George Marshall Woodrow, G Marshall (1999)- Details-
Clausena wampi (Blanco) Oliv. is a synonym of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels

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Clausena : 6 posts by 2 authors.
I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Clausena 

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

If someone can provide complete list of Indian species with source references it will be wonderful.
Any comments/ corrections are welcome.

Please refer to the Flora of India Vol4 : 259-408. 1997 for a detailed taxonomic account on Rutacaeae, and page 320-330 for account on Clausena in the same volume. Rutaceae for the Flora of India was revised by me (K N Nair) and my teacher Dr MP Nayar. Seven species of Clausena are reported to occur in India.

I have added the list of Indian species based on Flora of India vol-4 and one specimen housed at Kew (link given).

The species was erroneously known as C. pentaphylla and the situation was rectified by J.F. Molino in 1994 when he provided a new name to it as C. kanpurensis Molino.

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Clausena (Rutaceae) page with comparative images:
Pl. go through‎ Clausena (Rutaceae) page with comparative images of species in efloraofindia. On clicking the link of species, one can check the complete details. Genus pages generally give details of most of the species found in India.
I request you to pl. go through & point out mistakes, if any. I hope this will aid in identification in the future. If anybody can send images of other species of this genus (for incorporation in the website), if any, or can identify unidentified images, it will be really nice.