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Comparative images of this family except for Boehmeria, Elatostema, Pilea, Pouzolzia and Urtica (which can be seen by clicking on these links), are given below: Chamabainia cuspidata Wight (Himalaya to Taiwan, Jawa: Assam, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Debregeasia dentata Hook. fil. (Assam to Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, Vietnam as per POWO)
Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. (China to Tropical Asia and Vanuatu: Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Tibet, Vanuatu, Vietnam as per POWO)
Debregeasia saeneb (Forssk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood (NE. Tropical Africa to Indian Subcontinent: Afghanistan, Assam, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tibet, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yemen as per POWO)
Debregeasia wallichiana (Wedd.) Wedd. (Nepal to Indo-China: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China South-Central, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO) Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew (E. Nepal to S. China and W. & S. Malesia: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., East Himalaya, Hainan, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam as per POWO)
Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis (Tropical & Subtropical Old World: Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Burundi, Cameroon, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Guinea, India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe as per POWO)
    
Laportea bulbifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Wedd. (Russian Far East to Tropical Asia: Assam, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Korea, Kuril Is., Manchuria, Myanmar, Nepal, Primorye, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)
   Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew (Tropical & S. Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Mozambique, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to NW. Pacific: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., China South-Central, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, India, Jawa, Kenya, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maldives, Maluku, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mozambique, Myanmar, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Oman, Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, Western Australia as per POWO)           Lecanthus peduncularis (Wall. ex Royle) Wedd. (Bioko to Ethiopia and Malawi, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to SW. Pacific: Assam, Cameroon, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Kenya, Lesser Sunda Is., Malawi, Myanmar, Nepal, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tibet, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Zaïre as per POWO)     
Leucosyke puya (Hook.) den Baaker & Mabb. (Indian Subcontinent to S. China and S. Malesia: Assam, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Myanmar, Nepal, Tibet, Vietnam as per POWO)
Oreocnide frutescens (Thunb.) Miq. (Assam to Temp. E. Asia and Peninsula Malaysia: Assam, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Japan, Kazan-retto, Korea, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Oreocnide integrifolia (Gaudich.) Miq. (SW. India, E. Nepal to China (W. Yunnan, W. Guangxi) and W. Malesia: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Sumatera, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam as per POWO)
Parietaria debilis G.Forst. (Old World: Altay, Amur, Burundi, Buryatiya, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Chad, Chatham Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Djibouti, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gulf of Guinea Is., Inner Mongolia, Irkutsk, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kermadec Is., Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Madagascar, Madeira, Manchuria, Namibia, Nepal, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Norfolk Is., North Caucasus, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Primorye, Qinghai, Queensland, Rwanda, Socotra, Somalia, South Australia, Sudan, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Australia, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Zaïre as per POWO)
Poikilospermum suaveolens (Bl.) Merr. (E. Himalaya to China (S. Yunnan) and Malesia: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, East Himalaya, Jawa, Laos, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)
Procris crenata C.B.Rob. (Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical & Subtropical Asia: Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Cameroon, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Uganda, Vietnam, Zaïre, Zimbabwe as per POWO)
Sarcochlamys pulcherrima Gaudich. (E. Himalaya to China (NW. Yunnan) and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Tibet as per POWO)
. 1. Plants with stinging hairs (in Dendrocnide conspicuous only on inflorescences); cystoliths punctate …… 2
Plants without stinging hairs; cystoliths linear or punctate ………………… 5 2. Leaves opposite …………….. 2. Urtica Leaves alternate ………… . …… 3 3. Leaves deeply palmately lobed … ……. … 5. Girardinia Leaves unlobed .. ……………………….. . . … .. 4 4. Annual herb; leaves serrate; achenes reflexed against winged pedicels …. 3. Laportea Shrub or small tree; leaves entire, crenate or sinuate; achenes not reflexed, pedicels unwinged ……. 4. Dendrocnide 5. Leaves pinnately veined to base, lowermost lateral veins not stronger than others ……… …… 6 Leaves 3-veined at base, sometimes pinnately veined in upper part but then lowermost lateral veins distinctly stronger than others …. 9 6. Small herb up to 50 cm, leaves linear, in whorls of 3 or 4 …. 6. Pilea (P. ternifolia) Subshrubs, shrubs, small trees or woody climbers, 50 em or more, leaves elliptic, alternate . …… 7 7. Succulent-stemmed subshrub 0.5-2 m, with minute, caducous, opposite leaves when young, leaves shallowly crenate-serrate in upper half, petioles 5-7 mm ……………. 9. Procris Shrub, small tree or woody climber, 5 m or more, without minute opposite leaves, leaves entire, petioles 1.5- 9 cm . ….. .. . 8 8. Shrub or small tree; leaves with punctate cystoliths; flower clusters up to 3 mm diameter, forming small cymes 1- 3 cm long, stigma brush-like, sessile …. 14. Oreocnide (O. rubescens)
Large woody climber; leaves with linear cystoliths; flower clusters 3-15 mm diameter, forming robust cymes 2.5- 5 cm long, style linear …. 1. Poikilospennum 9. Leaves usually asymmetric and oblique at base; cystoliths linear; stipules usually axillary; female perianth with often 3 or sometimes 4-5 unequal segments, rarely absent in some Pilea species . . . …. .. . 10 Leaves symmetric, not oblique at base; cystoliths punctate; stipules usually lateral, or if axillary then deeply bifid, absent in Parietaria; female perianth tubular, minutely 2- 4 toothed, dry or fleshy, reduced to a fleshy basal cup in Oreocnide and absent in Maoutia ……… .. 12 10. Leaves alternate, rarely with minute opposite leaves (modified stipules); flowers borne on bracteate, often fleshy, receptacles, more rarely in cymes …. 8. Elatostema Leaves opposite, sometimes in unequal pairs (but then flowers in panicles); flowers in cymes or panicles, more rarely in globose heads or subumbellate, in Lecanthus on broad flat receptacle ………………… 11 11. Flowers borne in fleshy, plate-like receptacle on long, simple peduncle 7. Lecanthus Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes or panicles, more rarely in globose heads or subumbellate …. …… 6. Pilea 12. Herbs, often prostrate or decumbent, less than 1 m tall, leaves usually opposite, alternate only in Pouzolzia ………. 13 Erect shrubs or trees 1 m or more tall, leaves usually alternate, opposite only in Boehmeria …………. 15 13. Leaf margins serrate …………. . 11. Chamabainia Leaf margins entire …………. .. …… 14 14. Diffuse weak herbs; leaves petiolate, always opposite; flowers subtended by linear bracts; stigma brush-like, sessile . … .. . .. 17. Parietaria Decumbent or suberect often wiry herbs, leaves sessile or sometimes petiolate, opposite or alternate, flower clusters with ovate bracts; style filiform ….. 12. Pouzolzia 15. Underside of leaves white tomentose or densely white pubescent . . . .. ……… 16 Underside of leaves green or pale green, never white ………………………. 22 16. Flower clusters sessile, axillary or forming simple spikes ……………. . . . . … 17 Flower clusters forming cymes or panicles, never sessile and axillary or in simple spikes …… .. 18 17. Leaves shallowly crenulate or serrulate; flower clusters borne only on leafless spikes, never axillary; style persistent in fruit …… 10. Boehmeria (B. rugulosa)
Leaves sharply serrate; flower clusters mostly axillary, sometimes also forming leafless spikes; style deciduous in fruit 12. Pouzolzia (P. sanguinea var. fulgens) 18. Leaves suborbicular, apiculate; flower clusters in lax cymes 3- 9 cm long … 19 Leaves elliptic, narrowly ovate or lanceoli:He, acuminate; flower clusters in short cymes l – 4 cm long or rather rigid panicles 4- 7 cm ………… 20 19. Shrub with coarsely crenate-serrate leaves; style filiform, persistent; achenes enclosed by dry perianth . . ……. 10. Boehmeria (B. nivea) Tree with sinuate-dentate leaves; stigma brush-like, sessile; achenes enclosed by fleshy perianth ……………. 15. Debregeasia (D. wallichiana) 20. Leaves ovate-elliptic, coarsely dentate-serrate; perianth absent in female flowers; achenes dry ……. …. … 16. Maoutia Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, margins serrulate; female flowers with tubular or campanulate perianth which becomes fleshy and persistent in fruit ……………. 21 21. Leaves 3-veined to apex with a few lateral veins only at apex; inflorescence of panicles 4-7 cm long ………. 13. Sarcochlamys. Leaves 3-veined only to middle, pinnately veined in upper half; inflorescence of cymes 0.5- 1.5 cm ………………. 15. Debregeasia (D.longijolia) 22. Flowers borne on old wood, clusters sessile or forming cymes; stigma sessile, brush-like; perianth persistent as a fleshy cup around base of achene …. 14. Oreocnide Flowers borne amongst leaves, clusters sessile, axillary or aggregated into simple, leafless spikes, perianth dry, enclosing achene ………. 23 23. Style not jointed on to ovary, persistent in fruit ………………. 10. Boehmeria Style jointed on to ovary, deciduous in fruit. …… 12. Pouzolzia (P. sanguinea) .
Species, genera & family pages of Urticaceae are now with comparative images:
Species, genera & family pages of Urticaceae are now with comparative images. On clicking the link of species, one can check the complete details. Genus pages generally give details of most of the species found in India. May I request you to pl. go through & point out mistakes, if any. I hope this will aid in identification in future. If anybody can send images of other species of this family (for incorporation in the website), if any, or can identify unidentified/ wrongly identified images, it will be really nice. Thanks … for all the hard work |
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