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Keys available in Flora of Pakistan and Flora of Peninsular India and Flora of China Flowers in axillary clusters (stamens inflated at base, inner larger; nectaries absent or inconspicuous) …… Polygonum
Flowers in Panicles, Spikes or Heads (All stamens equal, not inflated at base; nectaries present and conspicuous)
Flowers in clusters forming panicle or flat-topped corymb ……. Koenigia
Flowers in well-defined spikes or heads
Plants rhizomatic perennials with prominent basal leaves; styles 3, free and elongate …. Bistorta
Plants annual, rarely perennials with rooting branches; leaves evenly distributed; style 1, bifid or trifid ….. Persicaria .
Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross (Indian Subcontinent to S. China and Indo-China: Assam, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross (Tropical & Subtropical Asia: Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Jawa, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya; Introduced into: Hawaii, Jamaica, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pakistan, Réunion as per POWO)
Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson (Tropical & Subtropical Old World to Australasia: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Assam, Baleares, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, Chatham Is., China Southeast, Congo, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madeira, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Niger, Nigeria, Norfolk Is., Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Palestine, Portugal, Queensland, Rwanda, Sardegna, Senegal, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Australia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Uganda, Victoria, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe as per POWO) Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam. (Indian Subcontinent to Nansei-shoto and W. & Central Malesia: Assam, Bangladesh, China Southeast, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Malaya, Nansei-shoto, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)           Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez (New World, Central African Republic to Arabian Peninsula, Tropical & Subtropical Asia: Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arkansas, Assam, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Central African Repu, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Cuba, Delaware, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Florida, Georgia, Guatemala, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, Illinois, India, Jamaica, Jawa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Myanmar, Nepal, New Jersey, Nicaragua, North Carolina, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Socotra, South Carolina, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virginia, West Himalaya, Yemen as per POWO) (All parts glabrous. Bracts not ciliate on the margins. Ocreae (A sheath formed at the node of a stem by the fusion of two stipules) 2-4cm long, tubular, glabrous, truncate at mouth)
Persicaria greuteriana Galasso (Himalaya to China (Yunnan) and N. Thailand: China South-Central, East Himalaya, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (Temp. Eurasia to W. & Central Malesia, NW. Africa: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Andaman Is., Assam, Austria, Azores, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Rus, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hainan, Hungary, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Madeira, Malaya, Manchuria, Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicobar Is., North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Ogasawara-shoto, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia as per POWO)
Persicaria lanata (Roxb.) N. N. Tsvelev (Bulgaria to Caucasus, NW. Pakistan to NW. India and Myanmar: Assam, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, East Himalaya, India, Myanmar, North Caucasus, Pakistan, South European Russi, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) H.Hara (Africa, Indian Subcontinent: Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Chad, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Free State, Guinea, India, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, West Himalaya, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe as per POWO)
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre (Subarctic & Temp. Northern Hemisphere to W. & Central Malesia, N. Africa to Ethiopia: Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Arkansas, Ascension, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Føroyar, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Hainan, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Louisiana, Madeira, Magadan, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon as per POWO)
Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag. (Pakistan to Russian Far East and Philippines: Amur, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, India, Japan, Jawa, Khabarovsk, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Is., Manchuria, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Primorye, Sakhalin, Taiwan, Tibet, Tuva, West Himalaya, West Siberia as per POWO)
Persicaria maculosa Gray (Temp. Eurasia, N. Africa: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Madeira, Manchuria, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qinghai, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia as per POWO)
Persicaria microcephala (D. Don) H. Gross (Himalaya to Central & E. Central China: Assam, Bangladesh, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Tibet, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz (Eurasia to NW. Pacific: Altay, Amur, Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Caroline Is., Central European Rus, Chita, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Laos, Malaya, Marianas, Nepal, Netherlands, New Guinea, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Primorye, Romania, Solomon Is., South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Tuva, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Yugoslavia as per POWO)         Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Holub (Europe to W. Himalaya: Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East European Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Northwest European R, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, West Himalaya, Yugoslavia as per POWO)
Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe (Eritrea to KwaZulu-Natal, Madagascar, Tropical & Subtropical Asia: Afghanistan, Assam, Burundi, Cameroon, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Inner Mongolia, Jawa, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Korea, Kuril Is., KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Manchuria, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Philippines, Primorye, Qinghai, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre as per POWO)
Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (India to Russian Far East and N. & E. Australia: Amur, Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Japan, Jawa, Khabarovsk, Korea, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Manchuria, Myanmar, New Guinea, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Philippines, Primorye, Queensland, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO) (Tubular ochrea with leaf like wings are suggesting this to be Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach)
Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (NE. Turkey to Russian Far East and New Guinea: Amur, Assam, Bangladesh, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Inner Mongolia, Japan, Jawa, Khabarovsk, Korea, Malaya, Manchuria, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Primorye, Sakhalin, Taiwan, Thailand, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)       
Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross (Himalaya to Russian Far East and Philippines: Assam, Bangladesh, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Japan, Korea, Kuril Is., Laos, Malaya, Manchuria, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Primorye, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO) Persicaria pubescens (Blume) H. Hara (Indian Subcontinent to Japan and W. Malesia: Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Japan, Jawa, Korea, Laos, Malaya, Manchuria, Nepal, Pakistan, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO)               Persicaria pulchra (Bl.) Sojak (India to SE. China and W. & Central Malesia: Andaman Is., Assam, Cambodia, China Southeast, India, Jawa, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)
Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Masam. (Himalaya to Taiwan and W. Malesia: Assam, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Jawa, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya as per POWO) (Pinnatifid leaves are characteristic)
Persicaria sinuata (Royle ex Bab.) Rajbh. & R.Joshi (East Himalaya, West Himalaya as per POWO) Persicaria stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) Qaiser (Indian Subcontinent to Peninsula Malaysia: Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Malaya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, West Himalaya as per POWO)          Persicaria viscosa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Nakai (Himalaya to Russian Far East and Temp. E. Asia: Assam, Bangladesh, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Khabarovsk, Korea, Laos, Manchuria, Nepal, Primorye, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)
Treatments of Polygonum and related genera (subfamily Polygonoideae) those by Haraldson and Ronse Decraene & Akeroyd, have segregated species of Polygonum in the broad sense adopted into two separate tribes, Polygoneae and Persicarieae. The remainder of Polygonum in the broad sense is generally assigned to Persicaria (or a varying number of segregate genera, such as Aconogonon and Bistorta) which, with Antenoron and Koenigia, comprises the tribe Persicarieae.
Characters for segregation of Two species:
Polygonum: . Flowers axillary, solitary or in small clusters, sometimes forming lax leafy spikes. Perianth (4- or)5-parted, not enlarged in fruit. Stamens 5-8, reduced in number in outer whorl; filaments, especially the inner, strongly dilated at base.
Persicaria: Inflorescence spicate, spikes usually several. Tepals fused for about 1/3 their length. Nectaries free, globular. Styles 1, bifid or trifid. . From Floral Database of Tamilnadu :
From Floral Database of Tamilnadu :
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Species with description & pictures in Flowers of India as on 8.1.14:
. Persicaria salicifolia = Persicaria decipiens (R. Br.) K. L. Wilson
. . Persicaria : 1 post by 1 author.
I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Persicaria Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other databases/ books. Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details. Any comments are welcome. . Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details with keys–
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Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)-
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Gardening in India By George Marshall Woodrow, G Marshall (1986)- Details-
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Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Plants of the Lower Ganga Delta: Its Taxonomy … By Kumudranjan Naskar (1990)- Details with keys-
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Persicaria, Polygonum, Aconogonon, Bistorta, Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Koenigia, & Rubrivena : 2 posts by 1 author.
I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Aconogonon, Bistorta, Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Koenigia, Persicaria, Polygonum & Rubrivena Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links. Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details. If someone can provide complete list of Indian species with source references it will be wonderful. Any comments/ corrections are welcome. In my opinion most of the above genera should be treated under Polygonum sensu lato. I am working on Indian Polygonaceae but it needs thorough field work. The taxonomic complexes are to be solved with the help of SEM/ Molecular studies. I have listed all Indian species but it is not yet published. Thanks a lot, … I have taken GRIN as the basis as it relied on the latest litrature published in 2011 or 2012. Other efloras & The Plant List etc. has also been considered where ever a taxa is not available in GRIN.
As & when new findings are published it can be updated again. . Persicaria page with comparative images:
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