As per efi thread:
There are various species of Setaria in India having such plicate leaves.
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Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth (Tropical & Subtropical Old World: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Burkina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, East Himalaya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, Lesser Sunda Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Mali, Mozambique, Myanmar, New Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sumatera, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre; Introduced into: Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kazan-retto, Leeward Is., Mauritius, Mississippi, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, Ogasawara-shoto, Panamá, Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Taiwan, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is. as per POWO)
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Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv. (From efi thread: Setaria pumila is similar to S.glauca, but has smaller spikelets (upto 2.25mm long) than S.glauca (3mm long). The wrinlkes on the upper glume are fine in S.pumila and coarse in S.glauca. S.glauca is also considered a polyploid form of S.pumila, with 2n=18 for pumila and 2n=36 for glauca. Though both the species are found throughout India, S.pumila is the common grass out of the two in peninsular India whereas S.glauca is more common in the Gangetic plain and sub Himalayan tract)
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Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. (Cameroon to Ethiopia and S. Africa, Indian Subcontinent to Myanmar: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Caprivi Strip, Congo, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Gabon, India, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, West Himalaya, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe as per POWO)
Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult. (Eritrea to Tanzania, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China: Andaman Is., Bangladesh, China South-Central, East Himalaya, Eritrea, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Réunion, Socotra, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, West Himalaya, Yemen as per POWO)
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Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. (cultigen from China; Introduced into: Afghanistan, Alabama, Alberta, Algeria, Amur, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Borneo, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Cambodia, Cape Provinces, Cayman Is., Central European Rus, China South-Central, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Egypt, Florida, France, Free State, French Guiana, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hainan, Hawaii, Hungary, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Louisiana, Maine, Malawi, Malaya, Maldives, Maluku, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, Northern Provinces, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Poland, Primorye, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Réunion, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe as per POWO)
Setaria palmifolia (J.Koenig) Stapf (Tropical & Subtropical Asia to E. Australia: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Japan, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya; Introduced into: Belize, Brazil North, Brazil South, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Florida, Guatemala, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Madeira, Marquesas, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Morocco, New Zealand North, Nicaragua, Norfolk Is., Pakistan, Panamá, Puerto Rico, Samoa, South Australia, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Western Australia, Windward Is. as per POWO)
Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth (Nigeria to Ethiopia and Zambia, India to Myanmar, SE. Mexico to S. Tropical America, Trinidad: Bolivia, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, French Guiana, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Honduras, India, Kenya, Mexico Southeast, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Peru, Rwanda, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, Venezuela, Zambia, Zaïre as per POWO)
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Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. (From efi thread: Setaria pumila is similar to S.glauca, but has smaller spikelets (upto 2.25mm long) than S.glauca (3mm long). The wrinlkes on the upper glume are fine in S.pumila and coarse in S.glauca. S.glauca is also considered a polyploid form of S.pumila, with 2n=18 for pumila and 2n=36 for glauca. Though both the species are found throughout India, S.pumila is the common grass out of the two in peninsular India whereas S.glauca is more common in the Gangetic plain and sub Himalayan tracts)
(Old World: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Bangladesh, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, Central European Rus, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Free State, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hainan, Hungary, India, Inner Mongolia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Manchuria, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Rwanda, Réunion, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Sinai, Socotra, Solomon Is., Somalia, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Togo, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey-in-Europe, Uganda, Ukraine, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe; Introduced into: Alabama, Alberta, Amur, Arizona, Arkansas, Baltic States, Belgium, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, British Columbia, California, Caroline Is., Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Cook Is., Delaware, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., Fiji, Florida, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Haiti, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Kermadec Is., Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Marcus I., Marianas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Peru, Pitcairn Is., Poland, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Québec, Rhode I., Samoa, Saskatchewan, Society Is., South Carolina, South Dakota, St.Helena, Sweden, Switzerland, Tennessee, Texas, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Utah, Vanuatu, Venezuelan Antilles, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming as per POWO)
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Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. ex Moss (Introduced) (Tropical & S. Africa, Madagascar: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe; Introduced into: Alabama, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bangladesh, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, California, Cambodia, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Costa Rica, East Himalaya, Easter Is., Ecuador, Fiji, Florida, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Japan, Jawa, Laos, Marianas, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Philippines, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Taiwan, Thailand, Uruguay, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen as per POWO)
(Setaria verticillata, commonly found in waste places. You can identify it from other species of Setaria from its retrose barbs on the bristles. For this try running your fingers from bottom to top of the inflorescence. If your fingers cannot run smooth, then the barbs are retrose (backward curved). In all other species, you can run your fingers smoothly without any hurdle;
(Tropical & Subtropical Old World: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andaman Is., Angola, Azores, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central European Rus, Chad, China South-Central, Comoros, Corse, Cyprus, Djibouti, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Free State, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Gulf States, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Queensland, Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sicilia, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, South Australia, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Swaziland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, Togo, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Western Sahara, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe; Introduced into: Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Ascension, Austria, Bahamas, Baltic States, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, British Columbia, California, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Florida, Germany, Great Britain, Guatemala, Haiti, Hawaii, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Japan, Kansas, Kentucky, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Manitoba, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Norfolk Is., North Dakota, Northwest Territorie, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Pitcairn Is., Poland, Primorye, Québec, Rhode I., Réunion, South Dakota, St.Helena, Switzerland, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Vermont, Virginia, Wake I., Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming as per POWO)
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Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. (Similar to S. pumila in compact spikes with antrorsely scabrid bristles, but differing in usually green bristles, and several spikelets per branch, as also upper glume being almost as long as spikelet or slightly shorter)
(Old World to Central & SE. Australia: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Austria, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Cambodia, Canary Is., Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East Himalaya, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Madeira, Manchuria, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Netherlands, New Guinea, New South Wales, Niger, North Caucasus, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Queensland, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, South Australia, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sumatera, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tasmania, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia; Introduced into: Alabama, Alberta, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Azores, Baltic States, Belarus, Bermuda, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, California, Central European Rus, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East European Russia, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Jawa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon as per POWO)
Setaria (Poaceae) page with comparative images:
Pl. go through Setaria (Poaceae) page with comparative images of species in efloraofindia. On clicking the link of species, one can check the complete details.
I request you to pl. go through & point out mistakes, if any. I hope this will aid in identification in future. If anybody can send images of other species of this genus (for incorporation in the website), if any, or can identify unidentified images, it will be really nice. Pl. circulate it widely, for the benefit of all concerned.
Thanks a lot, Manoj Chandran ji, for most of the identifications.
