|
Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. (Bangladesh to W. Malesia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Jawa, Malaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; Introduced into: India as per POWO)
Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. (Introduced) (Indo-China: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)
      
Curcuma amada Roxb. (S. & E. India to Thailand: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand as per POWO)
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. (Uttarakhand to Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya; Introduced into: China Southeast as per POWO) Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (Indian Subcontinent to S. Central China and Indo-China: Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China South-Central, East Himalaya, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam; Introduced into: China Southeast, Hainan as per POWO)    
Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp (India to Peninsula Malaysia, Jawa: Assam, Cambodia, India, Jawa, Malaya, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand as per POWO)
Curcuma bhatii (R.M.Sm.) Škorničk. & M.Sabu (India (Karnataka) as per POWO)
Curcuma caesia Roxb. (India to Bangladesh as per POWO)
Curcuma cannanorensis R.Ansari, V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair (SW. India as per POWO)
Curcuma caulina J. Graham (India (Maharashtra) as per POWO) Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu (SW. India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu) as per POWO) Curcuma decipiens Dalzell (SW. India as per POWO) Curcuma elata Roxb. (Indo-China; Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO) Curcuma elata Roxb. ? (Images from Nepal)
                
Curcuma ferruginea Roxb. (NE. India to Myanmar : Bangladesh, India, Myanmar as per POWO)              Curcuma haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu (SW. India as per POWO) Curcuma inodora Blatt. (W. India as per POWO) (Actually Curcuma inodora shows a wide range of variation mainly by means of flower colour, bract shape and inflorescence length. We collected more than 10 varaints in flower colour, 12 variants in inflorescnce nature and 5 variants in bract shape from Maharashtra and Goa)
   
Curcuma involucrata (King ex Baker) Škorničk. (Darjiling to S. China: Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand as per POWO)
Curcuma karnatakensis Amalraj, Velay. & Mural. (SW. India as per POWO)
                  
    Curcuma longa L. (a cultigen from SW. India; Introduced into: Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Easter Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Hawaii, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Marquesas, Mauritius, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Queensland, Réunion, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Vietnam, Windward Is. as per POWO)                       Curcuma montana Roxb. (E. Himalaya to Assam: Assam, East Himalaya; Introduced: India as per POWO)
Curcuma mutabilis Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk. (India (Kerala) as per POWO) (As per efi thread: It is a highly variable species to the extent that no two individuals resemble each other and variations are in the colour of labellum and staminodes, corolla tube, leaf shape, bract colour and plant height)   
   Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight (W. & S. India, Indo-China: India, Laos, Myanmar as per POWO)
Curcuma nepalensis M. Sabu, Kasaju & S. Subedi (Nepal) Curcuma oligantha Trimen ? (S. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar as per POWO)
Curcuma parviflora Wall. (Introduced) (Myanmar to N. Peninsula Malaysia: Malaya, Myanmar, Thailand as per POWO)
Curcuma prakasha S.Tripathi (Assam (Meghalaya) as per POWO)
Curcuma pseudomontana J.Graham (India as per POWO)              Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F.Newman (Introduced) (Indo-China: Laos, Thailand as per POWO)
Curcuma roscoeana Wall. (Andaman Islands, Myanmar to Thailand: Andaman Is., Myanmar, Thailand as per POWO)
Curcuma rubescens Roxb. (NE. India to Myanmar: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar as per POWO) Curcuma rubrobracteata Škorničk., M.Sabu & Prasanthk. (Assam to China (SW. Yunnan): Assam, China South-Central, Myanmar, Thailand as per POWO)
Curcuma scaposa (Nimmo) Škorničk. & M.Sabu (SW. India as per POWO)
     
Curcuma thorelii Gagnep. (Introduced) (Central & E. Indo-China: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam as per POWO)
. .
Curcuma L. is one of the charming genus in the family Zingiberaceae, we can easily distinguish the genus from other genera by means of inflorescence, a spike with prominent spiral bracts each subtending a cincinnus of flowers. In fact, it is very difficult to identify the species among the genus. Taxonomical history of the genus revealed that, the pioneer taxonomists (Roxburgh, 1820; Horaninow, 1862; Baker, 1890; Schumann, 1904) were proposed various sections depending on the position of spikes and absence or presence of anther spur. Recently Sabu (2006) revised the family Zingiberaceae in South India along with Costaceae.
Depending upon his studies, the major characters used for the identification of Curcuma’s are presence of anther spur, size of the pseudostem, presence or absence of root-tubers, rhizome colour and smell, colour of the coma bracts and proportion of flower with bract (flowers exceeding bract or not).
For example, we can easily identify C. aurantica (Syn. C. ecalcarata) from other species my means of the absence of anther spur. Likewise, in C. pseudomontana sessile tubers are absent and in C. vamana and C. oligantha coma bracts are absent. With regard to rhizome colour, rhizome blue within in C. aeruginosa, yellow to deep yellow within in C. zanthorrhiza, deep orange-yellow within C. longa and greyish yellow within C. aromatica. Regard to smell, C. amada rhizome with the smell of green mango. In many species, Curcuma possess lateral and central inflorescence like C. inodora. . C. pesudomontana Flower yellow spike arising after the leaves, corolla 2-lipped
C. amanda Flower yellow spike arising after the leaves corolla lip 3-lobed C. decipiens Flower purple spike arising after the leaves corolla lip 2-lobed C. neilgherensis Flower pink spike arise before leaves corolla lip 2-lobed C. aromatica Flower pink spike arise before leaves corolla lip 3-lobed C. inodora Flower purplish with yellowish tinge on corolla lip Spike arise after leaves, lateral corolla 3-lipped . We can easily differenciate this three species without flower by rhizome character and hairy nature.
C. aeruginosa : After its maturity the rhizome shows bluish or violet rings
C. xanthorrhiza : Rhizome colour yellow.
C. caesia : Of course the rhizome shows the bluish colour. But we can identify this species by the hairy nature. In this species the hairs are present in the upper part of leaf. This is the only one Curcuma sp. showing this character. . Site on Indian gingers : 3 posts by 2 authors.
We have developed a site on Indian gingers. Those who are interested pl. log on to <www.gingersofindia.com>
|
Disclaimer
1. For any mistake in identification or for becoming efloraofindia e-group member (for contributing towards building of efloraofindia or otherwise), pl. mail to indiantreepix@googlegroups.com or itpmods@googlegroups.com
2. For better viewing of species’ pages, colour scheme & formatting is being followed as: Description of the species, Details of other flora species on the same page, Uses/ harms, Distribution, Abundance/ Location/ Flowering time & date, Habit & habitat, Etymology & pronunciation, Other interesting information, stories etc., Others, Botanical names, Common names, Main point of discussion below, Discussion about Botanical names.
Navigation
- Award for eFloraofIndia
- Colour scheme & formatting
- Copyrights, Permissions, Citations
- eFloraofIndia appreciated
- Names of Plants in India site
- Flowersofindia site
- Posting Guidelines
- For members’ information
- Logo, Tagline, Acronym
- Volunteers required
- ‘Pitamah’ of eFloraofIndia
- ‘अजेय’ ‘Ajey’ of eFloraofIndia
- ‘Saarthi’ ‘सारथि’ of eFloraofIndia
- ‘Jewel’ of eFloraofIndia
- ‘Grassman’ of eFloraofIndia
Follow us
