Bulbophyllum

Bulbophyllum Thouars, Hist. Orchid.: t. 3 (1822), nom. cons.

Synonyms:
Phyllorkis Thouars, Hist. Orchid.: t. 4, f. 2 (1822).
Tribrachia Lindl., Bot. Reg. 10: t. 832 (1824).
Anisopetalon Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: t. 149 (1825).
Cochlea Blume, Bijdr.: 320 (1825).
Cochlia Blume, Bijdr.: 320 (1825).
Diphyes Blume, Bijdr.: 310 (1825).
Ephippium Blume, Bijdr.: 308 (1825).
Epicranthes Blume, Bijdr.: 306 (1825).
Osyricera Blume, Bijdr.: 307 (1825).
Zygoglossum Reinw., Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 5 (1825).
Bolbophyllum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 681 (1826), orth. var.
Gersinia Néraud in C.Gaudichaud-Beaupré, Voy. Uranie: 27 (1826).
Megaclinium Lindl., Bot. Reg. 12: t. 989 (1826).
Odontostylis Breda, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Asclep.: t. 4 (1827), nom. illeg.
Sestochilos Breda, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Asclep.: t. 3 (1827).
Epicrianthus Blume, Fl. Javae, Praef.: vii (1828).
Odontostylis Blume, Fl. Javae, Praef.: vii (1828), nom. superfl.
Hippoglossum Breda, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Asclep. 3: t. 14 (1829).
Cirrhopetalum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 45 (1830), nom. cons.
Lyraea Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 46 (1830).
Macrolepis A.Rich. in J.S.C.Domont d’Urville, Voy. Astrolabe 2: 25 (1833).
Malachadenia Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 67 (1839).
Pachyrhachis A.Rich., Herb. Gén. Amateur, II, 3: 23 (1845).
Oxysepalum Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: 17 (1851).
Bolbophyllaria Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 934 (1852).
Bolbophyllopsis Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 933 (1852).
Didactyle Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 1: 1 (1852).
Xiphizusa Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 919 (1852).
Sarcobodium Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orchid.: 306 (1854).
Bulbophyllaria S.Moore in J.G.Baker, Fl. Mauritius: 844 (1877), orth. var.
Henosis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 771 (1890).
Adelopetalum Fitzg., J. Bot. 29: 152 (1891).
Pelma Finet, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 112 (1909).
Codonosiphon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 893 (1913).
Dactylorhynchus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 890 (1913).
Monosepalum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 682 (1913).
Tapeinoglossum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 892 (1913).
Hyalosema Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 27: 130 (1919).
Canacorchis Guillaumin, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 35: 653 (1964).
× Cirrhophyllum auct., Orchid Rev. 73(859) noh: 1 (1965).
Hapalochilus (Schltr.) Senghas, Orchidee (Hamburg) 29: 248 (1978).
Ferruminaria Garay, Hamer & Siegerist, Nordic J. Bot. 14: 635 (1994).
Mastigion Garay, Hamer & Siegerist, Nordic J. Bot. 14: 635 (1994).
Rhytionanthos Garay, Hamer & Siegerist, Nordic J. Bot. 14: 637 (1994).
Synarmosepalum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist, Nordic J. Bot. 14: 639 (1994).
Vesicisepalum (J.J.Sm.) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist, Nordic J. Bot. 14: 641 (1994).
Oncophyllum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Orchadian 13: 420 (2001).
Peltopus (Schltr.) Szlach. & Marg., Polish Bot. J. 46: 114 (2001).
Blepharochilum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13: 499 (2002).
Carparomorchis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13: 499 (2002).
Fruticicola (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13: 499 (2002).
Kaurorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Orchadian 13: 499 (2002).
Papulipetalum (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13: 500 (2002).
Serpenticaulis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13: 500 (2002).
Spilorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Orchadian 15: 37 (2005).
Hamularia Aver. & Averyanova, Komarovia 4: 18 (2006).
Hordeanthos Szlach., Richardiana 7: 88 (2007).
Lepanthanthe (Schltr.) Szlach., Richardiana 7: 82 (2007).
Trachyrhachis (Schltr.) Szlach., Richardiana 7: 85 (2007).
Tripudianthes (Seidenf.) Szlach. & Kras, Richardiana 7(2): 94 (2007).
Distribution: This is one of the most widely distributed genera found in Africa, Australia, Asia, and South America.
Note: Bulbophyllum is the largest genera of flowering plants with around 2000 species of which around 600 species are found in Papua New Guinea. In India the genus is represented by around 106 species. 

 
Orchids of India, Volume 2 By Johns Augustine, Yogendra Kumar, Jauti Sharma (2001- Description & Keys–
(Keys to the Sections- Aphanobulbon, Cirrhopetaloides, Desmosanthes, Elatae, Emarginatae, Globiceps, Meusae, Microbulbon, Microstylidia, Micromonanthe, Monilibulbus, Pleiophyllus, Racemosae, Sestochilos, Tripudianthes, Umbellatae)
Section Sestochilos– Bulbophyllum affine, Bulbophyllum griffithii, Bulbophyllum leopardianum, Bulbophyllum lobbi, Bulbophyllum listeri, Bulbophyllum obrienianum, Bulbophyllum pectinatum)
Section Monilibulbus–  Bulbophyllum moniliforme
Section Micromonanthe– Bulbophyllum capillipes, Bulbophyllum devangiriens, Bulbophyllum hastatum
Section Racemosae– Bulbophyllum bisetum, Bulbophyllum careyanum, Bulbophyllum cornu-cervi, Bulbophyllum crassipes, Bulbophyllum cupreum, Bulbophyllum elassonotum, Bulbophyllum eublepharum, Bulbophyllum parviflorum, Bulbophyllum penicillium,Bulbophyllum polyrhizum, Bulbophyllum reptans, Bulbophyllum rufinum, Bulbophyllum secundum,  Bulbophyllum tricorne)
Section Desmosanthes– Bulbophyllum cauliflorum, Bulbophyllum iners, Bulbophyllum laptanthum, ……
………………………..)

Bulbophyllum maxillare (Orchidaceae) – A new record for India from Andaman & Nicobar Islands (By Joju P. Alappatt- Rheedea Vol. 23(1) 40-42 2013-  Key to species of Bulbophyllum in Great Nicobar Island-
Bulbophyllum apodum,
Bulbophyllum bakhuizenii,
Bulbophyllum clandestinum,
Bulbophyllum longibracteatum,
Bulbophyllum macranthum,
Bulbophyllum maxillare,
Bulbophyllum restrepia)


 
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae.
With more than 2,000 species, it is also one of the largest genera of  flowering plants, exceeded only by Astragalus. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb.
Phylogeny
This genus was first described by Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (botanical abbreviation Thouars) in his book Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies sur les trois Iles Australes d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar, describing 17 Bulbophyllum species. There are now more than 2,800 records (accepted names and synonyms) for this genus. This large number and the great variety of its forms make the genus a considerable challenge for taxonomists: 120 sections and subgenera have been listed. The scientific name has been derived from the Latin word bulbus (bulb-like) and the Greek word phyllon (leaf), referring to the pseudobulbs on top of which the leaf is growing.
The center of diversity of this genus is in the montane forests of Papua New Guinea (more than 600 species) which seems to be the evolutionary homeland, though the genus is pantropical and widespread, occurring in Australia, Southeast Asia (with over 200 species in Borneo), India, Madagascar (with 135 species, some endemic), Africa and in tropical central and South America.
Structure
The general characteristics for this genus are : single-noded pseudobulbs, the basal inflorescence and the mobile lip. This genus covers an incredible range of vegetative forms, from tall plants with cane-like stems, to root climbers that wind or creep their way up tree trunks. Other members are pendulous epiphytes (growing on other plants), and quite a number that have developed succulent foliage to a greater or lesser degree. Some species are lithophytic. One species has almost become leafless and uses its pseudobulbs as the organs of
photosynthesis.
These orchids with a sympodial growth have rhizomatous stems with often angled pseudobulbs. The thin to leathery leaves are folded lengthwise.
Pollination
Many Bulbophyllum species have the typical odor of rotting carcasses, and the flies they attract assist in their reproduction through pollination.
The erect to pendent inflorescence arises laterally from the base of the pseudobulb. The flower form has a basic structural blueprint that serves to identify this genus. But this form can be very diverse : compound or single, with few to many flowers, with the resupinate flowers arranged spirally or in two vertical ranks. The sepals and the petals can also be very varied : straight or turned down, without footstalk or with a long claw at the base. They are often hairy or callous. There are two to four hard and waxy pollinia with stipes present or absent. The fruits are beakless capsules.
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA !

 
 
 
 
 

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