eFlora of India

Category: Xylariaceae

  • Xylaria species ?- Chalnakhel, Pharping, Nepal

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    SK 2697 27 July 2020 – Mycophyta : 5 posts by 3 authors. 2 images- 6 mb each.

    Location: Chalnakhel, Pharping
    Date: 28 June 2020
    Elevation: 1500 m.
    Habitat: Wild
    Xylaria carpophila (Pers.) Fr. ??

    It was on Schima wallichii seed !

    Could be Xylaria.
    I can see some Marasmoids (if I am not mistaken) there too, that could be Cryptomarasmius

     

  • Xylaria species- Gyaneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal

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    SK 2696 25 July 2020 – Mycophyta : 5 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (4)- 1 to 2 mb each. 

    Location: Gyaneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
    Date: 21 June  2020

    Altitude: 1300 m.
    Habitat : Wild

    Xylaria

    Thank you …!
    Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. or Xylaria cornu-damae (Schwein.) Berk. ?

    I do not know what are the characters to differentiate different species.
    Pl. see
    Xylaria hypoxylon:
    Xylaria cornu-damae:
    https://www.mushroomexpert.com/xylaria_cornu-damae.html

    I feel it is a close one among other sp as per my observation of net images but I may be wrong !

     

  • Xylaria species- Shivapuri, Nepal

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    SK 2516 08 March 2020 – Mycophyta : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)

    Location :  Shivapuri
    Date: 24 August 2016
    Elevation : 2000m.

    Habitat : Wild
    Xylaria sp. ??

    Can not say.

    Xylaria hypoxylon ?? 

  • Xylaria species- Suryabinayak, Nepal

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    SK 2470 19 February 2020 – Mycophyta : 7 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (3)- 2 mb each. 

    Location :  Suryabinayak
    Date: 09 August 2016
    Elevation : 1500m.
    Habitat : Wild

    Pl. check comparative images at Phylum Ascomycota

    Xylaria polymorpha!

    What are the Xylaria species reported in your book ? 

    Looks different from images at Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev.
    Appears more closer to Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. 
    Attachments (1)
    Listing species here for future use:
    Xylaria carpophila
    Xylaria dichotoma
    Xylaria feejeensis subsp. feejeensis
    Xylaria filiformis
    Xylaria fistuca
    Xylaria furcata
    Xylaria hypoxylon
    Xylaria longipes
    Xylaria mellissi
    Xylaria nigrescens
    Xylaria nigripes
    Xylaria obovata
    Xylaria oboviodea
    Xylaria plebeja
    Xylaria polymorpha
    Xylaria telfairii

  • Xylaria species- Sundarijal, Nepal

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    SK 2503 03 March 2020 – Mycophyta : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (2)- 1 mb. 

    Location :  Sundarijal
    Date: 30 July 2016
    Elevation : 1500m.

    Habitat : Wild

    May be some Xylaria species.

    Could not get match among listed 16 sp.

     

  • Xylaria species- Sundarijal, Nepal

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    SK 2506 04 March 2020 – Mycophyta : 3 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (1)

    Location :  Sundarijal
    Date: 30 July 2016
    Elevation : 1500m.

    Habitat : Wild

    Likely some Xylaria sp.

    Family – Xylariaceae

  • Xylaria species- Suryabinayak, Bhaktapur

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    SK2007 16 June 2019 – Mycophyta : 4 posts by 3 authors. Attachments (3)

    Location: Suryabinayak, Bhaktapur
    Date: 7 June 2019
    Elevation: 1508 m. 
    Habit : Wild 

    Pl. check images, references and details at Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. 

    Yes surely it is some Xylaria sp.
    But we can not be sure about species as microscopy is must required for correct species identification of such large genus where many species looks morphological very much similar.

  • Xylaria species- Lele, Lalitpur, Nepal

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    SK1866 25 April 2019 – Mycophyta : 3 posts by 2 authors. Attachments (1)

    Location : Lele, Lalitpur
    Date : 13 September 2014
    Elevation :  1330 m.
    Habit : Wild

    Pl. check Xylaria species reported in your area.
    I guess it could be between Xylaria polymorpha (Pers. :Fr.) Grev. and Xylaria longipes Nitschke

  • Xylaria species

  • Xylaria polymorpha

    Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev., 1824 (syn: Hypoxylon polymorphum (Pers.) Mont., 1840; Hypoxylon polymorphum var. mammillanum Gray, 1821 ..; Sphaeria digitata Sowerby, 1797; Sphaeria polymorpha Pers., 1797 .; Sphaeria spathulata Pers., 1799; Xylaria corrugata Har. & Pat., 1903; Xylaria fastigiata (Speg.) Mussat, 1901; Xylaria pachystroma (Sacc.) Mussat, 1901; Xylaria polymorpha var. acrodactyla Nitschke, 1867 …………; Xylaria rugosa Sacc., 1906; Xylosphaera polymorpha (Pers.) Dumort., 1822);         
     
    dead man’s fingers;
     
    Xylaria hypoxylon produce antler-shaped structures (0.03 – 0.05 cm dia) but X. polymorpha produces irregularly club-shaped structures about 1-3cm in diameter.
     

    Xylaria polymorpha, commonly known as dead man’s fingers, is a saprobic fungus.

    It is a common inhabitant of forest and woodland areas, usually growing from the bases of rotting or injured tree stumps and decaying wood. It has also been known to colonize substrates like woody legume pods, petioles, and herbaceous stems.
    It is characterized by its elongated upright, clavate, or strap-like stromata poking up through the ground, much like fingers. The genus Xylaria contains about 100 species of cosmopolitan fungi. Polymorpha means “many forms.” As its name suggests, it has a very variable but often club-shaped fruiting body (stroma) resembling burned wood.
    Often this fungus is found with a multitude of separate “digits” but at times the individual parts will be fused together.
    Belonging to the class of fungus known as Ascomycetes (division Mycota) known as the sac fungi, they are characterized by a saclike structure, the ascus, which contains anything from four to eight ascospores in the sexual stage. The sac fungi are separated into subgroups based on whether asci arise singly or are borne in one of several types of fruiting structures, or ascocarps, and on the method of discharge of the ascospores. Many ascomycetes are plant pathogens, some are animal pathogens, a few are edible mushrooms, and many live on dead organic matter (as saprobes). The largest and most commonly known ascomycetes include the morel and the truffle, however the polymorpha is an inedible variety.
    The dark fruiting body (often black or brown, but sometimes shades of blue/green) is surprisingly white on the inside, with a blackened dotted area all around. This blackened surrounding area is made up of tiny structures called perithecia. The perithecia hold a layer of asci which contain the ascospores. The asci elongate into the ostiole, and discharge the ascospores outward. The spore distribution is a lengthy process, sometimes taking several months to complete this part of the life cycle, this is not a common trait amongst fungi, as is normally a much swifter process.
    In spring time this fungus often produces a layer of white or bluish asexual spores called conidia, which grow on its surface and surrounding area 
    (From Wikipedia on 2.8.13)

     

     

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    Fungi for id? : 1 correct image. 4 posts by 3 authors.
    Request id of these two fungi taken in Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), Mumbai this morning (4.8.13)?

    #1110987 – appears to be Xylaria genus or Dean Man’s Fingers. Found on a dead tree stump. 

    Xylaria species in efi 

    Xylaria polymorpha and …
    2 pictures for you : 2 posts by 2 authors. 1 correct image.

    These Fungus picture I took on May 11, 2010., during Nature camp to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve – Bandipur , near Gopala Swamy Temple – Reserve.
    ….. I think Second picture also some kind of Fungus.
    Please give ID

    Seems to be …. and Xylaria polymopha.

     

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    Monsoon 2011| Fungi from Talacauvery| 29Aug11AR02:  Habitat: on an erect tree bark, probably dead portion. // Stephen King’s horror bank!

    27 Jul 2011
    Talacauvery, Coorg

    This looks like Xylaria sp. (Pyrenomycetes). Did you notice the size of the fruiting bodies and any other features.

    Size of the fruiting body -upto 6cms, granite black color, tiny white spots – iridescent. 
    I think the fruit bodies are flask-shaped.

    Abundance – 30 nos. 
    Dead stump picture taken from 9 meters distant. 
    Thick vegetation, darkness, slope/elevation & the leeches prevented us reaching the tree. So no closeup picture.
    It appears, these fungi closely relates to Dead Man’s Fingers fungus or the Candle-snuff Fungus. 
    // In Bhagamandala, we colligated this black fungi to black leech sticks, very well disguised in the darkness of the tree bark. Add to it the dark woods behind. Imagine- we go close to the tree, the leech stick come alive & rain on us…

    Appears close to images at Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev.

     

     

  • Xylaria hypoxylon

    Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev., 1824 (syn: Clavaria hypoxylon L., 1753; Sphaeria adscendens Fr., 1830; Sphaeria cupressiformis Woodw., 1792; Sphaeria hypoxylon (L.) Pers., 1796 …; Sphaeria ramosa Dicks.; Xylaria adscendens (Fr.) Fr., 1851;  Xylaria cupressiformis (Woodw.) J. Kickx fil., 1835 .; Xylaria hypoxylon subsp. adscendens (Fr.) D. Hawksw., 1973 ………….; Xylaria subtrachelina Henn., 1904; Xylosphaera adscendens (Fr.) Dennis, 1958; Xylosphaera hypoxylon (L.) Dumort., 1822 ..);          
    candlestick fungus, candlesnuff fungus, carbon antlers, stag’s horn fungus;
     
    Xylaria hypoxylon  produce antler-shaped structures (0.03 – 0.05 cm dia) as can be seen in the pic but X. polymorpha produces irregularly club-shaped structures about 1-3cm in diameter.
     
     

    Xylaria hypoxylon is an inedible species of fungus in the genus Xylaria. It is known by a variety of common names, such as the candlestick fungus, the candlesnuff fungus, carbon antlers,[1] or the stag’s horn fungus.[2] The fruit bodies, characterized by erect, elongated black branches with whitened tips, typically grow in clusters on decaying hardwood. The fungus can cause a root rot in hawthorn and gooseberry plants.[3]

    Fruit bodies (ascocarps) are cylindrical or flattened with dimensions of 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) tall × 2–8 mm thick.[1] The erect ascocarps are often twisted or bent, and typically sparsely branched, often in a shape resembling an antler’s horns. Specimens found earlier in the season, in spring, may be covered completely in asexual spores (conidia), which manifests itself as a white to grayish powdery deposit. Later in the season, mature ascocarps are charcoal-black, and have minute pimple-like bumps called perithecia on the surface. These are minute rounded spore bearing structures with a tiny holes, or ostioles, for the release of sexual spores (ascospores). The perithecia are embedded in the flesh of the ascocarp, the stroma, which is tough, elastic, and white. Within the perithecia, the asci are 100 × 8 µm.[6]
    Ascospores are kidney-shaped, black, and smooth, with dimensions of 10–14 × 4–6 µm.[7] The asexual spores (mitospores) are ellipsoid in shape, smooth, and hyaline.[8]
    Although not poisonous, the small size and tough texture of this fungus deter consumption. 
    Xylaria polymorpha is thicker and not as branched as X. hypoxylon.  
    (From  Wikipedia on 10.8.13)

     

     

     

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    indentity of these mushrooms please? : Attachments (2). 5 posts by 3 authors.

    Xylaria polymorpha, i hope !!

    I think it is Xylaria hypoxylon, commonly known as candle snuff fungus because of its characteristics black and white appearance like an extinguished candle-wick.
    These is a perithecial fungus. This sp. produce antler-shaped structures (0.03 – 0.05 cm dia) as can be seen in the pic but X. polymorpha produces irregularly club-shaped structures about 1-3cm in diameter.


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    request for id : Attachments (4).  5 posts by 4 authors.

    Can you pls help me in identifying species of these fungi. They were photographed in Deer Park, Hauz Khas, New Delhi in July/ August 2008.
    First one is Xylaria. I think X. polymorpha. Want confirmation.
     ………………………….

     

    1. The first picture is of Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev., (1824) (Xylariaceae) indeed but the stroma is still imatured when the photo was taken hence it is still to take the perfect club shaped structure and the black colour, I west Bengal I don’t why this fungus tens to grow more on Guava tree trunk. 
    2. …………………………

    These are Xylaria polymorpha, ……………. respectively beyond any doubt.

    Thanks for the confirmation.

    This image looks more closer to images at Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev.  

     

     

  • Xylaria

    Xylaria carpophila
    Xylaria dichotoma
    Xylaria feejeensis subsp. feejeensis
    Xylaria filiformis
    Xylaria fistuca
    Xylaria furcata
    Xylaria hypoxylon
    Xylaria longipes
    Xylaria mellissi
    Xylaria nigrescens
    Xylaria nigripes
    Xylaria obovata
    Xylaria oboviodea
    Xylaria plebeja
    Xylaria polymorpha
    Xylaria telfairii

     

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